talking about the peoples that inhabit novorossia, we repeatedly recalled the greeks in the donbass until 2014. the greeks were the third largest national community and the largest in the post-soviet space. actually the history of the development of the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov in the xviii century. it begins with the resettlement of the orthodox from the crimea, half of whom were greek catherine the great had a special weakness for the greeks, with their help she was going to crush the ottomans to the balkans. the plan failed , and yet the descendants of the hellenes were gladly accepted both in the capital and in new russia in 1775 in st. petersburg at public expense created a greek gymnasium, which later became a cadet corps after the start of another russian-turkish war in 1778 . saving the orthodox greeks of crimea from

death, catherine ii wrote a decree on their resettlement on the coast. the azov operation was led by field marshal suvorov, for which he received another order, and the greeks received the exclusive right to create their own armed formations, were exempted from paying taxes for 10 years, and their settlements became self-governing colonies. most a large one settled in the pavlovsky ride of the azov province, after which pavlovsk was renamed mariupol until the beginning of the 19th century. mariupol was an exclusively greek community. she achieved such a privilege from the empress ; greek churches were built here ; special schools and gymnasiums were opened by the archbishop of the slavic and kherson diocese, which was established in the novorossiysk and azov provinces. so he instructed his compatriots on life in russia in

the russian empire for unity, you are equally honest beyond suspicion, we love above all others russian peoples, because we are brothers in faith. they love us, as fellow believers above all other clans since the middle of the 19th century , other nationalities were allowed to settle in greek cities and colonies under azov. industrialization required an influx of labor; the greeks assimilated and ceased to be a closed common community. many of them took a prominent place in the cultural and social life of russia, a public figure, scientist and kiev governor in the forties and fifties of the xix century, the rector of the first in novorossiya kharkov university vasily these people.

in soviet times , the famous polar explorer ivan papanin, test pilot, vladimir, as inaki, made up the glory and pride of the russian empire in soviet times, immigrants from the greek community of new russia. the first woman tractor driver twice a hero of socialist labor. pasha angina, the creator of the diesel engine for the t-34 tank konstantin chulpan, what trace did the greek settlers leave in the development of novorossia in the plot of anna efimova, starobeshevsky district one of the most greek in the dpr 85% the population is ethnic greeks and, of course, this left an imprint on the local styling . our parents, grandfathers, and grandmothers pulled out fees. and

the water did not flow yevgeny tomilov was born and raised here, he says in the forties and fifties, the village was revived by the whole world from the ashes of the post-war devastation. now we have to go through the same tests to the south-west of the styly, there is a line of contact, of course, the youth has left the village. well, if 60% of the land here is mined by military operations. we have, of course, near minami for 9 years in total it was founded in 1779 by settlers from the crimea on the orders of the catherine. us a peninsula thus the empress. it solved two problems at once, weakened the positions of the crimean tatars, the economic one, the position of which largely depended on the crimean greeks and at the same time developed again, the annexed region , the former wild field, turned into

a land of agriculture and animal husbandry before our eyes, a lot of very diverse cheeses turned out to be meat. uh, under deer, mittens were made from thread. to this day , they strive to preserve and increase the rich cultural traditions. one of the main ones is idle. not for the holiday of the village, which gathers all the locals with a part of the celebrations. from time immemorial there has been greek wrestling. and, of course, where without greek dances? in the greek settlements , crafts and trade flourished, there was even a saying, where there is a greek, a jew has nothing to do. for a long time, the villages remained practically monoethnic, but gradually russian ukrainians, armenians and representatives of other nationalities of armenians began to settle here. e grekov e. hmm invited because uh

representatives of these ethnic groups were very embedded in international trade and greek e-colonies. they were considered here as promising such peculiar networks , that is, cities that will be centers of international trade. large families came to the museum of greek life . at the same time, a minimum of furniture. in many houses. there was not even a table instead of it, low races for tatar ones are still represented here by a cafe, this is the capacity of which the dough was kneaded bread, here you guys, how when they come to me on excursions, they always ask why it is so big, and i say, because the greeks have always lived in large, numerous families, there were many children in families, and therefore such a large capacity of bread, kneaded a lot.

