what would mean the developments were carried out? the mysterious light in the vaults of the plant, how it can be used to treat people is quite beautiful, it is unique, so to speak , we will not see such lighting anywhere else. what is produced today at the legendary mayak and how radiation safety is controlled, they don’t want what the first people experienced nuclear energy with practically no waste, what is the future of the nuclear industry in russia, as we understand the future of nuclear energy, of course, this is a two- component nuclear power fuel cycle, which means that with the processing of fuel, uh, its remanufacturing of the maximum recipes, namely, in these competencies, mayak

is a super professional. the most secret city in the history of russia, ozersk, did not appear on the maps and until 1954 it did not even have its own name, base, 10 , chelyabinsk 40 or sorokovka, chelyabinsk 65. like its city-forming enterprise, the mayaks combine, which was not formed 75 years ago, appeared exclusively in all documents under code names. plant number 817 then plant number 817 or yuzhnouralskaya

office of the glavgorstroy of the ussr mayak is called the cradle of the nuclear industry in russia, it is here, under the heading top secret, at the end of the forties of the 20th century , that the foundations of the country's nuclear shield were laid. they produced weapons-grade plutonium for the first atomic bombs. in those years, employees of one department should not have known what exactly declassified documents were doing in another. now, decades later, they read like a detective novel, for example, a document. it would seem that. well, here is shirokov of the factory laboratory, comrade semyonov writes for the study

behavior of standard metal crystallization blocks. what is known today about the first days of the secret megaproject of the ussr and the fact that, for example, tens of thousands of people dug a pit for the reactor, and prisoners and civilians from equipment worked, while jackhammers and 3,000 horses took the soil several kilometers into the forest, building materials were also delivered in wagons or on tanks, with towers, equipment was periodically sucked into the swamp; the first years they lived in dugouts and tents. first, the pit was dug in length, the reactor was planned to be horizontal, as already in operation with the americans.

can be ruled out the vertical position of this, he immediately reported to kurchatov, who instantly. igor vasilyevich kurchatov was able to prove during the palchubey that the vertical structure is more reliable , later our reactor fired up. it is so good here that the americans later began to build reactors in a vertical position. the declassification of archives for, that is , closed administrative-territorial entities began quite recently in

the nineties of the xx century. this document is also the act of acceptance of the facility did not appear in wide access, and the annushki of the first reactor of the lighthouse, in the opinion of the layman, are ordinary technical documentation, and in fact, the real certificate of the birth of a new industry in the country, the atomic passport of the first industrial nuclear reactor of the soviet union, is in hand. the original document was drawn up on december 30, 1949, and this document contains all the information regarding the installation. and for researchers, of course, of course, this document is of great great importance kurchatov himself uploaded here. we have the first reactor was involved in loading channels.

vannikov himself laid the blocks, general vannikov, boris lvovich. he stood in the central hall, watched, he carried him away. vanka also came up to fold these clouds. this is how it works from archival documents. now you can learn about the working conditions of people in the first years, and not regular situations, about how they learned to protect themselves from radiation, sometimes at the cost of the health of employees in those years , the possible consequences of exposure were known much less than today the equipment was already supplied to the apparatus. there have already been chemicals. they were not yet covered with lead protection, but they were already here. konstantin at

tikhonov's, june 2 turned 100 years old, dear konstantin ivanovich, i cordially congratulate you on your anniversary . well, all of our people survived, saved the country, preserved faith in a just cause in goodness and justice. i wish you good spirits and all the best president of the russian federation vladimir vladimirovich putin congratulations. at mayak , he worked as a technician as a dosimetrist radiochemical plant caught the accident of the fifty-seventh year, when it was necessary to decontaminate almost everything that was at the enterprise, he says that he himself received doses of radiation, especially his knee, wounded in the war, felt the radiation. don't you wish for what the first people experienced. you technology

was complicated, there were very dangerous procedures, which the technologists, then eliminated it . i worked. we have already done a lot to work safely. you know, it happens with the state. uh, these are the moments when not you will manage, and where to go, and the government is necessary.

