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hello. kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this program is a typical novorossiya, our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that has returned to its historical roots about the twists and turns with the help of

a careful look at history. we will try to reveal the originality of her present day, find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. refugees from the crimea to the peredoviks in the soviet collectivization, how did the descendants of the hellenes change the face of the black sea region conversation with the program expert? talking about the peoples that inhabit novorossia, we repeatedly recalled the greeks in the donbass until 2014. the greeks were the third largest national community and the largest in the post-soviet space. actually

the history of the development of the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov in the xviii century. begins with the resettlement of the orthodox from the crimea, half of whom were greek catherine the great had a special weakness for the greeks; with their help, she was going to crush the ottomans to the balkans. the plan failed, and yet the descendants of the hellenes were gladly accepted both in the capital and in novorossia in 1775 in st. petersburg , a greek gymnasium was created on order, which later became a cadet corps after the start of another russian-turkish war in 1778 . saving the orthodox greeks of crimea from death, catherine ii wrote a decree on their resettlement on the coast. the azov operation was led by field marshal suvorov, for which he received another order, and the greeks received the exclusive right to create their own

armed formations were exempted from paying taxes for 10 years, and their settlements became self-governing colonies. the largest settled in the pavlovsky ride of the azov province, after which pavlovsk was renamed mariupol until the beginning of the 19th century. mariupol was an exclusively greek community. achieved such a privilege from the empresses. greek churches were built here , special schools and gymnasiums were opened, no archbishop of the slavic and kherson diocese, which was established in the novorossiysk and azov provinces. so he instructed his compatriots on life in russia in the russian empire for unity, you are equally honest beyond suspicion, we love above all other russian peoples, because we are brothers in faith. they love us, as fellow believers

above all other clans. in the middle of the 19th century , other nationalities were allowed to settle in greek cities and colonies under azov. industrialization required an influx of labor; the greeks assimilated and ceased to be a closed community. many of them occupied vidnoe place in the cultural and social life of russia outstanding artist arkhipkuindzhi ivan fundukley, public figure, scientist and kiev governor in the forties of the fifties of the xix century, rector of the first kharkov university in novorossia vasily karazin these people made the glory and pride of the russian empire in soviet times by people from the greek community of novorossia were the famous polar explorer ivan papanin, test pilot, vladimir as inaki. the first woman tractor driver twice a hero of socialist

labor. pasha angina creator of diesel engine for the t-34 tank konstantin cholpan what a mark, greek settlers left in the development of novorossia in the story anna efimova shevsky district one of the most greek in the entire dpr 85% of the population are ethnic greeks and, of course, this left an imprint on the local styling, pulled out by our parents grandfathers , grandmothers, made fences and a vegetable garden. his yes, they flowed yevgeny tomilov was born and raised here, he says in the forties and fifties, the village was revived by the whole world

from the ashes of post-war devastation. now you have to go through the same tests to south-west of the styly there is a line of contact, of course, the youth left the village. well, if 60% of the land is being fought here, it is mined here. we, of course, have been resettled near minami for 9 years in 1779. tsy peninsula thus empress. it solved two problems at once, weakened the positions of the crimean tatars, economic, the position of which largely depended on the crimean greeks and at the same time developed again, the annexed region, the former wild field , turned into a land of agriculture and animal husbandry before our eyes. the milk was very fatty they made a lot of cheese, very diverse serov , meat was obtained. uh, the acquisition made mittens. to this day, they strive to preserve and

increase the rich cultural traditions. one of the main ones is the celebration of the panaira holiday of the village, where all the locals gather . greek wrestling has been an obligatory part of the celebrations and calmly for centuries. and, of course, where without greek dances. crafts and trade flourished in the greek settlements, there was even a saying, where there is a greek, a jew has nothing to do. for a long time , the villages remained almost mono-ethnic, but gradually, russian ukrainians, armenians and representatives of other nationalities of the greeks began to settle here. hmm, they were invited because the representatives of these ethnic groups were very integrated into the international trade of the greek colonies, they were considered here as promising such peculiar networks, that is, cities that will be, uh , centers of international trade, came with

