[000:00:34;00] international review private military armies the phenomenon of popularity in the 21st century the history of world practice the experience of the balkan war from

mercenary armies to regular troops, the history of the thirty years war overture to the third act of richard wagner's opera valkyrie from the tetralogy ring of the nibelungen the great german composer would have been surprised 140 years after his death. he strongly associated with combat. first, thanks to a scene from

francis ford's apocalypse now, then because wagner has become a global brand of private military companies, the events of the week around the attempted mutiny in russia raised the question of the right of force and the right to inflict. whether it remains the monopoly of the state or it can be delegated by a private entity. well, in general, how the twenty-first century formula works. mao zeng rifle gives birth to power and a rifle. in terms of hard force. and power as a set of methods of control not the ones at the dawn of the future great kormichev. significant militias that the state does not control or does not directly exist always about history later, while we discuss the phenomenon of private military

companies on hearing they are 20 years since the us invasion of iraq security services agency with a small training base in north carolina, but thanks to lobbyists, received the first major government contract and laid the foundation for the bom navy seal eric prinz and one of the former cia chiefs, cofer black, is a retired commando. the prince comes from a very wealthy family. his father is a billionaire, one of the richest men in michigan and a major gop donor, and his sister was trump's education secretary. kofer was a black cia officer with experience , he coordinated the fight against terrorism in the george w. bush administration and stood at the origins of the fight against al-qaeda even before september 11 , the us administration paid for the services of mercenaries

indirectly, and after three years the company took part in military operations. the territories of yemen and afghanistan cooperated with the pentagon in the fight against drug trafficking , eliminated the consequences of natural disasters, protected banks and telecommunications from looters. at the same time , lawsuits were repeatedly sent to her address in the case of the killings of civilians in iraq and the smuggling of weapons. as a result. it was renamed several times until the activity of pmcs was closed in austria and germany, in general it is regulated like commercial companies, and data on their operations are not disclosed so about the german asgard. it is only known that its backbone is made up of retired soldiers from the bundeswehr who specialize in information security. escort of military and civil convoys. delivery of goods and protection of victorson, there is no relevant legislation

, and the pmc and the uk, the british force, the former secure , is considered the most numerous and profitable in the world ; was at the center of high-profile scandals in connection with murders, fraud, torture and strikes of employees against the backdrop of human rights violations, but this did not prevent the company from continuing its work, as for france , since 2003, mercenarism has been punishable by law there, while at least 130 so-called private military security companies that provide bodyguard services. some mistakenly classify them as pmcs, the french foreign legion is also a military formation, but it has never been private.

maria is a small guest from mgimo. she has been studying this phenomenon for a long time. maria hello. so, as i understand it, pmc is such a folklore name. and if a more correct legal definition, yes, there is a more correct definition. uh, a private military company is really, well, what is the generally accepted concept, but hmm , the definition that we have is this. uh, the definition given in the report of enrique balister from the special representative on human rights, and on the issue of the prohibition of mercenarism. he called this phenomenon, private a company in the field of security and gave a different definition, a private company in the field of security consulting, training training and so on, and the military end of the althing of course, this is actually what we can cling to, these what term can we call this phenomenon, but there are

in russian practice difficulties in translation, because it is not in american in any other practice there is no such thing as a private military company, uh, we translate into russian , either as a private military company, or as a private military security company and it is confusing because the security component. it can be different, so to speak . this is what we translate into russian. this is not exactly the sphere of security, it is correct to say that a private military company in the field of security and safety - this is a whole range of measures that such companies actually carry out. in 2012, a retired turkish army general one tangriverdi set up an international private military consulting company saded besides consulting. she is in charge of staff training and logistics. for the turkish army, turkish western media have repeatedly reported on the participation of pmcs in military conflicts, including in the training

of fighters of the free syrian army opposing assad, and in 2020, the us authorities suspected sadad of transferring syrian militants to support the libyan government of national accord in three oppositions inside turkey worries that this is erdogan's personal army, which he could use during the elections. if he had lost, however , there riverdy had to leave the post of erdogan's adviser nosadok continues to work for outside of turkey, china, unlike the united states and western countries, does not have large private military companies, but there is a lot of experience in informal detachments, just remember the volunteers in the korean war or the practice of the vietnam war today, china has small private firms that guard chinese industrial facilities and chinese businessmen in different countries of the world, the largest of them is shandong awei security group. the office