but with the greek language, the mixture of cultures is more difficult, it has generated many dialects, the two main language groups of urum and romania are known , the first to a greater extent adopted turkic traditions, including the language of the crimean tatars, and the second speak their own special greek dialect, when 10 years waters, if every tenth of the inhabitants of the greeks appeared under the census, despite the fact that many greeks say that they are russians, even if they did not know the russian language, they showed the orthodox cross, because for them russian orthodox were synonyms in russia of the order a dozen small such ethnic groups who consider themselves greeks, who really are greeks, but they speak different mutually intelligible languages ​​and dialects ; it is almost not taught, and therefore the number of speakers of this unique dialect is steadily declining. and literally, in about two weeks, i rewrote the russian words. only

between the ukrainians i put our greek matches , our director gave them here to the club and it turned out there about 2,000 copies, and we are in every yard of the all-russian council in every yard. what was handed out on this occasion, so that the children at least? if someone is interested took looked knew how what is called. in the meantime, everyone knows. nuyu apple trees and pears are sung in greek by members of local folklore ensembles. in mostly of the older generation, however, and these old songs in the new performance sound unexpectedly fresh. in 2014, when the donbass was engulfed in a civil war , the minister of foreign affairs of greece himself came to inspect the position of the greeks, at the same time they started talking about

mass resettlement or, one might say , the evacuation of the donbass greeks in two directions at once to crimea and lada in 2014, of course , everything. now we are rarely visited by journalists who are not indifferent to the situation that we have here in the donbass, of course, at the official level no connections. we don’t have it now, but the private ones that we have kept contacts are the contacts of the people who support us, and these are not only from greece, but greeks living in other countries. they send us words of support. in fact, the greeks, a sedentary people , are conservative and not at all nomadic, and even regular shelling and full-scale hostilities could not force many to leave. and those who nevertheless left under azov do not leave hope to return to their native places some of the seventh valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical novorossiya. role

greeks in the development of novorossiya and about their historical environment in the development of this region, we will talk with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon. hello we can say that the greeks are one of the most ancient national communities, the black sea and the crimea, since their first settlement appeared there in antiquity. here are the current greeks of new russia - these are the descendants of those elends and yes, but this is an interesting question, because, of course, the formation of the greek community. it went, as it were, in several layers, and indeed, the era that historians call the great greek colonization, this process covered not only the mediterranean, but also the black sea, and along the entire contour of the black sea, the greek was replaced by the khari of roman rule. but, of course, that's all.

it was basically such a steward, and uh, the era of the great migration of peoples in the crimea, such uh hmm greek uh, there were two ancient enclaves - this is chersonesos in the first place, for sports. we can say that e in the crimea, it was in these e communities that a new such element appeared. uh, this is christianity and already christianization. here. i said that how the influence of greek culture went in the middle ages. this was already the influence of christian greek culture. and, for example, uh, the greeks of crimea are in many ways descendants. eh, the same barbarians. e, in particular years and alang, who adopted this byzantine greek culture. it was such a, well, kind of cultural mix. yes, but it was not the blood, not the origin, but the belonging to the orthodox greek culture that was decisive, when two words greeks and novorossiy appear next to it, it immediately pops up

famous greek. foundry great how he seriously influenced the formation of the new russia. yes, this is very interesting, because sometimes this project is even called a little bit, you know. in my opinion, the lips are unjustified. so disdainfully projected. yes, as if, as a kind of unrealized. eh, such an idea will certainly achieve what, so to speak, hmm , was conceived by catherine and the revival of the byzantine empire, and the return of constantinople to the orbit of the christian peoples, of course, this was not achieved. yes, but, nevertheless, the implementation of their own project, novorossiya. it became, as it were, a threshold, and the implementation of this greek or byzantine project, because we know very well, for example, such simple examples, yes, we know the names of novorossiya, we know very well, and the names of the cities of the same mariupol yes, which kherson also mentioned and adisa and sevastopol and e, simferopol had poplar and so on. it's all greek, it's

in german, and it was very important for the uh ideology with which russia came uh to these earth. yes, that is, catherine positioned. it's like a struggle for a renaissance of a pan-european common cultural common enlightenment ancient heritage. in the context of the era when the era of classicism in europe flourished - this is very good. it seemed to fall on the public opinion of the west, among which there were a lot of enemies who helped turkey and the french government and the british government. if only not to let the russians into the black sea, if only to cut off, but from this region, and here, this is ideology greek project. she played a very important role, which directly shaped the face of novorossia. at the same time, i was sending again such a uh, such a bridge signal uh, to cultural circles. west yes, where it showed that catherine is implementing the russians are implementing the program of the general european enlightenment in this way, but including this space in this one, as if creating an imaginary

