the industry was called russian bread, the world markets are inundated. and now, if all this bloomed, then what was rotten, maybe nothing was rotten. formation of the enthusiasm of the people, the soviet government received an unprecedented colossal inheritance, how prudently it disposed of this inheritance. what was russia before the seventeenth year? and what should we do with this history and how much can it repeat? hello on air international review in the studio of fyodor lukyanov international review events of the week of chronicles facts comments phenomenon

popularity in the 21st century features of the world practice of the balkan war dashing people of their time the fate of field commanders regular soldiers of fortune or wild geese materials of our program the third act of richard wagner's opera valkyrie from the tetralogy ring of the nibelungs the great german composer would have been surprised 140 years after his death. it is strongly associated with combat . first thanks to a scene from francis ford's apocalypse now domes then because wagner became a global brand of private military companies events of the week around the attempted rebellion in russia raised the question of the right of force and the right of violence. does it remain

the monopoly of the state or can it be delegated by a private entity. well, in general, how does the formula work in the 21st century. mao zedong rifle gives birth to power and what would be the concepts and the rifle. in terms of hard force . and power as a set of management methods is not the same as at the dawn of the future great corruption. armed formations that the state does not control or does not directly exist always about history later, until let's discuss the phenomenon of private military companies at the hearing they are 20 years since the us invasion of iraq perhaps the most famous pmc can be considered the american black actor in the nineties , it was listed as a security services agency with a small training base in north carolina, but thanks to lobbyists, it received

the first major government contract and laid the foundation for bomu pmc at its origins was the navy seal eric prince and one of the former leaders of the cia , cofer black, a retired commando. the prince comes from a very wealthy family, his father is a billionaire, one of the richest people in michigan and a major sponsor of the republican party, and his sister was the secretary of education under trump coffee was a cia officer with experience he coordinated the fight against terrorism in the george w. bush administration and was at the origins of the fight against al-qaeda even before september 11, the us administration did not directly pay for the services of mercenaries , and after the third year , the company took part in military operations. the territories of yemen and afghanistan cooperated with the pentagon in the fight against drug trafficking, eliminated the consequences of natural disasters, protected from marauders government institutions, banks and telecommunications. at

the same time , lawsuits were repeatedly sent to her address in the case of the killings of civilians in iraq and the smuggling of weapons. as a result. it was renamed several times until the activities of pmcs were closed in austria and germany, generally regulated like commercial companies, and data on their operations are not disclosed so much about the german asgard. it is only known that its backbone is made up of retired soldiers from the bundeswehr who specialize in information security. escort military and civilian convoys. delivery of goods and protection of victorson, there is no relevant legislation from pmcs and great britain , the british dzheforce, the former grubfor securior, is considered the most numerous and profitable in the world; its representation

is in 125 countries. links to killings, fraud, torture and strikes by employees amid human rights violations, but this did not stop the company from continuing its work, as far as france is concerned there, since 2003, mercenarism has been punishable by law, while there are at least 130 so-called private military security companies registered in the country that provide bodyguard services. some mistakenly classify them as pmcs, the french foreign legion is also a military formation, but it has never been private. maria is a small guest from mgimo. she has been studying this phenomenon for a long time. maria hello. so, as i understand it, pmc is such a folklore name. and if a more correct legal definition, yes there is a better definition. uh,

a private military company is what it really is. well, perhaps, the generally accepted concept, but hmm , the definition that we have is this. uh, the definition given in the report of enrique balister from the special representative on human rights, and on the issue of the prohibition of mercenarism. he called this phenomenon, private security company and gave another definition, private security company consulting, training training and so on, but the military end is of course and this is actually what we can cling to, then these what term can we call this phenomenon, but exists in russian practice difficulties in translation, because this is not in american, in any other practice , there is no such thing as a private military campaign e we translate into russian, either as a private military company or as a private military security company and it is

