everything goes under the storm 10 points, everything is decided here. yu i'm a man don't save something. how to approach them to watch from the outside, but i did not understand the film by boris khlebnikov. are we really discussing a rescue operation right now? gone bullfinches we watch to explore the world of educational programs and documentaries i watch for free without registration.

hello, i'm sergey stankevich, we continue to turn over and reread

the pages of the calendar, remembering the faces and events of a significant era, when at the end of the 20th century new russia was born from the soviet union today we will talk about how the communist reformer mikhail gorbachev, becoming president of the ussr, faced a painful problem. will the soviet empire be preserved at any cost , even at a bloody price? instructions and impulses of coercion came from moscow as the imperial party

-ideological center of the state, the method of government was unitary and party-cratic, and the russian people were perceived by other peoples as the imperial ethnos a symbol of their elder brother. mikhail gorbachev's reformist perestroika fell into a kind of historical trap of democratization and glasnost, which gained momentum in 1986-1990 and led to a weakening of the levers of administrative coercion and ideological control. the abolition of the one-party monopoly did not participation in the project of building communism is obligatory. removal of censorship wave of revealing publications, sharp public debate led to a general reassessment of the symbols and authorities of the soviet era, and competitive elections. in the new authorities made it impossible to preserve

the former unitary mode of government. the indestructible union needed urgent rethinking and radical modernization. with each year of perestroika, the 15 union republics felt more and more free, asking fatal questions. why is everything decided moscow and distributed from moscow whether we should be together in the three baltic republics of the national elite, made a bet on secession from the union already in 1988. moldova georgia and armenia announced their withdrawal in 1990. in the rest of the republics, the desire to stay prevailed, but on other conditions of equal and fair rights, if perestroika led by gorbachev could

present reforms to the republics in 6 years. at least the first signs of progress in the economy will give them economic independence, link them with joint investment projects. this would have become a powerful unifying symbol, but gorbachev was bogged down by hesitations and contradictions in september. in 1990, he abandoned the saving economic program of 500 days as a result, the leader of perestroika fell under increasing pressure in the allied nomenclature, which demanded from the president of the ussr and the secretary general of the cpsu to preserve the old imperial statehood at any cost, not stopping before the use of force. at the end of 1990 , the conservative imperial opposition launched a direct attack against the leader of perestroika 17 december at the sixth congress of people's deputies. the ussr deputy of the cpsu soot from malatov all over

the country accused gorbachev of the collapse of the ussr and demanded an immediate vote on the resignation of president sergeevich is and will not be accepted. i ask you to put this proposal to war naked. no, we recall that gorbachev, elected to the highest state post by the congress, was in this respect. quite vulnerable for the resignation of the president voted about 400 deputies of the right wing majority, including democrats. headed by yeltsin voted against the resignation , right from the rostrum of the congress , foreign minister eduard shevardnadze resigned dramatically, warning the country and the world that a dictatorship was coming in the ussr in the near future. better it will be mine, if you want

my protests very offensive dictatorship, yielding to the pressure of the conservatives. gorbachev made a sharp cream to catholicism on november 17, 1990 , the centralization of the union power was announced in place of the previous government. in the ussr , a compact cabinet of ministers was created during headed directly by the president instead of a dissolved presidential council. where liberals were included alexander yakovlev vadim medvedev brought in shatalin , the security council was created where they no longer had a place, the post of vice-president of the ussr was introduced to which gorbachev held gennady yanaev. president gorbachev received the authority to impose direct presidential rule in the republics or in the country as a whole and to manage presidential decrees , the topic of emergency measures of a firm hand and even dictatorship was widely discussed.

by the fact that the soviet republics, one after another, began to legally formalize the final secession from the ussr, the first to depart were the baltic republics in the spring of 1990 in the declarations of their parliaments, lithuania, latvia and estonia announced the restoration of state independence. the supreme soviet of the ussr immediately canceled these declarations, but this did not prevented the baltic republics from immediately starting to form new government bodies, there were two parliaments and governments that were not recognized by anyone as independent states opposed the local communist parties, which relied on the councils of labor collectives and law enforcement agencies, which continued to obey moscow. the union center presented ultimatums to the baltic republics to immediately restore the ussr constitution in full and tried to suppress

the parallel independent local authorities by force , the most large-scale military operations are actually aimed at introducing direct presidential rule were taken in lithuania and latvia in early 1991 , key facilities in vilnius were taken under on the night of january 12-13, 1991, the 76th airborne division secretly arrived from moscow in vilnius, the anti-terrorist group of the kgb of the ussr alpha , with the support of armored vehicles, stormed the television center. during the operation, 13 defenders in front of the center were killed and about 600 people, an officer of the alfa group viktor shatskikh, were injured on january 20 in the capital of latvia during clashes between police forces and protesters who were building barricades, at least seven people were killed, including policemen and journalists.