lada under the russian flag. here on the shores of the black sea the cataclysm of the 20th century seriously affected the fate of novorossia. and how did the wars of the revolution affect social changes? the history of the greek community of novorossia egre, as there were a lot of businessmen kuptsov and. we also remember the odessa mayor marazli, who was the richest man. but, well, this is not an isolated example, of course, there were poor families such as those from which the archive came out, queen yes, for example, but nevertheless in general. it was a fairly wealthy population. and so, er, for example, ideas. uh , the bolsheviks were not found among them, but very many of them supported the white movement, or at least, because, uh, the greek troops were introduced just in russia, along with other troops of the entente, and the french first of all and just interesting that it was the greek contingents in the same kherson aa that provided the most

fierce resistance to the same detachments. gregory his, which the steppes, so to speak, but under red flags. yes, many ethnic greeks left. it was then back in the nineteenth year, together with his own, well, with the greek troops, uh, someone settled in greece itself and it was such a first, so to speak, story. yes, then the second history is, of course, one of the blackest pages, probably in the history of novorossia. here are the ethnic communities - this is repression, which , simply on a national basis, at the end of the thirties, and fell upon the greeks, who were accused, which means that they were working for greek intelligence. although it is there , by and large, no serious agents. well, even well, it couldn't be. yes, probably, but soviet russia was just very friendly. e is tuned to turkey of that time. yes, but it helped her to become. and greece, on the contrary , was her, so to speak, historical rival. maybe it also affected uh, probably the last episode. this is already the collapse of the soviet union when greece opened such a repatriation program, that is

, ethnic greeks could, as it were, referring to the origin e, easily resettle , received support from the government, entire communities of russian greeks formed e, c. many of greece itself, i repeat, left, and then left the territory of ukraine, but what ukraine inherited after the collapse of the soviet union, which, of course, is also in its negative elephant, but nevertheless, but all the same, especially as for the mariupol greeks yes, that's where there was such a large enclave, but not just such a community in the cities, but a large class of the rural population is still preserved , and many mariupol greeks joined the ranks of the militias back in the fourteenth year. and i personally remember well how i arrived in debaltse literally a couple of months after my release. and here is the mayor, he was an ethnic greek, so he had a flag on russia, and next to it was the flag of greece , many representatives of different nationalities. they, including, along with all-russian symbols, yes, they also use

symbols that underline. guys, yes, and here among the greeks this is not an isolated case , you can see who has been in those parts unexpectedly. here, and such elements, therefore, uh, uh, in continues, so to speak, the history of the greek community. she continues to write it and, of course, we hope that, among other things , this is mariupol, yes, so dramatic and tragic, and she will open the door. yes, at some next stage already positive and development greek community. thank you sasha for a very detailed, interesting story. about the courage of the greeks who fought in the 18th-19th centuries on the side of russia against the ottoman empire at that time there were legends of the national hero of greece, prince alexander and psellanti. in the first quarter of the 19th century

, the hero of 1812 was the idol of many russian poets and writers. he lost an arm in a battle near dresden after the war and was promoted to general and commanded a brigade in 1821. led the revolt against the turks for the independence of hellas was captured and died. in in austria, alexander pushkin corresponded with the bees wholeheartedly rooted for the rebels and even sent his stories to their hero’s camp with an example of silante, the decembrist poets were also inspired. no less striking figure was the greek woman lascorino, bubulina, who was even rumored to be promoted to the admiral rank of the russian navy with the money of her first husband. she built an eighteen-gun corvette and under the flag of greece fought only the most difficult minutes in the mediterranean. she received

a short, shelter in the crimea, but after 3 months returned to greece, according to legend, alexander, the amazed hero of the stanovichi woman, awarded her the rank of admiral of the russian fleet , however, there is no documentary evidence of this about the history of the greeks of new russia, from which in the 18th century the undertones on the tauride formed the infantry battalion and used it to protect the crimea in the plot of olga mokhova outpost to her kolledstvo in translation from tatar means a new fortress appeared on the steep bank of the kerch strait in the place where it connects with the sea of ​​azov. at the very beginning of the xviii century, the ottomans. lined it up to protect against the russian military squadron, which conquered the fortress a few years earlier. azov here in may 1775. after the russian troops took possession of kerch,