large families in the museum of greek life, a lot has been preserved exhibits testifying to the intersection of cultures under azov slavic hatches towels. wherein minimum furniture, in many homes. there wasn’t even a table instead of it, low jumps in the tatar style, a coffee pot is also presented here, this is such a container that kneaded bread dough . here are the guys, how when they come to me on excursions they always ask why it’s so big, and i say, because the greeks always lived big numerous, families , there were many children in the families, and therefore such a large capacity of bread, there were many blizzards. but with the greek language, the mixture of cultures is more difficult , has given rise to many dialects are known, the two main language groups are urum and romania the former adopted the turkic traditions to a greater extent, including the language of the crimean tatars, and the latter speak their own special greek dialect, when 10 years after

the foundation of the water, if they appeared after the census, every tenth inhabitant was a greek, despite the fact that many greeks says that they are russian, even if they did not know the russian language , showed an orthodox cross, because for them russian orthodox were synonyms in russia for about a dozen small such ethnic groups who consider themselves greeks, who really are greeks, but they speak different mutually intelligible languages ​​and dialects; today the rumean language is heard in the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, it is almost never taught, and therefore the number of speakers of this unique dialect is steadily declining. and the letters of the ukrainian stable greek director empty or handed out

on this floor, which i said to the children at least. if someone is interested, promised looked knew how what is called. in the meantime , the well-known song apple and pear blossomed in greek is sung by members of local folklore ensembles. mostly senior generations of other things and these old songs. in the new performance, they sound unexpectedly fresh in 2014, when the donbass was engulfed in a civil war , the minister of foreign affairs of greece himself came to inspect the situation of the greeks . , everything has changed. uh, now very rarely journalists come to us who are not indifferent to the

situation that we have here in the donbass, of course, at the official level no connection. we don't have now. and the private ones that we have preserved contacts are the contacts of the people who support us and not only from greece, but greeks living in other countries. they send us words of support. in fact, the greeks are a sedentary people, conservative and not at all nomadic, and even regular shelling and full-scale hostilities could not force many to leave. and those who nevertheless left under azov leave no hope of returning to their native places of anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical new russia. the role of the greeks in the development of new russia and about their historical trace. in the development of this region, we will talk with our permanent expert historian alexander vasiliev. sasha good afternoon.

hello we can say that the greeks are one of the most ancient national communities of the black sea and the crimea, since their first settlements appeared there in antiquity. here are the current greeks of new russia - these are the descendants of those alvins and yes, but this is an interesting question, because, of course, the formation of the greek community. it it went on, as it were, in several layers, and indeed, and in the era that historians call the great greek colonization, this process embraced not only the mediterranean, but also the black sea, and along the entire contour of the black sea, the greek era was replaced by kharin domination. but, of course, that's all. it was basically stuart like that, eh. the era of the great migration of peoples in the crimea e such uh hmm greek uh ancient enclaves remained two - this is chersonese in the first place, for sports. it can be said that in

the crimea it was in these communities that a new such an element. eh, this is christianity and already christianization. here. i said that how the influence of greek culture went in the middle ages. this was already the influence of christian greek culture. and, for example, uh, the greeks of crimea are in many ways descendants. eh, the same barbarians. e, in particular years and alang, who adopted this byzantine greek culture. it was such a, well, kind of cultural mix. yes, but it was not blood, not origin, but precisely belonging, uh, to orthodox greek culture, when u two words appear next to it greeks and novorossiy, then the famous greek immediately pops up. to what extent did he seriously influence the formation of novorossiya? yes , this is very interesting, because sometimes this project is even called that way, you know. in my opinion, the lips are unjustified. so disdainfully projected. yes, as if, as a kind of unrealized. uh, such an idea

will certainly achieve what, so to speak, hmm , was conceived by catherine and the revival of the byzantine empire, and the return of constantinople to the orbit of the christian peoples, of course, this failed to achieve. yes, but, nevertheless , the implementation of their own project, novorossiya. it became, as it were, the threshold, but the implementation of this greek or byzantine project, because we, for example , know very well, here are such simple examples of facial expressions in novorossia, he knows very well, and the names of the cities of the same mariupol yes, which were mentioned by both kherson and adsa and sevastopol and e, simferopol had poplar and so on. it's all greek, it's german, and it was very important for e, the ideology with which russia came to these lands. yes, that is, catherine positioned. it's like a struggle for a renaissance of the pan-european common cultural

general enlightenment ancient heritage. in the context of the era when the era of classicism flourished in europe, this is very good. it seemed to fall on the public opinion of the west, among which there were a lot of enemies, who helped turkey the french government and the british government. if only not to let the russians into the black sea, if only to cut off, but from this region, and here, this is the ideology greek project. she played a very important role, which directly shaped the image in russia at the same time sent, i repeat, such an array, such a signal, uh, to cultural circles. west yes, where it showed that catherine is implementing a russian program of general european enlightenment in this way, but including this space in this one, as if creating an imaginary lada under the russian flag. here on the shores of the black sea , the cataclysms of the 20th century seriously affected the fate of novorossia. and how did the war of the revolution affect social change in history greek community of novorossiya. e. grekov, there were

