lighthouse 75 years later documents that no one has yet seen the most secret enterprise in russia opens its archives and production sites. the name of the topic, what would it mean, developments were underway.

mysterious light in the vaults of the plant, how can people be treated with it? well , we will not see such lighting anywhere else. what does the legendary lighthouse produce today and how do they control radiation safety, i don’t want what the first people experienced? is it possible to make nuclear energy practically waste-free, what is the future like? nuclear industry in russia, how do we understand the future of nuclear energy? of course, it's uh, the west's two-component nuclear power industry by the fuel cycle. this means that with the processing of fuel, uh, its remanufacturing by maximum receptling, namely, in these competencies, mayak is a super

professional. the most secret city in the history of russia, ozersk , was not on the maps and until 1954 it did not even have its own name base, 10, chelyabinsk 40 or sorokovka, chelyabinsk 65. like its city-forming enterprise, the plant from the day of its formation 75 years ago, the lighthouse appeared in all documents exclusively under code names. plant number 817 , then plant number 817 or the yuzhnouralsk office of the ussr glavgorstroy is located in the main

production archive of the mayak association, a powerful nuclear plant. this is yes from the main archive rooms. the lighthouse is called the cradle of russia's nuclear industries, it is here, under the heading top secret, at the end of the forties of the xx century, that the foundations of the country's nuclear shield were laid. produced weapons-grade plutonium for the first atomic bombs they did not have to know what exactly they were doing in the other. declassified documents now , decades later, are read like a detective novel , for example, a document. it would seem that. well, here is shirokov, the head of the central factory laboratory

, writes comrade semyonov , here he is healed , a plan is sent to study the behavior of standard metal blocks of tin in molds

he put it in a vertical position and realized that those shortcomings that exist in the american design can be eliminated in a vertical position, he immediately reported this to kurchatov, who immediately supported him. igor vasilyevich kurchatov was able to prove during the palchubey that the vertical structure is more reliable , later our reactor fired up. this is where you feel so good that the americans later began to build reactors in a vertical position. declassify archives for that is, closed administrative-territorial entities began quite recently in the nineties of the xx

century. this document has not yet appeared in the public domain, the act of acceptance of the object, and the annushki of the first reactor of the lighthouse, in the opinion of the layman, are ordinary technical documentation, and in fact, the real certificate of the birth of a new industry in the country, the atomic passport of the first industrial nuclear reactor of the soviet union, it was drawn up in the hands of 30 december 1949, and this document has all the information regarding the design.

from archival documents, you can now learn about in the working conditions of people in the early years, and not in regular situations , much less was known about how they learned to protect themselves from radiation, sometimes at the cost of the health of employees, in those years than today. we had already arrived. the building had already supplied the equipment . the chemical apparatuses already had them, but they were not yet covered with lead protection, and they were already here for konstantin tikhonov. june 2 marks 100

years. konstantin ivanovich i cordially congratulate you on your anniversary, you have experienced the hardships of the great patriotic post-war hardships. i believe in a just cause, in goodness and justice, we wish you good spirits and all the best president of the russian federation vladimir vladimirovich putin at mayak, he worked as a dosimetrist technician at a radiochemical plant, he caught an accident in 1957, when almost everything that was at the enterprise had to be decontaminated, says that he himself received doses radiation, especially his war-wounded knee felt the radiation. and i wish that what the first people experienced was difficult

, the procedures were very dangerous, which technologists, then liquidated. it still worked. that's a lot has already been done to work safely. you know, sometimes the state has such moments when you can’t get by. and where to go? because the state was well aware of the threat and they understood that if we do not

have such weapons, there will be forces that will strive to bring our beautiful homeland to its knees. my god, with the country , soviet scientists, atomic engineers, perform august 29, 1949, the date of testing the first soviet atomic bomb, unique footage from beacon archive and flashes of fractions of a second, the luminous area expanded at the beginning at a speed of about 200 km/s. why did this speed drop to three kilometers per second , the surface temperature, the luminous area reached 25,000 degrees. less than 4 years have passed since the construction of plant number 817, and

only about a year after the launch. the now legendary a1 anushka reactor is almost 40 years old according to the project. as it turns out decades later from the fbi documents declassified in 2014, this rds-1 explosion or, as it was later called in the west, jo-1 occurred just in time. in 2014, journalist thomas mayer in his book said that churchill in 1947 tried to persuade us president harry truman to drop 300 nuclear bombs on dozens of cities in the ussr, the operation was called unthinkable and was developed in the deepest secret. the fiftieth year did not take place.