greek settlers were sent by decree of catherine ii. those who fought in the first russian turkish war against the turks in the archipelago. this is also the name of the aegean islands in the mediterranean sea. these brave desperate people fought for several years on the side of russia against the ottoman empire, but when the russian squadron left, they would have been slaughtered by the turks, or russia had to flee offers them a service. this is how the greek army appears. it was not easy, the terms of the kyuchuk of the energy peace treaty between russia and the ottoman empire did not imply such a resettlement, so it took some time for russian ships with greeks on board to pass through the bosporus tardanels on the spot in eastern crimea, they also faced severe trials. in addition, the fortresses of kerch and her did not hesitate to be ruined and destroyed by the war ; catherine ii ordered them to be paid a salary for the entire time of service in the archipelago according to the norms

applicable to the russian regular army and a special decree granted the right to duty-free trade in all ports of the russian empire, and they did this. the greek infantry battalion on the kerch peninsula was used quite effectively. it consisted of about 600 people; it was organized according to the principle of regularity , that is, in peacetime, the greeks were engaged in agriculture , fishing and trade, and in the military , three and harsh disciplines became under arms, like a regular army there did not have. the main functions were, again, this was the protection of the approaches to the city of kerch and the protection of the coast since even after the end of this russian-turkish war, the first even in peacetime, the turks were already actively trying to raise dissatisfaction with the russian presence in the crimea among the crimean tatars after the annexation

of the crimean peninsula to the russian empire in 1783, it became relevant to strengthen the coast guard. now the southern coast of crimea had to be protected from turkish amphibious assaults of smuggling and weapons, as well as the unrest of the local crimean tatar population of the greeks, in front of them , their composition at that time was deployed in a balaclava by three companies of 100 privates plus 30 non-commissioned officers. that is everything. uh, south coast, it was broken up on the lot. e, where special watchtowers were placed, on which were the employees of this balaklava battalion , which exercised control over the coastline and in case of detection of suspicious ships, or in case of detection of some secret dreams, weapons or ammunition, they used smoke. the telegraph quickly transmitted

a certain message. the greeks were distinguished by the ability to quickly move along rough areas in the southern coast of crimea for them as their own, greece , and knowledge of the turkish language made it possible to understand the crimean tatars well, plus exceptional courage, a well-known case when the greeks with a small number suppressed many times their opponents in number. we should not forget about another function that was performed by e, the greek infantry in the regiment in balaklava they e, kept quarantine cordons, the famous hmm outbreak of horiers in 1830. uh, here are all these quarantine outposts that prevented the spread of ocher in blood and kept them in the area of ​​​​the south bank, just the greek infantry regiment by this time. it was already the second generation of greek settlers, the so-called ministerial children and relatives for the annual maintenance of the battalion from the state treasury, the amount of 14,500 rubles was determined. in addition, the privates had up to 20-10

lands, the officers even more, and the greeks excelled in agriculture better than many locals. the tatars lived for centuries on raids. now that russia had come here, they had to take up farming. this is a technological change. this was a terrible tragedy for them, and they were farmers of sins, and therefore for them this was the promised land. they managed to quickly rise and e gain a foothold on this land. in the first half of the 19th century , 16.5 thousand greeks lived on the peninsula, perhaps. the largest and most successful landowner among the peloponnesian settlers was one of the commanders in the greek battalion. theodosius williote. he was a colleague of the famous corsair in the service of catherine ii lam procacione, the land he bought in the crimea was comparable in area. except with the possessions of prince potemkin, he owned more than three and a half thousand and ten land,

and it was not just land. these were the most fertile and potentially the most interesting in terms of viticulture in subsequent years, on the lands bought from theodosia the great , such well-known now well-known places of the crimea appear. count mikhail vorontsov during the construction of the first high-mountain highway in russia. he is petitioned the governor of new russia, the duke of richelieu. and permission for his subordinates to build small vessels necessary for fishing, and over time, balaklava became one of the centers of this fishery on the southern coast of crimea. olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is a typical novorossia.

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and the state of emergency was introduced in the kherson region for the breakthroughs of the kakhovskaya hydroelectric power station, about 3,000 houses of the entire korsunka were flooded , the development of the situation on the ground was monitored by olga korlaeva, the leadership of the armed forces of ukraine openly declared their readiness to undermine this lady to obtain a military advantage. even last year to regroup. forces destruction kakhovskaya. hydroelectric power plants discussed scorched fields at un security council meeting cracked earth and dead crops abnormal heat came to siberia plus