a lot of merchants and kuptsov. we also remember the odessa mayor marazli, who was the richest man. and here, but this is not an isolated example, of course, there were poor families such as those from which you left the archive. queen yes, for example, but nevertheless in general. it was a fairly wealthy population. and so, er, for example, ideas. uh , the bolsheviks were not found among them, but very many of them supported the white movement, or at least, because, uh, the greek troops were introduced just in russia, along with other troops of the entente, and the french first of all and just interesting that it was the greek contingents in the same kherson aa that provided the most fierce resistance to the same detachments. gregory his, which the steppes, so to speak, but under red flags. yes, many ethnic greeks left. that's when back in the nineteenth year, along with their own. well, with the greek troops, someone settled in greece itself. and it was such a first, so to speak, story. yes, then the second history is,

of course, one of the blackest pages, probably in the history of novorossia. here are the ethnic communities - this is a repression that is simply on a national basis in the late thirties, and fell on the greeks, who were accused, which means that they were working for greek intelligence. although it is not there , by and large, some serious agents. well, even well, it couldn’t be. yes, probably, but it’s just that soviet russia was very friendly towards turkey at that time. yes, but it helped her to become. and greece, on the contrary , was hers. so to speak, a historical rival. maybe this one also affected uh, the last, probably, such an episode. this is already the collapse of the soviet union when greece opened such a repatriation program, that is , ethnic greeks could, as it were, referring to the origin e, easily resettle , received support from the government, entire communities of russian greeks formed e, c. e greece itself, many again left, and left. well then, the territory of ukraine

but what ukraine inherited after the collapse of the soviet union, which, of course, is also in its negative elephant, but nevertheless, but anyway especially with regard to the mariupol greeks yes, that's where he was such a big class, but not just such a community in the cities, but a large class with a rural population still exists, and many mariupol greeks joined the ranks of the militias back in the fourteenth year. and i personally remember well how i arrived in debaltse, literally there a couple of months after my release. and now the mayor, he was an ethnic greek, so he had a flag, novorossiya, and next to it was the flag of greece , many representatives of different nationalities. they, including, along with the general russian symbolism, yes, they also use symbols that underline. guys, yes, and here with the greeks - this is not an isolated case , you can see who has been in those parts unexpectedly. here, and such elements, therefore , here uh continues, so to speak, the history of the greek community. she continues to write it

and, of course, we hope that including this is the mariupol empire. yes, so dramatic and tragic, and she will open the door. yes, at some next stage it is already positive, but development of the greek community in russia thanks to sasha for a very detailed, interesting story. about the courage of the greeks who fought in the 18th-19th centuries on the side of russia against the ottoman empire at that time there were legends , the national hero of greece, prince alexander and the psillanti. in the first quarter of the 19th century , the hero of 1812 was the idol of many russian poets and writers. he lost an arm in a battle near dresden after the war and was promoted to general and commanded a brigade in 1821. led the revolt against the turks for

the independence of hellas was captured and died. in in austria, alexander pushkin corresponded with the elastils and rooted for the rebels with all his heart. and he even sent his stories to their hero's camp . a greek woman, lascorino, bubulina, who was even rumored to have been promoted to the admiral rank of the russian navy with the money of her first husband, became a no less striking figure. she built an eighteen-gun corvette and, under the flag of greece, fought the turks in the mediterranean for the most difficult minutes. she received a short, refuge in the crimea, but through according to the legend, alexander i returned to greece for 3 months, the amazed hero of the english woman awarded her the rank of admiral of the russian fleet, however, there is no documentary evidence of this about the history of the greeks of novorossiya, from

which in the 18th century tauride undertones formed the infantry battalion and used it to protect the crimea in the story of olga mokhova an outpost to her is not a witchcraft, translated from tatar means a new fortress appeared on the steep bank of the kerch strait in the place where it connects with the sea of ​​azov. in at the very beginning of the 18th century, the ottomans. it was built to protect against the russian military squadron, which had conquered the fortress of azov here in may 1775 a few years earlier. after the russian troops took possession of kerch, greek settlers were sent by decree of catherine ii. those who fought in the first russian turkish war against the turks in the archipelago. this is also the name of the adyghe islands in the mediterranean sea. these brave desperate people fought for several years on the side of russia against the ottoman empire, but when the russian