here is the creation of a nuclear reactor, the creation here in ozyorsk, this is the beacon of plant 817 , the test of the first bomb, saved the world from a nuclear catastrophe, as you like, you can understand it pompously not pompously, but in fact the plans to strike against targets on territory of the soviet union you can probably now here, looking at the history of the soviet say that the first fundamental part of the first nuclear project. he stood firmly on three points of support - this is a laboratory. this is sarov and this is the plant then 817 to the current mayak enterprise and if obninsk and a. sarov this is more of a head. if you want the brains of the project, then, of course, the lighthouse - this is his heart was created, without which the bomb is impossible. it

would be august 29, 1949, when the soviet union demonstrated that assumed logical technology competencies and began a very difficult path, as well towards the restoration of nuclear parity. well, in fact , ensuring the defense capability of the security of our country. there was a time when seven nuclear reactors were working at the plant at the same time , five of them were uranium graphite for another two years water, and in total there were 10 reactors at mayak. and this at a time when there were only 17 of them in the entire soviet union , the attitude towards the rector as a living creature and when you have worked for so many years, when you find yourself in various situations, as well as critical situations happen. when you already begin to feel all these systems of work of the system of elements, when you see how the reactor

responds to the impact , you already begin to treat the reactor as a living organism. you just feel when, where and what needs to be done to make it work in normal mode. another small well-known page in the history of the lighthouse, the implementation of the so-called great uranium deal in 1993, russia and the united states entered into an agreement that is still considered one of the largest achievements in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. v in accordance with this document, russia undertook to decommission and process 500 tons of weapons-grade uranium from the former soviet republics, and the united states had to buy the resulting low enriched uranium and this task was solved.

we also have our production, what is highly enriched in nuclear charges, uranium is used in treats to a very high degree, let's say much higher than 20%, and in power reactors uranium is used with an enrichment of up to four percent, then the uranium-235 isotope, so it was necessary appropriate uh preparation of this material to conduct highly enriched uranium was transferred to a low enriched uranium and further into energy for conventional power reactors, which the industry as a result, over the 20 years of the agreement at five russian enterprises, including mayak, hundreds of tons of highly enriched uranium were processed by the parties completely fulfilled their obligations, but the most important historical moment, russia

remained the only nuclear weapon and a power in the post-soviet space, the risk of possible proliferation was prevented. the legendary beacon today is still an enterprise, oh, the work of which is much and will not be told secretly. it is known that the state defense order fulfills strictly. but that is not a secret at all, the production has big plans for the future. lighthouse is the atomic heart of russia, here everything began all production. and i think that a new wave of development for the nuclear industry will also come from here. we formulated in the form of a strategy. enterprises 20-30, which is 10 years from now. it is the global leader in nuclear technology in the world. and subnuclear technologies. we we understand not just the handling of fissile materials, but the whole cycle from

construction design. as a matter of fact, the production and before the decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities, the work of the cobalt 60 radio medicine beacon is now cooled in the cooling pool and the vavilov cherenkov effect shines on such facilities. gamma rays can also be useful, for example. as a source of ionizing radiation for radiomedicine , it is precisely this production that diagnoses and treats severe oncological diseases with its help. just now actively developed at mayak

, more than half of all isotope products in russia and 30% of the total world volume of radioisotopes are produced here. ke carry out the manufacture of sources based on cobalt of the sixtieth, and which are literally used in medicine. recently, uh, we released the first source, which was an analogue of the source, rural, 46 production. in canada , import substitution took place, which now our oncologists can install in the apparatus for the operator, and literally at the end of last year , the first reloading took place. radiation from sources very powerful, therefore, employees at the enterprise call them apparatchiks work exclusively with the help of manipulators, but with a jeweler's accuracy , the size of the capsule is sometimes only 3 mm, that

one of them, uh, said that with the help of a manipulator he used this needle a day. in addition to medicine, ionizing radiation is actively used, for example, in the food, oil and gas and paper industries, international sanctions have made adjustments to supplies from foreign partners. some of them even terminated their contracts; now the task for the lighthouse is as soon as possible. find new markets and offer customers a comprehensive service for these sources can be given a second life. produces active raw materials are extracted from undercutting and reused to make new products. we use already irradiated raw materials. and there is no need to train him because of the operation of the reactor installations, and the volume of the formed radioactive approach is also reduced.

