this is our destiny. on the air of the international review in the studio of fyodor lukyanov today in the program of the international review of the event week of chronicles. a phenomenon of popularity in the 21st century features of world practice of its time

the fate of field commanders flight of the valkyries overturks to the third act of richard wagner's opera valkyrie from the tetralogy of the nibelungen ring the great german composer would have been surprised 140 years after his death. it is strongly associated with combat. first, thanks to a scene from francis ford's apocalypse today, domes later, because that wagner has become a global brand of private military companies the events of the week around the attempted mutiny in russia raised the question of

the right of force and the right to inflict. whether it remains the monopoly of the state or it can be delegated by a private entity. well, in general, how the formula works in the 21st century. mao zeng rifle gives birth to power and what would be the concepts and the rifle. in the sense of a harsh force impact, power, as a set of methods of control, is not the same as at the dawn of the future great corruptly significant armed formations by which the state does not manage or does not directly exist always about history later, while we discuss the phenomenon of private military companies on hearing they are 20 years since the us invasion of iraq perhaps the most famous pmc can be considered an american black actor in the nineties it was listed as a security services agency with

little training based in north carolina, but thanks to lobbyists, she received the first major government contract and laid the foundation for the boom of man at its origins was the navy seal eric prince and one of the former cia leaders kofer black, retired commando prince comes from a very wealthy family. his father is a billionaire, one of the richest men in michigan and a major gop donor, and his sister was trump's secretary of education under black coffee , a veteran cia officer who coordinated the fight against terrorism in the georgie bush administration and was at the forefront of the fight against al-qaeda even before on september 11 , the us administration paid for the services of mercenaries indirectly, and after the third year the company took part in military operations. turemen and afghanistan collaborated with the pentagon in the fight against drug trafficking , eliminated the consequences of natural disasters, protected

state institutions from looters, banks and telecommunications. at the same time , lawsuits were repeatedly sent to her address in the case of the killings of civilians in iraq and the smuggling of weapons. as a result. it was renamed several times until the activities of pmcs were closed in austria and germany, generally regulated like commercial companies, and data on their operations are not disclosed so much about the german asgard. it is only known that the backbone is made up of retired military personnel from the bundeswehr who specialize in information security, escort of military and civilian convoys , cargo delivery and protection. , and the personnel has about 800,000

people in the middle of the two thousandth alive furs was at the center of high-profile scandals in connection with murders, fraud, torture and strikes by employees amid human rights violations, but this did not prevent the company from continuing its work, as for france , since 2003, mercenarism has been punishable by law there, while at least 130 so-called private military security companies are registered in the country that provide bodyguard services . some mistakenly classify them as pmcs, the french foreign legion is also a military formation, but it has never been private. maria small from mgimo she has been studying this phenomenon for a long time maria hello. here i am i understand that pmc is such a folklore name, and if a more correct legal definition of a

exists, a more correct definition, uh, a private military company is really like that. well, perhaps, the generally accepted concept, but hmm , the definition that we have is this. uh, the definition given in enrique bylister's report to the special representative for human rights, and on the issue of the prohibition of mercenarism. he called this phenomenon, a private company in the field of security and gave another definition, a private company in the field of security consulting, training training and so on, and military consulting of course, this is actually what we can catch on to, these what term can we call this phenomenon, but exist in russian practice difficulties in translation, because not in american in any in any other practice, there is no such thing as a private military company in law, uh, we translate into russian, either as a private military company, or as a private

military security company and this knocks the chair down, because the security component. he it can be different, so to speak. this is what we translate into russian. this is not exactly the sphere of security, it is correct to say that a private military company in the field of security and safety - this is a whole range of measures that such companies actually carry out. in 2012, a retired turkish army general one tan riverdi set up an international private military consulting company saded besides consulting. she is in charge of personnel training and logistics for the turkish western turkish army. the media is not happy to report the participation of military pmcs conflicts, including in the training of fighters of the syrian free army opposing assad, and in 2020, the us authorities suspected sada of transferring syrian fighters to support the libyan government of national accord in tripoli.