confusing because the security component. it can be different, so to speak . this is what we translate into russian. this not quite the sphere of security, it is correct to say a private military company in the field of security and safety - this is a whole range of measures that such companies actually carry out. in 2012, a retired general of the turkish army, one tanriverdi, set up an international private military consulting company sadak besides consulting. she is engaged in personnel training and logistics for the turkish army. turkish western media have repeatedly reported on the participation of pmcs in military conflicts, including in the training of fighters opposing assad, the syrian free army, and in 2020, the us authorities for garden water heaters in the transfer of syrian militants to support the libyan government of national accord in tripoli. the opposition inside turkey is worried that this is

erdogan's personal army, which he could use during the elections. if he had lost, however, riverdy had to leave there, but erdogan's adviser nosadok continues to operate outside of turkey , china, unlike the united states and western countries, does not have large private military companies. but there is a lot of experience of informal detachments enough remember volunteers in the korean war or the practice of the vietnam war today, china has small private firms that protect chinese industrial facilities and chinese businessmen in different countries of the world, the largest of them is shandong avesicurity group, the organization's office is located in south africa, as well as chinese oil the objects are guarded by a pmc from beijing called alpha angel; its composition includes former members of the special forces. mostly. they are not armed. china is trying not to attract scandalous attention. media how it was

american pmc balacoder, ironically, its founder, by the way, works for a company from hong kong and is engaged in projects in africa well trained chinese fighters were in the shadows until the action movie war of the wolves or as it is also called combat was released on the screens in 2015 ? the wolf plot is just a retired special forces soldier getting a job in a pmc somewhere in africa along the way they requisition a gang of somali pirates at a new duty station fighting pmcs from europe who seek to destroy the business of the chinese the film became so popular that in 2017 it was filmed continuation. but actually in the united states, this is how it is called legislatively. this is called a private security contractor ruled by se curity, or

private security companies ruled by the security campaign is called that and this is a very wide field, that is, it is us security, well, it simply includes, well, almost everything, yes , we know this, but uh, the general public. well, use a folklore name. and what vk found out, probably, when the war in iraq began, they started talking about these, so to speak, american security companies. and did they really appear around that time in their modern form, i mean, and uh, what . if you try to generalize there some types of varieties of these companies in the world, and there are two points of view on when modern private military companies appeared, then one says that the first registered such company in the field of security, and was called watch garda international it was a british company appeared. she is in 1967, and founded her

david sterling means that this is a retired officer, and who stood at the origins of the creation of the british air force and the company arose, so to speak, as a result of the yemeni british secret mercenary operation hmm, and the actual idea was that this company would provide security services, and for the uk in british interests in those countries. uh, means, uh, with which the british. well, some kind of good relationship, or there are interests. uh, and this was about, let's say, the training of the training of the armed forces of such countries and etc. well, david sterling, in general, could not resist and slipped into mercenary contracts and in the seventy-second year the company was closed, and in another approach to when these companies arose, it says that, well, let's say we have a din-core company, worldwide it is known that she worked a lot in yugoslavia. so she says that we were created in 1946, in fact

, they were not really engaged in air transport, but in military air transport at that time, but how the company was formed and registered with this name in 1987. that is, through mergers and acquisitions. we have come to what we know as dinkor. the same pools. uh, the largest, then again, the supplier of air means military air equipment and transport. and hmm, it also began at the end of the 19th century and through multiple mergers and acquisitions in the ninety- ninth year. we they learned how abaya sit the same. jay furs moreover jay furs it appeared in 2004 with this name. and before that, starting from there in denmark as a small company, and it developed developed, conquered markets for its own, that means, or other countries came out. on them and, uh, actually bought in some year. hmm, so