of the organization is located on the territory of south africa; also , chinese oil facilities are guarded by a pmc from beijing called alpha angel; its composition includes former members of the special forces. basically. they are not armed. china is trying not to attract scandalous attention. the media, as was the case with the american pmc balakoder, ironically, its founder, by the way, works for a company from hong kong and is engaged in projects in africa, well-trained chinese fighters were in the shadows until the action movie war of the wolves or what is it also called a war wolf? the plot is just a retired special forces fighter gets a job in a pmc somewhere in africa along the way requisitions a gang of somali pirates at a new duty station fighting pmcs from europe who seek to destroy business with the chinese the film became so popular that

a sequel was shot in 2017. but actually in the united states, what is it called? is this legally called a ny in the field of security if in english or private companies in the field of security governs security campany and it is called that and this is a very wide field, that is, it is us security, well, it simply includes, well, almost everything, yes, we know that, but uh, the general public. well, let's use a folklore name. and what vk found out, probably, when the war in iraq began, they started talking about these, so to speak, american security companies. did they really appear around that time in their modern form, i mean, and uh, what if you try to generalize there some kinds of varieties of these companies in the world. well, there are two points of view on when

modern private military companies appeared, so one says that the first registered such company in the field of security, and it was called watch garda international. the company appeared in 1967, and it was founded by david stirling, which means that this is a retired officer , and who stood at the origins of the creation of the british air force and the company arose, so to speak, as a result of the yemeni british secret mercenary operation hmm, and the actual idea was that this company would provide services in the field of security, and for the uk in the interests of the uk in those countries. uh, means, uh, with whom u british. well, some kind of good relationship, or there are interests. uh, and this was about, say, education and training of the armed forces in such countries and so on. well, david sterling, in general, could not resist and slipped into mercenary contracts and

in the seventy-second year the company was closed, and in another approach to when these companies arose, it says that, well, let's say we have a din-core company, worldwide , you know, she worked a lot in yugoslavia, which means that she says that we were created in 1946 . in fact, they didn't really do it. means air transport, and military air transport at that time, but as a company it was formed due to registering with this name in 1987. that is, through mergers and acquisitions. we have come to what we know as dinkor. the same pools. uh, the largest, then again, the supplier of air means military air equipment and transport. and hmm, it also began at the end of the 19th century and through multiple mergers and acquisitions in the ninety- ninth year. we they learned how to sit down

the same. jay-force, moreover, jay furs, she appeared in 2004 with this very name, and before that, starting there in denmark as a small company, and she developed, conquered markets for her own, which means either the countries entered them and actually bought in which - a year. so, the oldest pinkerton detective agency in the united states, whose year of birth is 1950 850, so actually, where do we count from? so, uh, these companies, but i think here, so to speak, hmm, it's not as important as we think, what kind of periodization we have. how many the fact that these companies were involved in their emergence were people in one way or another connected with the armed forces, and with the army, but hmm, so to speak, or it was david stirring, who switched from mercenary work, so to speak, he had a smooth transition. he was originally in this area. and or, so to speak, these are people who hmm understood the trends and hmm saw that

there are prospects in this and gradually formed their own business. that's aside . tell me, this famous one can be a bloated blader and a man with a beautiful surname of a prince. somehow qualitatively changed or just what kind of marketing they have in them . well, the point is that black water , so to speak, she became famous thanks to her contracts. in iraq, thanks to this high-profile episode, when peaceful peaceful people died, peaceful civilians mm. and after that, she endured there, which means, uh, a few names were changed , a few owners, and a few, so to speak. so she left these contracts and focused more on training and staff training. so to speak, i try to get away from my means unfavorable and not virtuous past. and erik prince - it can be said ostap bender of today,

he is absolutely not here is his enterprise. you can, of course, envy and learn. hmm, he founded a company, which means, uh, i’m franking, uh, service in registering it in hong kong and worked with uh, china for a very long time, that is, under contracts with china, that is, it cannot be said that the united states and china have any it's a very warm relationship. but nevertheless, to say this to him did not mean that it did not interfere with working with chinese companies. in business, he provided services, a until 2021 then , so to speak, he ceased to be, so to speak, a shareholder in this company, the chinese. now they own e his frontier, ah, but he is mired in all sorts of legal proceedings. here is the problem we are currently facing . this is not a regulated legal status. now everyone is talking about this and, apparently, this issue will somehow be resolved here, but in the world. on what basis do these companies operate? based on the national