the opposition inside turkey is worried that this is erdogan’s personal army, which he could use during the elections if he lost. however, he had to leave erdogan’s adviser, the nose continues to operate outside turkey , unlike the united states and western countries, there are no large private military companies. but there is a lot of experience of informal detachments, just remember the volunteers in the korean war or the practice of the vietnam war today, china has small private firms that guard chinese industrial facilities and chinese businessmen in different countries of the world, the largest of them is shandong. ava. security groups. the office of the organization is located on the territory of south africa. also, chinese oil facilities are guarded by a pmc from beijing called alpha angel, which includes former members of the special forces. mostly. they not armed. china is trying not to attract

scandalous attention. the media, as it was with the american pmc balakoder, ironically, its founder, by the way, works for a company from hong kong and is engaged in projects in africa , well-trained chinese fighters were in the shadows until the action movie war of the wolves or as it is also called boe. howl wolf the plot is just a retired special forces fighter gets a job in a pmc somewhere in africa along the way requisitions a gang of somali pirates at a new duty station fights against pmcs from europe who seek to destroy the business of the chinese, the film became so popular that in 2017 a sequel was shot. but actually in the united states, what is it called? is this legally called a private security contractor?

if in english, or a private company in the field of security, the security campaign is called that and this is a very wide field, that is, uh , it is the security of the united states, well, it simply includes, well , almost everything, yes, we know that, but uh, general public. well, use folklore i learned the name from the pmc, probably when the war in iraq began, they started talking. that's about these, so to speak, american security companies. and did they really appear around then in their modern form, i mean, and, uh, what . if you try to generalize there some types of varieties of these companies in the world, and there are two points of view on when modern private wars of the company appeared, then one says that the first registered such company in the field of security was called watch gard.

international, it was the company, it appeared in 1967, and it was founded by david sterling, which means it is a retired officer, and who stood at the origins of the creation of the british air force and the company arose, so to speak, as a result of the yemeni british secret mercenary operation hmm, and the actual plan was the following, that this company will provide security services for the uk for the benefit of the uk in those countries. uh, means, uh, with which the british. well, some kind of good relationship, or there are interests. uh, and this concerned, say, the training of the training of the armed forces, in such countries and so on. well, david sterling basically couldn't resist and went into mercenary contracts and in 1972 the company was shut down, and the other way of looking at when these companies started is that, well, let's say we have a din-core company, world-wide known, she worked very hard in yugoslavia am. so

she says that we were created in 1946, in fact, they were not really engaged in air transport, but in military air transport at that time, but as a company, it was formed and registered with this name in 1987. that is, through mergers and acquisitions. we have come to the conclusion that we know how din-core is the same pools. uh, the largest, then again, the supplier of air means military air equipment and transport. and hmm, it also began at the end of the 19th century and through multiple mergers and acquisitions in the ninety- ninth year. we they learned how to sit down about asya the same. jay furs moreover jay furs she originated in 2004 exactly with this name, and before that, starting there in denmark as a small company, and it developed, it developed, it conquered markets for its own, which means that either and countries entered them and, uh,

actually bought it in some year. so, the oldest pinkerton detective agency in the united states, whose year of birth is 1950 850, so actually, where do we count from? here, uh, means these companies. it seems to me here, so to speak, mmm, it is not as important as we think, what kind of periodization we have. how much is that involved in these companies to their emergence were people somehow connected with the armed forces, but with the army, but hmm , so to speak, or it was david the tyrant, who went from mercenary so to speak, he had a smooth transition. he was originally in this area. and or, so to speak, these are people who hmm understood the trends and saw that there are prospects in this and gradually formed their own business. that's aside say this famous one can be bloated uh, blackwater and a man with a handsome prince. and somehow they qualitatively changed, or they just have some kind of marketing, well