the oldest detective agency pinkerton in the usa, whose year of birth is 1950 850, so actually, where are we counting from? ah, so these companies. it seems to me to say so here, mmm, it is not as important as we think what periodization we have. how much is that involved in these companies to their emergence were people somehow connected with the armed forces, and with the army, but hmm, and so to speak, or it was david tested, who switched from mercenary, so to speak, he had a smooth transition. he was originally in this area. and or, so to speak, these are people who hmm understood the trends and saw that there are prospects in this and gradually formed their own business. that's aside . tell me, this famous, maybe bloated, uh, blackter and a man with a beautiful surname of a prince, and not somehow of high quality. have they changed or they just have some kind of marketing. well, the thing is, well, she

became famous thanks to her contracts. in iraq and thanks to this high-profile episode, when the rakians also died, peaceful civilians, peaceful citizens mm. and after that, she endured there, which means, uh, a few names were changed, a few owners, and a few, so to speak. so she walked away from those contracts and focused more on uh, staff training training. so to speak, i try to get away from my mean unfavorable and not plausible past. and erik prince - it can be said ostap bender of today, he is absolutely not here is his enterprise. you can, of course, envy and learn. hmm , he founded the company means frontier. uh, service in having registered it in hong kong and worked with for a very long time. uh, china, that is, under contracts with china, that is, it cannot be said

that the united states has some kind of relationship with china not at all, but nevertheless, to say this to him, it means that it did not interfere with working with chinese companies. in the field of business. he provided services, and until 2021, then , so to speak, he ceased to be, so to speak, a shareholder in this company, the chinese. now own his frontier, eh, but he's mired in all sorts of litigation. here is the problem we are currently facing . this is not a regulated legal status. now everyone is talking about this and, apparently, this issue will somehow be resolved in our country. and in the world, on what basis do these companies operate? on the basis of the national legislation of certain wounds, yes, and the most developed of them, of course, we see, in the usa this is the most developed legislation, which in general can be said, what keeps pace with time and does not lag behind their companies, that is, so to speak, new technologies are perceived by companies. well

, the legislation, too, means it is trying to regulate these new spheres, so to speak, there are a lot of laws written on this topic. uh, and they are constantly being supplemented, amended, and so on. and we can say that an example of american law. this is such an example of tight regulation hmm but let's say, uh, hmm the uk is a little different there, there is no such strict legislation regarding british private military companies and if we say to compare these two countries, then american private military companies have more contracts with government agencies. that is, this is the department of defense pentagon us and state. and so on. well, of course, contracts with the pentagon. they are classified, and we are, in general, here, so to speak , well, here is a blank spot that we cannot look at and figure out what kind of contract it is and what companies are interested in. uh, so the pentagons are interested in such services,

what is this? unfortunately, we can’t, but to a lesser extent, american companies are attracted by such companies, they also want to attract them, while the uk, on ​​the contrary, has more contracts with these companies with businesses, and they work a lot inside the uk , that is, let’s say. uh, telecommunications uh, giants. e british market. they hire such private military companies to protect, so to speak, and their facilities, and besides, in the uk there are private prisons and jay-forces, which i mentioned above. in general, she owns several of them and here, uh, so to speak, the uk is not looking to hard-regulate. from business on its own territory, because it relies more on the business community, which will regulate itself. it’s better than if the state intervenes, and this is also understandable, this is probably such a historical moment , because

there were guilds of craftsmen in the 17th century in great britain, and they themselves knew who they would let into the market , let someone in, that is, like this, unreliably they were not allowed. and it has remained so. that is, trust in business in britain, it is higher than we say. trust in the state will be yes, that is, as i understand it from your description, to imagine a march. uh, james or the blackwater at white hall or the pentagon is pretty hard there? yes , it seems to me, well, then, probably, the last question of the rus is curious. eh, this kind of activity, in addition to business and in addition to the power component, is often surrounded by such romance. flor gentlemen of good luck in libussy. it's also a tradition. god forbid , there is some kind of this in other countries, or there it is purely for business, it seems to me, romance, a more pragmatic world no longer exists here, maybe it once existed, and it seems to me, just so to say, it seems to us that it was precisely