soviet scientists and engineers fulfilled my duty to the country on august 29 , 1949 , the date of testing the first soviet atomic bomb . why did this speed drop to three kilometers per second ? the surface temperature of the luminous area reached 25,000°. less than 4 years have passed since the start

of the construction of plant number 817 and only about a year after the launch. now legendary reactor a1 anushka under the project turned out to be almost 40 years old. later from fbi documents declassified in 2014 in the west in 2014, journalist thomas mayer in his book said that churchill in 1947 tried to persuade us president harry truman to drop 300 nuclear bombs on dozens of cities in the ussr, the operation was called unthinkable and was developed in the deepest secret.

the fiftieth year did not take place. here is the creation of a nuclear reactor, the creation here in ozyorsk , this is the beacon of plant 817, testing the first bomb, saved the world from a nuclear catastrophe, as anything can be understood grandiloquently not grandiloquently, but the plans to strike against targets on the territory of the soviet union actually stopped . you can probably now here, looking at the history of the soviet project, it must be said that the first is a fundamental part of the first nuclear project. he stood firmly on three points of support - this is a laboratory. this is sarov and this, and the combine is then 817 the current enterprise mayak, and if obninsk and a, sarov this is rather the head. if you want the brains of the project, then, of course, mayak -

this is his heart was created, without which bomb is impossible. it would have been august 29, 1949, when the soviet demonstrated that he had similar technology competencies and began a very difficult path to restoring nuclear parity. well, in fact, ensuring the defense capability of the security of our country. there was a time when seven nuclear reactors five worked at the plant at the same time, of which there were uranium graphite, two more water inlets, and in total there were 10 reactors at mayak. and this at a time when there were only 17 of them in the entire soviet union, the rector was treated as a living creature. a when you have worked for so many years, when you find yourself in various situations, as well as a critical situation happens. when you already begin to feel all these systems , the work of the system of elements, when you see how

the reactor responds to the impact , you already begin to treat the reactor as a living organism. you just feel when, where and what needs to be done to make it work. another little known page in the history of the lighthouse, the implementation of the so-called great uranium deal in 1993, russia and the united states concluded an agreement is still considered one of the greatest achievements in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. in accordance with this document, russia undertook to decommission and process 500 tons of weapons- grade uranium from the former soviet republics, and the united states had to buy the resulting low enriched uranium and this task was solved. we also have our production, what is highly enriched in nuclear charges

is used by uranium treats to a very high degree, let's say much higher than 20%, and in power reactors it is used by a knapsack treat up to four percent of the uranium-235 isotope, so it was necessary to carry out the appropriate e-e preparation of this material . as a result, over the 20 years of the agreement at five russian enterprises , including mayak, hundreds of tons of highly enriched uranium were processed, the parties fully fulfilled their obligations, but

the most important historical moment, russia remained the only nuclear power in the world. post-soviet. in space, the risk of possible spread has been averted. the legendary beacon today is still an enterprise, oh, the work of which is much and will not be told secretly. it is known that the state defense order fulfills the nude tangentially. but that is not a secret at all, the production has big plans for the future. mayak is russia's nuclear network this is where all production began, and i think that the new wave of development for the nuclear industry will also start from here. we formulated in the form of a strategy. enterprises 20-30, which is 10 years from now. this global leader of nuclear technologies in the world, and subnuclear technologies. we understand not just the handling of fissile materials,

but the whole cycle from construction design. as a matter of fact, the production and decommissioning of nuclear energy facilities is one of the promising areas of operation of the radio medicine beacon, sources of cobalt 60 are now cooled in the cooling pool and the vavilov cherenkov effect glows. it is unique, so to speak. nowhere else such a feeling, we will not see similar objects on such objects. gamma rays can be and useful, for example. as a source of ionizing radiation for radiomedicine , it is precisely this

production that diagnoses and treats severe oncological diseases with its help. right now , mayak is actively developing more than half of all isotope products in russia and 30% of the total world volume of radioisotopes. you manufacture sources based on cobalt 60, and which are literally used in medicine recently, uh , we released the first source, uh, which was an analogue of the si-146 source production in canada , import substitution took place, which now in our oncology can be stopped in the apparatus of operators, and literally at the end of last year , the first recharge was carried out. the radiation from the sources is very powerful, so the employees at the enterprise call them apparatchiks work exclusively with the help of manipulators, but with a jeweler's accuracy