preparation of a transport container that was fueled with nuclear fuel for sending a container larger than 200 mm for processing, and this solid metal, respectively, the container provides protection for the contents loaded on the supplier. without exaggeration, many stages of production at mayak are unique, for example, it was here that they developed the technology for converting nuclear fuel that had already been spent in a reactor into

raw material for new fuel. here it is also glowing in the holding pools and is being prepared for processing. our plant is the only one in russia that processes nuclear fuel coming from nuclear power plants in our country, the fuel goes to the plant in goryachiy form, in order to cool it, we carry out the process of cooling down before transferring it for temporary storage to the storage pool. after cooling, the fuel is sent for processing to the workshop. there it is crushed , dissolved and all valuable elements are isolated from it, which can then be reused. we are located on the central control path number two of the radiochemical plant, and at this point people manage the technical process for the precipitation of plutonium by refining it, also separating the purification of uranium, we are developing a marketable

products. it's plutonium dioxide. uh, three damage to the taxi driver. modern methods of purification of uranium and plutonium, of course, are much safer for people than those that were used 70 years ago. now at mayak they process fuel from nuclear power plants, transport power plants, reactors of research centers at the enterprise, they even developed a special technology for handling uranium with zirconium fuel from nuclear icebreakers, this has never been done in the world, no one has done plutonium before. uh, all accumulated in vaults. that is, it has not been used in recent years , a number of studies have been carried out on the use of our plutonium in the form of dioxide. as a raw material for the production of could fuel. that is , this so-called closed fuel cycle in more detail the refining process does not disclose a trade secret. it is known that

such fuel is called mox. it is now produced by nago at the chemical plant in zheleznogorsk, but the first assemblies were assembled at mayak and it has been successfully tested for several years at the beloyarsk nuclear power plant. at the station, the issue of safety was paid attention from the very first days at the grand opening of the pool there was such a case the delegation that was present observed the following the head of the shop scooped up condensate from the pool with a mug and completely drained this mug drank then this mug was stored in his office the head of the shop stood on the safe for a very long time lived and was in good health and felt great safety for the lighthouse, and today a special issue is not only the maximum observance of the regulations during ongoing work. well and in the elimination of the so-called nuclear legacy of the ussr, it is now a task

of national importance to recognize that at the turn of creation. in the industry at the turn of creating new enterprises, we did not always care about our future, but the responsibility of our current generation is to eliminate just all these consequences, which is what not only history is actively doing, but today and tomorrow rosatom cannot imagine without the development of electricity, a lighthouse, and in this i mean, of course, there is room for development and there is great potential for the young people who are studying and coming here today. she is mine how it works today more than 12,000 people are employed in production. and it's not just dynasties. someone comes to ozyorsk on purpose now the city is marked on the maps and it is easy to find it. i will tell you. i didn't just stay and work at mayak. i first went to moscow and lived there for 6 years. he got an education and realized that there is no better city on earth than

ozyorsk and the mayak enterprise and returned. he served in the army here and started working here. you ask why. and everything, simply, firstly, i love the urals. i love our city. here we live together, people here are active, because here we have mountains and rivers, people go hiking and paint pictures. eh, they write beautiful poems about what they see. dmitry also works with radiation, but with other x-rays he studies materials using an industrial tomograph, he gladly shows what equipment he uses to conduct research. today we are already in the future, because we are surrounded, and such technologies, er, which we could not have thought of us a few years ago, they are simply available. more about what are engaged in. he and his colleagues dmitry cannot tell in secret, like much

of what is now produced at the legendary enterprise, this has been the case since the founding of the lighthouse, which has always been and remains at the forefront of the latest nuclear technologies and will be so for many more years. and when the neck will be removed from these developments, it is not known.

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