, the point is that the black water company is so say, well, she became famous thanks to her contracts. in iraq, thanks to this high-profile episode, when the peaceful civilians of the raks were also killed, peaceful citizens mm. and after that, she endured there, which means, uh, several names were changed , several owners, and several, so to speak. so she left these contracts and focused more on training and staff training. so to speak, i try to get away from my mean unfavorable and not plausible past. and eric prince. this can be said to ostap bender of today, he's absolutely not that's his enterprise. you can, of course, envy and learn. hmm , he founded the company, which means i am fronting the e, service in registering it in hong kong and yi worked for a very long time.

with uh, china, that is, under contracts with china, that is, it cannot be said that the united states has some very warm relations with china not at all, but nevertheless, to say this to him, it means that it did not interfere with working with, uh, chinese companies. in the field of business. he provided services, and until 2021 , then it means he ceased to be, so to speak, so to speak, the shareholder in this company is the chinese. now they own e his frontier, ah, but he is mired in all sorts of legal proceedings. here is the problem we are currently facing. this is not a regulated legal status. now everyone is talking about this and, apparently, this issue will somehow be resolved here, but in the world. on what basis do these companies operate? on the basis of the national legislation of certain countries, and even the most developed of them, of course, we see in the usa this is the most developed legislation that, in general, can be to say, what keeps up with the times and does not lag behind their companies, that is, e, so

to speak, new technologies. mm are perceived by companies. well, the legislation, too, means it is trying to regulate these new spheres, so to speak, there are a lot of laws written on this topic. uh, and they are constantly being supplemented, amended , and so on. and we can say that an example of american law. this is such an example of strict regulation. hmm. but let's say, the uk is a little different there, there is no such strict legislation regarding british private military companies and if we say to compare these two countries, then american private military companies have more contracts with states. well, that is, this is the department of defense pentagon usa state department, and so on. well , of course, the contracts with the pentagon, they are classified, and we are, in general, here, so to speak. well, here's a white spot that we can't look at and figure out what

kind of contract actually is and what companies are interested in, uh , that means the pentagon, uh, what services are they interested in, what is it? unfortunately, we cannot to a lesser extent, american businesses are attracted by such companies, they also want to attract them, but the uk, on ​​the contrary, has more contracts with these companies with businesses, and they work a lot inside the uk , that is, say, telecommunications giants. e british market. they hire such private war companies to protect, so to speak, and their objects, and besides, in the uk there are private prisons and jay-forces, which i said above. anyway, she owns a few of them and erm. the drag of the uk does not seek to be heavily regulated. this business is on its own territory, because it relies more on the business community, which will regulate itself.

that's better than if the state intervenes, and this is also understandable, this is probably such a historical moment , because there were guilds and craftsmen in the 17th century in great britain, and they themselves knew who they would let into the market, who they would not let, that is, so to speak unreliable people were not allowed. and it has remained so, that is, trust in business in britain, it is higher than, say, the confidence of the state. well, that is, as i understand from your description, what to imagine a march. uh, jay furse or the blacklighter at white hall or the pentagon is pretty hard there? yes, i think that's good, then probably the last question, what's curious. eh, this kind of activity, in addition to business and in addition to the power component, is often surrounded by such romance. fleur. gentlemen of good luck, filibusters are also a tradition. god forbid, but in other countries it also exists or is it purely in business everything, it seems to me, is romance. a more pragmatic world no longer exists here, maybe it once existed, and

it seems to me, to put it this way, it seems to us that it was precisely when we read some historical, so here are the aspects of this market. yes, this is in general the development of this phenomenon. i don't think today. at least i didn't come across. that's some kind of romantic motivation in- you're researching them thanks a lot. mary was with you. don't be sinai. military companies operating on a commercial basis business, but also a certain type of people prone to risk, believing in blood and soil , such characters come to the fore during periods of state words and between conditional conflicts andreikovich. this is familiar not only because he studies the socio-political process. andrei is from croatia. and in the balkans, the nineties , the time of the war, and very bright, albeit scary characters. one of the most