, the size of the capsule is sometimes only 3 mm. . in addition to medicine, ionizing radiation is actively apply, for example, in the food, oil and gas and paper industries, international sanctions have made adjustments to supplies from foreign partners. some of them terminated the contracts altogether and now the task for the lighthouse is as soon as possible. find new markets and offer customers a one-stop service for these sources can be given a second life by producing from cutting active raw materials and reused to make new products. we use already irradiated raw materials. and there's no need for it to teach not to use the reactor plant, and the amount of

radioactive waste generated is also reduced. ki of the transport container, having worked out with nuclear fuel for sending for processing . the wall thickness of the container is more than 200 mm and it is solid metal, respectively, the container provides protection for the contents loaded at the supplier. without exaggeration, many stages of production at mayak are unique, for example, it was here that they developed the technology for converting

nuclear fuel already spent in a reactor into raw material for new fuel. here it is too glows in the holding pools and is being prepared for processing. our plant is the only one in russia that processes nuclear fuel , the fuel coming from the nuclear power plants of our country enters the plant in hot form, in order to cool it, we carry out the process of cooling down before transferring it to the storage pool for temporary storage. after cooling, the fuel is sent for processing to the workshop. there it is crushed , dissolved and all valuable elements are isolated from it, which can then be reused. we are on the central control path of shop-2 of the radiochemical plant. at this point , people manage their process of plutonium precipitation by refining it, as well as separating

and refining uranium, we are turning out commercial products. it's plutonium dioxide. uh, three damage to the taxi driver. modern methods of purification of uranium and plutonium, of course, are much safer for people than those that were used 70 years ago. now at mayak they process fuel from nuclear power plants, transport power plants, reactors of scientific centers at the enterprise, they even developed no one in the world has ever done such a special technology for handling uranium with zirconium fuel from nuclear icebreakers, no one has done it before. we used to have plutonium. uh, all accumulated in vaults. that is, it has not been used in recent years , a number of studies have been carried out on the use of our plutonium in the form of dioxide as a raw material for the production of fuel. that is, it is the so-called closed fuel cycle. in more detail, the processing process is not

disclosed as a trade secret. it is known that such fuel is called mox. it is now produced by mountain-chemical plant in zheleznogorsk, but the first assemblies were assembled at mayak and it has been successfully tested for several years at the beloyarsk nuclear power plant , attention was paid to the issue of safety, the very first days at the grand opening of the pool there was such a case, the delegation that was present observed the following shop manager crossed out the condensate from the pool with a mug and completely drained this mug. drank further. this mug was kept in his office, stood on the safe , the head of the shop lived for a very long time and was in good health and felt great safety for lighthouse, and today a special issue is important not only for the maximum observance of the regulations during current work, but also during the liquidation of the so- called. the nuclear legacy of the ussr is now

a task of national importance, it must be honestly admitted that at the turn of the creation of an industry at the turn of the creation of new enterprises. we have not always cared about our future, but the responsibility of our current generation is to eliminate all these consequences, which is what not only history is actively doing, but today and tomorrow they think without development. uh, lighthouse and in this sense, of course however, there is room for development and there is great potential, and for the young people who are studying today and come to work at the lighthouse , more than 12,000 people are employed today in production. and these are not only dynasties, someone comes to ozyorsk on purpose; now the city is marked on maps and it is easy to find it. i 'll tell you, i didn't just stay and work at mayak. i first went to moscow and lived there for 6 years. i got an education, i realized that there is no better

city on earth than ozyorsk and the mayak enterprise and returned here served in the army and started working here. you ask why. and everything, simply, firstly, i love the urals. i love our city. here we live together, people are active here, because here we have mountains and rivers, people go hiking and paint pictures write beautiful poems about what they see dmitry also works with radiation, but with other x-rays he studies materials using an industrial tomograph happy to show on what equipment he conducts research. today we are already in the future, because we are surrounded, and such technologies, and which we had a few years ago. couldn't think we weren't there, they're just available.

dmitry cannot tell more about what exactly his colleagues are doing, as much of what is now produced at the legendary enterprise has been the same since the founding of the lighthouse, which has always been and remains at the forefront of the latest nuclear technologies. so there will be many more years. and when the neck will be removed from these developments, it is not known.

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