when we read some historical, so here are the aspects of this market. yes, this is in general the development of this phenomenon. i don't think today. at least i didn't come across. that's some kind of romantic motivation in- thank you very much for your research. maria was with you. don't be sinai. military companies operating on a commercial basis big business, but also a certain type of people prone to risk, believers in blood and soil, such characters come to the fore during periods of state words and between conditional conflicts andreikovich. this is familiar not only because he studies the socio-political process. andrei is from croatia. and in the balkans, the nineties , the time of the war, and very bright, albeit scary characters. one of the most famous field commanders

of the bosnian war was ratko, mladic, under his leadership for 4 years, the siege of sarajevo was carried out. and in july 1995, a piece of silver was taken in the west, it is believed that thousands of crbe civilians were killed - this is denied, but the tribunal that visited yugoslavia found mladdic guilty and sentenced another hero of the bosnian war to life imprisonment. serp zheka ronatovich nicknamed. arkan hurricane even before the yugoslav conflict. he robbed banks or jewelry stores in europe in october 1990. he created a paramilitary group, the serbian volunteer guard, whose core was made up of football club fans. red star star in god's name they were also called tigers. arcana grouping. earned a reputation as one of the most productive divisions of the serbs. after ending in the russian war , roznatovic lived in belgrade and was shot dead in

2000 during a business meeting in a hotel on the other side of the front. there were field commanders. among them is a former general of the yugoslav army. chief of staff of the croatian council, defense slobodan, praljak, gaga, tribunal found him guilty of massacres and ethnic cleansing among serbs and bosniaks and in 2017 year, committed suicide by drinking. right in the courtroom in gaga, i tried three other croatian generals. yanka grandmother rakhima adami and mirko noracent. they allegedly did not stop the excesses of their military against the serbian population during the operation medal pocket on the territory of the republic of serbian extreme and herzegovina in september 93. adami was acquitted. babette died in 2003 before gaga's extradition. well, he spent 10 years in a croatian prison. and in 2011 he was released

it is noteworthy that kosovo albanians are participants in another yugoslav war in kosovo and the methods of 1998 and 1999 were fully acquitted, although they faced serious allegations of kidnapping and trafficking in human organs. this is hashim tachi, nicknamed serpent and ramush, hardina, nicknamed smiley, was the first leader of the so-called liberation army, kosovo was the other chief of its staff. andrey whom do you remember? when it comes to the balkan wars of the end of the last century, first of all, arkan zhelka rozhnyatovich is a man with a criminal past who was associated with the yugoslav security services his serbian, armed formation fought in bosnia, another figure, ladan naleitevic, the croatian version of the same in herzegovina, paradzhik, an extreme croatian

nationalist, in general, a typical story , the state does not have enough strength to effectively wage war, and it outsources this function to croatia for example, at the time of the collapse, yugoslavia did not have an army from scratch serbia started milosevic, could not rely on the yugoslav people's army mood. in general, there were pro-serbians in it, but the conscripts did not want to fight, and they did not know how, the attitude of officers and generals was rather against it. well, there were simply not enough people, therefore, in combat. and outside of serbia, milosevic relied on the police forces, which actually ended up in the position of private armed forces. moreover, the state officially denied them often. well, informal groups. how successful. they fought very successfully motivated, mostly volunteers with a variety of combat experience. there were quite a lot of people from

the diaspora on the serbian side there. captain, dragon didn't even call him by his last name. he was assembling a semblance of a foreign legion. it turned out frighteningly for the croats to form braids, and not all of them somehow resembled a battalion. azov people are extremely wrong in their views , fans of sasha but dashing, warriors, similar to the serbs. well, it turns out that they were ideologically very motivated, definitely. yes, the croatian side of the serbian is more difficult, the same arkan had a rich criminal past. including in sweden and scandinavia, in general, there has always been vkontakte with the yugoslav secret services. so to speak he solved some issues for them from the diaspora , the arcana also had commercial interests, by the way, any war of this kind contains an element of looting, but worldview played a role. they were not highly professional military mercenaries with very high salaries, like modern worms. and then what happened to them with all of croatia