famous field commanders of the bosnian war was ratko, mladic, under his leadership for 4 years, the siege of sarajevo was conducted. on july 1995, a piece of silver was taken in the west, it is believed that thousands of serb civilians were killed - this is denied, but the tribunal of the former yugoslavia found mladdic guilty and sentenced another hero of the bosnian war to life imprisonment. serp zheka ronatovich nicknamed. arkan hurricane even before the yugoslav conflict. he robbed banks of jewelry stores in europe in october 1990. he created a paramilitary group, the serbian volunteer guard , the core of which was made up of football fans. club. red star in bosnia, they were also called tigers. arcana grouping. earned a reputation as one of the most productive divisions of the serbs. after ending in the russian war, roznatovic lived in belgrade and

was shot dead in 2000 during a business meeting in a hotel on the other side of the front. there were field commanders. among them is a former general of the yugoslav army. the chief of staff of the croatian defense council is slobodan. the gaga tribunal proleg found him guilty of massacres and ethnic purges among serbs and bosniaks project an accusation and in 2017 committed suicide by drinking. right in the courtroom in gaga, i tried three other croatian generals. yanka grandmother rakhima adami and mirko noracent. they allegedly did not stop the philistinism of their military against the serbian population during the operation medal pocket on the territory of the republika srpska of extreme bosnia and herzegovina. september 93. adami was acquitted. babette died in 2003 before gaga's extradition. well, he spent 10 years in

a croatian prison. and in 2011 he was released it is noteworthy that the kosovo albanians who participated in another yugoslav war in kosovo and the 1998-99 metohi were fully acquitted, although serious charges of kidnapping and trafficking in human organs were brought against them. this is hashim tachi, nicknamed the snake and ramush. hardinay, nicknamed smile, was the first leader of the so-called kosovo liberation army, the other was its chief of staff. andrey, whom do you remember? when it comes to the balkan wars of the end of the last century, first of all, arkan želka a man with a criminal past who was associated with the yugoslav security services his serbian, armed formation fought in bosnia another figure ladan naleitević, the croatian version of the same

in herzegovina, paradzhik, an extreme croatian nationalist, in general, a typical story, the state does not have enough strength to effectively wage war, and it gives this function to croatia in a row, for example, at the time of the collapse, yugoslavia did not have an army from scratch, serbia began milosevic, he could not rely on the yugoslav people's army mood. in her were generally pro-serbian, but the conscripts did not want to fight, yes, and they did not know how, and the officers and generals had a rather weak mood. well, there were simply not enough people, therefore, in combat. and outside of serbia , milosevic relied on the police forces, which actually ended up in the position of private armed forces. moreover, the state officially denied them often. well, informal groups. how successful. they fought very successfully motivated, mostly volunteers with

a variety of combat experience. all there quite a lot of people from the diaspora were present on the serbian side there was such a captain, dragon was not even called by his last name. he was assembling a semblance of a foreign legion. it turned out frighteningly for the croats the formation of braids. they were all somewhat reminiscent of the azov battalion, people with extremely wrong views , fans of sasha but dashing, warriors, similar to the serbs. well, it turns out that they were ideologically very motivated, definitely. yes, on the croatian side of the serbian one, the same arkan had a rich criminal past. including sweden and scandinavia in general has always been vkontakte with the yugoslav secret services. let's just say that i solved some issues with the diaspora for them . the arcana also had commercial interests, by the way, any war of this kind contains an element of looting, but worldview played a role. they were not highly professional military mercenaries with very high salaries, like modern worms. and

