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on the contrary, the post bank pays money to you with a guaranteed rate on time, and the bank will return the difference. come for money post office bank. lighthouse 75 years later documents that no one has yet seen the most secret enterprise in russia opens its archives and production sites. the name of the topic, what would it mean, developments were underway.

mysterious light in the vaults of the plant, how can people be treated with it? how do we understand the future of nuclear energy? of course, this is a two-component nuclear power industry behind the fuel cycle, which means that with fuel reprocessing, its remanufacturing by maximum recycling, and it is in these competencies that mayak is a super professional.

the most secret city in the history of russia, ozersk , did not appear on the maps, and until 1954 it did not even have its own name, base, 10, chelyabinsk 40 or sorokovka, chelyabinsk 65. since its inception 75 years ago, the mayak combine, which forms the enterprises , appeared in all documents exclusively under code names. factory number 817, then plant number 817 or the yuzhnouralsk office of the ussr glavgorstroy we are not just in

the archive, we are in the main archive of the association's production. the lighthouse is a powerful atomic nuclear plant. this is one of the main archive rooms. the lighthouse is called the cradle of the nuclear industry in russia, it is here under the heading top secret that in the late forties of the 20th century the foundations of the nuclear shield were laid countries. they were producing weapons-grade plutonium for the first atomic bombs, and no one in one department had to know what exactly the declassified documents were doing in another. now , decades later, they read like a detective novel , for example, a document. it would seem that the laboratory, writes comrade semyonov , is sent a plan to study the behavior

of standard metal crystallization blocks. what is known today about the first days of the secret megaproject of the ussr, and the fact that, for example, tens of thousands of people dug a pit for the reactor, and prisoners worked and civilians from equipment, while jackhammers and 3,000 horses took the soil several kilometers into the forest, building materials were also delivered in wagons or on tanks, taken down by towers, equipment was periodically sucked into the swamp, the first years lived in dugouts and tents, they planned a horizontal reactor, as already in operation with the americans. can

be ruled out upright? igor vasilievich kurchatov was able to prove during the pavel chubey that the vertical structure is more reliable in the future, our reactor is it is good that the americans later began to build reactors in a vertical position. the declassification of archives for, that is, closed administrative-territorial entities began quite recently in the nineties of the xx century.

this document has not yet appeared in the public domain, the act of acceptance of the object, and the annushki of the first reactor of the lighthouse, in the opinion of the layman, are ordinary technical documentation, and in fact, the real certificate of the birth of a new industry in the country, the atomic passport of the first industrial nuclear reactor of the soviet union, is in hand. original document it was compiled on december 30 , 1949, and this document contains all the information regarding installation. and for researchers, of course, of course, this document is of great great importance kurchatov himself uploaded here. our first reactor was involved in loading. channels.

the blocks were laid by vannikov himself, general vannikov. boris lvovich stood in the central hall , watching, he was carried away. vanka also came up to fold these blocks. this is how it works from archival documents. now you can learn about the working conditions of people in the early years, and not in regular situations , much less was known about how they learned to protect themselves from radiation, sometimes at the cost of the health of employees, in those years, than today the equipment was already supplied to the apparatus. there were already chemicals. but they are not covered. we were here on june 2nd.

on the occasion of your anniversary, the hard trials of the great patriotic war and the hardships of the post-war period fell to your lot. well, all of our people survived, saved the country, preserved faith in a just cause in goodness and justice. i wish you good spirits and all the best president of the russian federation vladimir vladimirovich putin congratulations. at mayak, he worked as a radiochemical plant technician as a dosimetrist. he caught an accident in 1957, when he had to decontaminate almost everything that was at the enterprise. he says that he himself received radiation doses, especially his war-wounded knee felt the radiation. i do not wish what the first people experienced. you technology was complicated, there were very dangerous procedures, which

the technologists, then eliminated it, they worked. here we have already done a lot to work safely. you know, it happens with the state. uh, these are the moments when you can’t get by, and where should the government go.

your house stands as a country soviet scientists engineers atoms completed on august 29 , 1949, the date of the testing of the first soviet atomic bomb, unique footage from the archive of the lighthouse. and seconds, the luminous area expanded at the beginning at a speed of about 200 km/s. why did this speed drop to three kilometers per second ? the surface temperature of the luminous area reached 25,000°. less than 4 years passed first construction of plant number 817 and only about

a year after launch. the now legendary a1 anushka reactor is almost 40 years old according to the project. later, from documents declassified in 2014 in 2014, journalist thomas mayer in his book said that churchill in 1947 tried to persuade us president harry truman to drop 300 nuclear bombs on dozens of cities in the ussr, the operation was called unthinkable and was developed in the deepest secret.