squadron left, they would have been slaughtered by the turks, or was to flee russia offers them a service. this is how the greek army appears. it was not easy, the conditions of the kyuchuk and the narji peace treaty between russia and the ottoman empire did not imply such a resettlement, so it took some time for russian ships with greeks on board to pass through the bosphorus robernell on the spot in eastern crimea, they also faced severe trials. in addition, the fortresses of kerch and she did not hesitate to be devastated and destroyed by the war, catherine ii ordered them to be paid a salary for the entire time of service in the po archipelago norms applicable to the russian regular army and a special decree granted the right to duty-free trade in all ports of the russian empire, and they did this.

the right was used quite effectively by the greek infantry battalion on the kerch peninsula, there were about 600 people; it was organized according to the principle of regularity , that is, in peacetime, the greeks were engaged in farming , fishing and trade, and in the military men three and harsh disciplines became under arms, like a regular army there did not have. the main functions were, again, this is protection approaches to the city of kerch and protection of the coast, since even after the end of this russian-turkish war, the first, even in peacetime, the turks were already actively trying to raise dissatisfaction with the russian presence in the crimea among the crimean tatars after the annexation of the crimean peninsula to the russian empire in 1783, it became relevant to strengthen the coast guard . now the southern coast of crimea had to be protected from turkish amphibious assaults of arms smuggling, as well as the unrest of the local crimean tatar population of the greeks

their composition at that time was redeployed to the balaclava by three companies of stocked plus 30 non-commissioned officers. that is everything. uh, south coast, it was broken up on the lot. e, where special watchtowers were placed, on which there were employees of this balaklava battalion, which exercised control over the coastline and in case of detection of suspicious ships, or in the event of the discovery of some secret caches of weapons or ammunition. they are using smoke. the telegraph quickly transmitted a certain message. the greeks were distinguished by the ability to quickly move across rough terrain to the southern coast of crimea for them as their native greece, and knowledge of the turkish language made it possible to understand the crimean tatars well , plus exceptional courage, a well-known case when the greeks in a small composition suppressed

many times their opponents in number. we should not forget about another function that was performed by e, the greek infantry in the regiment in balaklava they e, kept quarantine cordons, the famous hmm outbreak of horiers in 1830. uh, here are all these quarantine outposts that prevented spread about the quarries in the blood and kept them in the area of ​​​​the south bank, just the greek infantry regiment by this time. it was already the second generation of greek settlers, the so-called ministerial children and relatives for the annual maintenance of the battalion from the state treasury , the amount of 14,500 rubles was determined. in addition , the privates had up to 20-10 lands, the officers even more, and the greeks excelled in agriculture better than many locals. the tatars lived for centuries on raids. now that russia has come here, they need to take care of the rural

economy. this is a change of techno-way. this was a terrible tragedy for them, and they were farmers of sins, and therefore for them this was the promised land. they managed to quickly rise and e gain a foothold on this land. in the first half of the 19th century , 16.5 thousand greeks lived on the peninsula, perhaps. the largest and most successful landowner among the peloponnesian settlers was one of the commanders in the greek battalion. feodosia reviote. he was an associate of the famous corsair in the service of catherine ii of lamborca. why are they bought by him in the crimea of ​​the earth by area were comparable. unless with the possessions of prince potemkin, he owned more than three and a half thousand and ten lands, and it was not just land. these were the most fertile and potentially.

the most interesting thing in u from the point of view of viticulture in subsequent years on the lands bought from feodosiya the great ones appear now such well-known places of the crimea. like, say, rianda alupka. here gurzuf aidor, as an interested owner of the land, was one of those who advised count mikhail vorontsov during the construction of the first in alpine russia highway, he also petitioned the governor of new russia, the duke of richelieu. and the permission of his subordinates to build small vessels necessary for fishing, and over time, balaklava became one of the centers of this fishery on the southern coast of crimea. olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is a typical new russia. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon.

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ukrainian troops did not achieve their goals in any area of ​​hostilities. this was emphasized by vladimir putin answering journalists' questions. on the course of the special operation , he noted the failures of the kiev regime due to the husband and heroism of the russian military and the effectiveness of modern weapons in our army, the president noted that the offensive, about which so much was said in ukraine, had already begun. firstly, you can absolutely accurately, huh?