then what happened to them all with croatia and the state quickly put an end to the activities of such formations, as soon as they created a regular army of field commanders, who tried to get out of control. they just eliminated the anti-paradzhik. blessed are the rabbits of serbia, such characters were always under the control of the secret service , and it was often difficult to draw a line between them . arcana was eventually shot, but this was probably due to the commercial competition of the brand. but now these dashing people are still remembered as heroes in croatia they want to forget about the past installation on europe although there are always nationalists, a minority who clings to this kind of iconography, by the way, in the diaspora these sentiments are more noticeable. as in the middle of the herzegovina natives, there were fears that the veterans would organize into a serious political force, but they turned out to be incapable of the serbian side, the situation is different,

there is always bitterness because of a lost war. especially now it is aggravated by the events around kosovo, but belgrade is so connected with the eu and economically dependent on it, that , of course, it cannot let such a mood prevail, damn it, although the soil for the serbian economy is richer and arkan partly remains a hero, i must say that he was much brighter and more expressive than the croatian ones. characters. thank you, we talked with andrey krivichok. in the presence of a rifle the temptation to think about power, but the famous phrase. mao is the continuation of the party commanding the rifle is absolutely unacceptable for the rifle to command the party there are political cultures where rifles tend to strive for independence. true, the result, as a rule, is so-so latin america, where did the whole world learn the word junta from?

ussr even airstrikes on the presidential palace, death in chile on september 11, seventy third president. allende came to power yesterday loyal president commander-in-chief pinochet. we all know this. in the end. after all, it was from moscow that they introduced their radio program. listen, chile is a latin american refugee, but we then talked about what piglet rebuilt the economy rebuilt. the recent social explosion in chile showed that pinochet's economy was rather a ticking time bomb. well, in south america they remember a few more months before ladonedo. the first in june was seventy-third armored vehicles. they overlaid this palace with the parliament in uruguay and not far away. as it was with the classic, all

life is a theater. well, it seems like one of the main theaters in all of south america is this or golfon motodeo before the whole upheaval. the play was staged here. bertol de brecht, arthur's career is with us. this very carefully first came out in the leningrad bdd with evgeny lebedev in the lead role ends. this is an anti-totalitarian play of allegory. with such words , the womb that the reptile was hatching here in montevideo at the el galpon theater is still capable of bearing fruit. to these they added their own lies to the words. and it is here today, too, in its precisely this theatre. we meet with the one with whom i have long wanted to meet our viewers. hello sergey, we are with you, on the contrary, you are a uruguayan with guatemalan origin, born on a chinese site in moscow latin america in cuba, yes, what we will talk about in the gym parades, but hid. what other exercises were done with respect to the so

-called third unreliable category of citizens, uruguay chile and soon in argentina there to argentina. just this week delivered from the usa a plane from which mothers who went missing were thrown alive into the sea , we still do not know about the fate of many of the thirty thousand missing, including my brother. i don’t know, the remains of members of the blera party were found at all, about which the military lied that they were destroyed, and they found the location of the capital’s army battalion scary, firstly, he was one of the leaders of the uruguayan. damn, this is the second movement, because he was a jew, and in the repressive apparatus of the dictatorship he was very strong anti-semitism louise when there was a memorial session in the senate of uruguay, the camera pulled out the incumbent president in the gallery. punish the floor, he

was only born in the year of the perevoda, but next to him is the ex-president of the centrist, however, after the coup, he was also disenfranchised and his father is the ex-president. punish the erer quite right, but after the coup, he was generally taken into custody. the fact is that the dictatorship banned all parties among the missing benzos, not only communists and socialists, that is, representatives of the entire political spectrum the human rights program of radio moscow in chile was hosted by the legendary katya levskaya, but also by our mother’s mother, and after all, the paradox turns out, but the beginning of the seventies in the soviet union is just a business day to get married and the same soviet union defends human rights here, well, somehow conceived, but what to compare with what at the same time the uruguayan senatorium was shot right on the street by his son. also the elected senators spend an interesting thought. in any country. is there a ruling elite

like it or not? our elite has lost its own.