the fiftieth year did not take place. here is the creation of a nuclear reactor, the creation here in ozersk this beacon of plant 817, the test of the first bomb, saved the world from a nuclear catastrophe, as you like it can be understood pompously not pompously, but the plans to strike against targets in the soviet union actually stopped . probably now, looking at the history of the soviet project, i must say that the first fundamental part of the first nuclear project. he firmly stood on three points of support - this is the obninsk laboratory. this is sarov and this is the plant then 817 to the current mayak enterprise and if obninsk and a. sarov it's more likely chapter. if you want the brains of the project, then, of course, the lighthouse - this is his heart was created, without which the bomb is impossible. it would have been

august 29, 1949, when the soviet union demonstrated that it had similar technology competencies and began a very difficult path to restoring nuclear parity. well, in fact, ensuring the defense capability of the security of our country. there was a time when seven nuclear reactors were simultaneously operating at the plant, five of them were uranium graphite, two more water inputs, and in total the lighthouse had 10 reactors. and this at a time when there were only 17 of them in the entire soviet union, the rector was treated like a living creature, and when you have worked for so many years, and when you find yourself in various situations, like a critical situation happens. when you already begin to feel all these systems of the work of the system of elements. when you see how

the reactor responds to the impact, you already begin to treat the reactor as if it were a living organism. you just feel when, where and what needs to be done to make it work in normal mode, another little-known page in the history of the lighthouse implementation, the so-called great uranium deal in 1993, russia and the united states entered into an agreement in a wave that is still considered one of the greatest achievements in the field of nuclear nonproliferation. in accordance with this document, russia undertook to decommission and process 500 tons of weapons-grade uranium from the former soviet republics and the united states was to buy the resulting low enriched uranium from our production. what is high, enriched in nuclear charges

, uranus is used as a treat, let's say so in energy reactors are used in backpacks with treats of up to four percent, that is, the uranium-235 isotope, so it was necessary to prepare this material highly enriched uranium was transferred to a low, enriched wound and further into energy for conventional energy reactors of the industry, as a result, for 20 years of the agreement , hundreds of tons of highly enriched uranium were processed at five russian enterprises, including mayak, the parties fully fulfilled their obligations, but the most the main historical moment russia remained

the only nuclear weapons power in the post-soviet. in space, the risk of possible spread has been averted. the legendary beacon today is still an enterprise, oh, the work of which is much and will not be told secretly. it is known that the state defense order fulfills strictly. but that is not a secret at all, the production has big plans for the future. lighthouse - this is the nuclear heart of russia, everything started here , all production. and i think that a new wave of development for the nuclear industry will also come from here. industries. we formulated in the form of a strategy. enterprises 20-30, which is 10 years from now. it is the global leader of nuclear technologies in the world, and subnuclear technologies at that. we understand not just the handling of fissile materials, but the whole cycle from construction design.

as a matter of fact, the production and pre-decommissioning of nuclear power facilities work beacon of radio medicine. here, for example, the sources of cobalt 60 are now cooled in the cooling pool and the vavilov cherenkov effect glows . gamma radiation can be useful, for example. as a source of ionizing radiation for radiomedicine , it is precisely this production that diagnoses and treats severe oncological diseases with its help. right now, mayak

is actively developing more than half of all isotope products in russia and 30% of the total world volume of radioisotopes. sources based on cobalt 60 are being manufactured, and which are literally used in medicine. recently, uh, we released the first source, which was an analogue of the si-146 source produced. canada there was an import substitution, which now our oncologists can stop in devices , and literally at the end of last year , the first reloading took place. the radiation from the sources is very powerful, so the employees at the enterprise call them apparatchiks, they work exclusively with the help of manipulators, but with a jeweler's accuracy , the size of the capsule is sometimes only 3 mm in what