dozens were injured in response to events in the baltic republics became a truly mass protest throughout the ussr, the special scope of the protests was given by the general expectation that a similar force. higher actions with the transition to martial law can be taken in moscow and throughout the country, assessing the scale of protest sentiments and the dubious prospect of further forceful pressure on the union center. suddenly he announced that no one planned to enter the baltics. the direct presidential board had a communication glitch, a tragic accident. events in vilnius and riga in january 1991 became an important psychological frontier for all political forces seeking to one way or another deprive the fate of the ussr mikhail gorbachev , who tried on

the uniform of bonaparte under the influence of the allied security forces, at the decisive moment played back, seeing the resistance of the barricades and the victims. the creator of perestroika clearly understood that the role of a military dictator, putting things in order with an iron fist, was absolutely not for him, the forces of the security army and the ministry of internal affairs, which were not the first time dragged into politics, and then thrown and accused of arbitrariness, they began to negatively perceive any orders, but interference in political affairs. at the same time, among such convinced hawks as the union marshals and the generals of the varennikovs, the natives of the languages ​​of the achals, there is dissatisfaction with too soft gorbachev. now it has turned into a fronde fraught with conspiracy. they decided for themselves that, if we introduce a regime of a strong hand in the country, then seriously and definitely without gorbachev for their part. the democratic

opposition, represented by the interregional deputy group, decided to actively oppose gorbachev's reactionary course of curtailing reforms and establishment of a power dictatorship. on january 20, 1991, an opposition rally was held in the center of moscow, bringing together about 500,000 people, supporters of democracy for the first time demanded gorbachev's resignation and chanted the slogan freedom will die with us . he prompted gorbachev's team to immediately resort to the last and decisive means of holding a referendum on the preservation of the ussr

hello, i'm sergei stankevich, we continue to read and ponder the pages calendar, seeking to better understand the dramatic events of that era, when at the end of the 20th century we moved from the soviet union to the new russia today we will recall how the referendum on the preservation of the soviet union was prepared and held in 1991 in early 1991, the reformist course of the president of the ussr mikhail gorbachev, known

as perestroika, entered the period of the island of political crisis, the communist reformer fell between two fires between the soviet party, which was accumulating the anger of despair on the state nomenclature and the strengthened democratic the leader of the opposition, which was boris yeltsin and the main base of the parliament of the russian federation , swinging sharply to the right, gorbachev tried in january 1991 with the help of the army to introduce direct presidential rule in lithuania and latvia, tragic experiments gave the opposite result. the forceful actions of the soviet army in vilnius and riga only accelerated the reaction of the state half-life , there was nothing left for gorbachev. how to make a decisive bet on a referendum only a popular plebiscite. might keep under

on january 16, 1991, the supreme soviet of the ussr issued a resolution to hold a referendum on the preservation of the soviet union on march 17, 1991 and sum up the results of the vote, both for the union as a whole and for each republic individually, the wording of the question put to the vote was deliberately ambiguous . do you consider it necessary to preserve the union of soviet socialist republics as a renewed federation of equal sovereign republics, in which will the rights and freedoms of a person of any nationality be fully guaranteed? the citizens of the ussr were asked to preserve what did not yet exist, a renewed federation with new relations of no longer soviet, but simply

sovereign republics , they were tempted by guarantees of rights and freedoms that had yet to be enshrined in law, the denial of the old ussr was also emphasized by the fact that the referendum was held only in nine republics out of 15 refused to participate in it, three baltic republics and armenia georgia and moldova therefore, the vote it was not for the preservation of the outgoing old, but for the creation of a new union in a narrow composition on the terms that the nine republics had only to agree on. and here is an explanation from mikhail gorbachev himself. answering questions about the preservation of the union, citizens should, of course, keep in mind that we are not talking about the old, but the new, transformed, truly federal union state. some