, the state quickly put an end to the activities of such formations, as soon as they created a regular army of field commanders who tried to get out of control. they simply liquidated the anti-paradzhiks. blessed rabbit serbia such characters. they were always under the control of the secret service , and it was often difficult to draw a line between them . arkan was eventually shot dead, but this was probably due to the commercial competition of the brand. but now these dashing people are still remembered as heroes in croatia about the past , they want to forget about the installation on europe herzegovina, there were concerns that veterans are organized into a serious political force, but they were not capable of the serbian side, the situation is different, there is always bitterness because of a lost war.

especially now it is aggravated by the events around kosovo, but belgrade is so connected with the eu and economically dependent on it that , of course, it cannot allow such a mood to prevail . brighter and more expressive than croatian characters. thank you for talking to andrey krik. it is tempting to think about power, but mau's famous phrase is the continuation of the party commands the rifle it is completely unacceptable for the rifle to command the party there are political cultures where rifles tend to strive for independence. true, the result is usually so-so. and latin america, where did the whole world learn the word junta essay by sergey bryulev? even the airstrikes

on the presidential palace of lamoda, the death of the seventy-third president allende in chile on september 11, the coming to power yesterday of the loyal president, commander-in-chief pinochet. it's all of us we know. in the end, the moscow adventists had their own radio broadcast. listen, chile is a latin american refugee, but we then talked about what pinochet rebuilt the economy rebuilt. chile's recent social explosion has shown and in the economy to start soon laid a time bomb. well, in south america, he remembers, a few months later , he gave coins to the first, back in june, the seventy- third armored vehicles. they overlaid this palace with the parliament in uruguay and not far away. as it was with the classic, all life is a theater. well seems to be one of the major theaters

in all of south america, or golfon motodeo before that coup. the play was staged here. bertol, de brecht, career. we have arthur. this very carefully first came out in the leningrad bdd with evgeny lebedev in the lead role ends. this is an anti-tatar allegorical play. these words are still capable of bearing fruit, the womb, which the reptile bore here in the theater of el galpon. to these words of brecht, they added their own. namely, here today, too, in my precisely this theater. we meet with the one with whom i have long wanted to meet our viewers. hello sergey, we are with you, on the contrary, you are a uruguayan with guatemalan origin, born in moscow, and i am russians in latin america in cuba, yes, what we will talk about the physical education parades, but hid. what other exercises were performed in relation to the so-called third unreliable category of citizens

of chile and soon in argentina there to argentina. just this week , a plane was delivered from the usa, from which the living dropped mothers into the sea, missing, we still do not know the fate of many of the thirty thousand, missing, including my brother, i don’t know, the remains were found by members of the politburo of the communist party of blera about which the military lied that they were destroyed, and they found the location of the capital’s army battalion scary, firstly, he was one of the leaders of the uruguayan . or here is the second movement , because he was a jew, and anti-semitism was very strong in the repressive apparatus of the dictatorship . punish the floor, he will only be translated in a year was born, but next to him, the ex-president is a centrist, however, after the coup, he was

also disenfranchised and his father is an ex-president. punish the erer quite right, but after the coup, he was generally taken into custody. the point is that the dictatorship should ban all parties among the missing benzos, not only communists and socialists, that is, representatives of the entire political spectrum and the scooter. the human rights program of radio moscow in chile was hosted by the legendary katya alevskaya, but also by the mother of our mother, and after all, the paradox turns out, but the beginning of the seventies in the soviet the union is just a matter of getting married and in practice, and the same soviet union defended human rights here, well, somehow i thought of it, but what to compare with, at the same time, the uruguayan senator was shot right on the street by his son. also elected senators holds an interesting idea. in any country there is a ruling elite, do you like it or not? we have elites.