one of them said that with the help of a manipulator. in addition to medicine, ionizing radiation is actively used, for example, in the food, oil and gas and paper industries. industry, international sanctions have made adjustments to supplies from foreign partners. some of them terminated the contracts altogether and now the task for the lighthouse is as soon as possible. find new markets and offer customers one-stop service. the active raw material is cut, extracted and reused to make new products. we use already irradiated raw materials. and there is no need to train him not to use the reactor plant, and the volume of those formed is also reduced. transport preparation

containers for recycling . the wall thickness of the containers is more than 200 mm and it is solid metal, respectively, the container provides protection for the loaded contents. without exaggeration, many stages of production at mayak are unique, for example, it was here that they developed the technology for converting nuclear fuel already spent in a reactor into

raw material for new fuel. here it is also glowing in the holding pools and is being prepared for processing. which processes nuclear fuel coming from nuclear power plants in our country, the fuel enters the plant in a hot form, in order to cool it down, we carry out the process of de-chopping before transferring it to the storage pool for temporary storage. after cooling, the fuel is sent for processing to the workshop. there it is crushed, dissolved and all valuable elements are isolated from it, which can then be reused, we are on the central control path of shop-2 of the radiochemical plant. on this console , people control their process of plutonium precipitation by refining, it is also separated purification of uranium, we turn out marketable

products. it's plutonium dioxide. uh, three damage to the taxi driver. modern methods of purification of uranium and plutonium, of course, are much safer for people than those that were used 70 years ago. now at mayak they process the fuel of nuclear power plants, transport power plants, reactors of scientific centers at the enterprise, they even developed a special technology for converting suranium into zirconium fuel of nuclear icebreakers, this has never been done in the world, no one has done plutonium before. uh, all accumulated in storage. that is, it has not been used in recent years, a number of studies have been carried out on the use of our plutonium in the form of dioxide. as a raw material for the production of could fuel. that is, this is the so-called, closed fuel church in more detail the refining process does not disclose trade secrets. it is known that such

fuel is called mox. it is now produced at the chemical plant in zheleznogorsk, but the first assemblies were assembled at mayak, and for several years now it has been successfully tested at the beloyarsk nuclear power plant. at the station , attention was paid to safety issues, the very first days at the grand opening of the pool there was such a case, the delegation that was present observed the following , the head of the shop crossed out the condensate from the pool with a mug and completely drained this mug. drank further. this mug was kept in his office , stood on the safe, the head of the shop lived for a very long time and was in good health and felt great safety for the lighthouse, and today it is a special issue that not only the maximum observance of the regulations during current work, but and in the elimination of the so-called nuclear legacy of the ussr, now this is a task of national importance, it must be honestly

admitted that it is at the turn of creation. in the industry at the turn of creating new enterprises, we did not always care about our future, but the responsibility of our current generation is to eliminate just all these consequences, which is what not only history is actively doing, but today and tomorrow rosatom cannot imagine without the development of electricity, a lighthouse, and in this sense, of course, there is room for development and there is great potential for the youth who today both studies and comes. she is my bed today, more than 12,000 people are employed in production. and it's not just dynasties. someone comes to ozyorsk on purpose, now the city is marked on the maps and it is easy to find it. i will tell you. i didn't just stay and work at mayak. i first went to moscow and lived there for 6 years. he got an education and realized that there is no better city on earth than

ozyorsk and the mayak enterprise and returned. he served in the army here and started working here. you ask why. and everything, simply, firstly, i love the urals. i love our city. here we live together, people here are active, because here we have mountains and rivers, people go hiking and paint pictures. eh, they write beautiful poems about what they see. dmitry also works with radiation, but with other x-rays he studies materials using an industrial tomograph, he gladly shows what equipment he uses to conduct research. today we are already in the future, because we are surrounded by such technologies, er, that we could not have thought of us a few years ago, they are simply available. more about what he and his colleagues are engaged in. dmitry cannot tell in secret how much

of what is now produced at the legendary enterprise has been the same since the founding of the lighthouse, which has always been and remains at the forefront of the latest nuclear technologies and will be so for many more years. and when the neck will be removed from these developments, it is not known.

russia appreciates the interest of african states in finding a way to resolve the conflict in ukraine and welcomes their balanced approach to the situation. vladimir putin spoke about this at a meeting with representatives of seven african countries that brought their proposals on this matter, we will learn the details of the negotiations, anton podkovenko. he joins us anton again welcome how was the dialogue? what statements were made? yes, welcome, the dialogue was held exclusively in a constructive and