republics decided to hold their own republican referendum in ukraine in parallel with the all-union one and were asked to decide. whether it is necessary to participate in the renewed federation on the basis of the previously adopted declaration of sovereignty for the then ukrainian elite with it. this was an insurance mechanism. we virgos participate in the union, but only on our sovereign terms as russian citizens. it was proposed to additionally vote for the introduction in the republic of the post of president, elected by the people, as many rightly suspected a new post, they were going to establish it for a very specific person. boris yeltsin, february and march 1991 were marked by the most acute political struggle in connection with the referendum with gorbachev and his team, they mobilized everything that was still alive and the work of a capable allied

chi company. at that time, it decreased from 19 million to 16 million people and continued to fall in all regions and at all levels, the cpsu organizations created headquarters, took control of the media and the printing house in russia, the communist party campaigned for the preservation of the union and did not stand aside against the introduction of the presidency the all-powerful kgb on february 7 , 1991. the head of the secret service. vladimir kryuchkov sent gorbachev a spatial alarmist memorandum on the political situation in the country. in the document, the events in the union and in russia were portrayed as sinister plots to seize power and change the socio-political system, the head of the kgb saw a particular threat to the regime in the creeping spread of market relations in the shadow

business and the emergence of new bourgeois kryuchkov declared the democratic russia movement to be the main enemy in the country and the leadership of the russian federation, given the depth of the crisis the chairman of the kgb urged to consider the possibility of using emergency measures, including the formation of temporary special government bodies that use the powers granted by the president in the february memorandum. kryuchkov became the ideological basis for a number of further events that shook the country in 1991. in february , a powerful political attack was organized by the allied leadership to remove yeltsin from the post of chairman of the russian parliament in order to prevent his further strengthening, especially promotion to the presidency of russia on february 21 with a direct

the demand for yeltsin's resignation was made by six very authoritative deputies of the hot isaev abdulatipov isakov vishnyakov syrovatka isakov and abdulatipov were the chairmen of the chambers of the supreme soviet of russia veshnyakov and syrovatka their deputies hot. isaev were deputy chairmen of yeltsin's parliament and could, on occasion, completely replace him. this was a most dangerous rebellion right on yeltsin's ship. a group of rebels received an unprecedented card on television, where they called for the removal of yeltsin and the refusal to be introduced into republic of the presidency with similar calls february 23 at manezhnaya square in moscow was held the only thousands of trade union and anti-yeltsin rally yeltsin in response to attacks from the front and the cold snapped quite sharply.

he gave several interviews on television, in which he blamed gorbachev for the collapse of the economy and the use of the army against civilians, again and again demanded his resignation over what he was calling citizens to do during the referendum, a split occurred in the camp of yeltsin supporters the majority decided to agitate for the answer. yes , on both issues, the radical minority is predominantly immigrants. from the urals, they preferred to fight against the quote sly wording about the preservation of the old union in a new package in the referendum on march 17, 1991 on the fate of the soviet union in nine republics, more than 148.5 million people or more than 80% of the total number of voters of the ussr took part that is, the legitimacy of the plebiscite was not in doubt; more than 76%

of those who voted answered the main question of the referendum in the affirmative new federation nine. republics should be voting in ukraine was next for participation in the renewed federation of more than 70% for a declaration of sovereignty as the basis for further allied relations 80%. in russia , over 71% of those who voted for the introduction of the post of president supported participation in the renewed federation , 67% supported the reason for the noticeable difference. it's clear. 20 russian autonomies were wary of the president as a circle to strengthen russian and moscow centralism. current speculation that the march 1991 referendum supported the retention

the ussr has neither factual nor legal grounds, soviet citizens of nine of the fifteen republics that were then part of the ussr voted for the desirability of participating in a fundamentally updated federation, moreover , on conditions that had yet to be agreed upon after the referendum. the results of the march 1991 referendum became a kind of clear diagnosis. it is clear that the old soviet union is a thing of the past, but allied relations are in a new version. everything else could be saved and continued. to do this, it was necessary, based on the will of the citizens of the nine republics to agree on and approve a new union treaty.

we open russian channels and all series

of movies and cartoons educational programs and documentaries how to figure out the killer among the killers, and where

can he hide it can kill a person depends on what this thing is saturated with?

so today, on the day of russia, vladimir putin visited the central military clinical hospital named after vishnevsky, the president presented an award to participants in a special military operation. i talked with the fighters, and a few hours earlier , the heroes of labor and laureates of the state prize for the past year participated in the ceremony in the kremlin . anastasia efimova told about everything in more detail in the hand and presented

state awards on the day of russia to vladimir.