legislation of certain countries, and the most developed of them, of course. we see, uh, in the usa, this is the most developed legislation , which, in general, we can say that it keeps up with the times and does not lag behind its companies, that is, so to speak, new technologies are perceived by companies. well , the legislation, too, means it is trying to regulate these new spheres, so to speak, there are a lot of laws written on this topic. uh, and they are constantly being supplemented, amended, and so on. and we can say that an example of american law. it's such an example of strict regulation hmm but let's say the uk is a little different there, there is no such strict legislation regarding british private military companies and if we say to compare these two countries, then american private military companies have more contracts with state authorities. that is,

the ministry of defense. pentagon usa dos and so on. well, of course, contracts with penta. well, we are not classified, and we are, in general, here, so to speak, well, here is a white spot that we cannot look at and figure out what actually for the contract and what companies are interested in? uh, that means pentagons. what services are they interested in, what is it? unfortunately, we can’t, but to a lesser extent , the american business attracts such companies that they also want to attract, while the uk, on ​​the contrary , has more contracts with these companies with businesses, and they work a lot inside the uk, that is, let’s say. uh, telecommunications uh, giants. uh, the british market. they hire such private wars and companies to protect, so to speak, and their facilities, and besides in the uk there are private prisons and j-forces that i mentioned above. in general, she owns several of them and here. um, so to speak , the uk does not seek to hard

regulate. this business is on its own territory, because it relies more on the business community, which will regulate itself. that’s better than if the state intervenes, and this is also understandable, this is probably such a historical moment, because there were guilds and craftsmen in the 17th century in great britain, and they themselves knew who they would let on the market, who they wouldn’t let, that is, so to speak , unreliable were not allowed. and this has remained so. that is, trust in business in britain is higher than, say, trust in the state. i understand from your description that imagine a march? uh jay furs or the blackwater at white hall or the pentagon is pretty hard there? yes, i think it's good. then probably the last question with that curious. eh, this kind of activity, in addition to business and in addition to the power component, is often surrounded by such romance flirting gentlemen of fortune in the sier league. same

tradition. god forbid some a in other countries. this is also there, or is it purely business-related, it seems to me that romance no longer exists here, a more pragmatic world , maybe it once existed, and it seems to me, that’s how it is, it seems to us that it was exactly when we read some historical ones, so here are the aspects of this market. yes, this is in general the development of this phenomenon. i don't think today. at least i didn't come across. here with some kind of romantic motivation in investigations. thank you very much. uh, with us mary was small. company operating on a commercial basis big business, but also a certain type of risk-averse people, believers in blood and soil, such characters come to the fore during periods of state words and between conditional conflicts andreikovich. this is familiar

not only because he studies the socio-political process. andrei is from croatia. and in the balkans, the nineties , the time of the war, and very bright, albeit scary characters. one of the most famous field commanders of the bosnian war was radko, mladic, under his the leadership of 4 years, the siege of sarajevo was conducted. and in july, the ninety-fifth, a piece of silver was taken in the west, it is believed that , at the same time, thousands of serb civilians were killed - this is denied, but the tribunal of the former yugoslavia found mladice guilty and sentenced another hero of the bosnian war to life imprisonment . serp zheka rozhnatovich nicknamed. arkan hurricane even before the yugoslav conflict, he robbed banks and harmful shops in europe in october of the ninetieth year. he created a paramilitary group, the serbian volunteer guard. the core of which was made up of fans of the football

club. red star in bosnia, they were also called tigers. the arkana group has earned a reputation in siberia as one of the most productive divisions of the serbs. after the end of the bosnian war, roznatovic lived in belgrade and was shot dead in 2000 during a business meeting in a hotel on the other side of the front. there were field commanders. among them is a former general of the yugoslav army. the chief of staff of the croatian defense council is slobodan. proleg gaga tribunal recognized him guilty of massacres and ethnic cleansing among serbs and bosniaks, pralak denied the accusation and in 2017 committed suicide by drinking. i was right in the courtroom in the city tried each other croatian generals. yanka grandmother rakhima adami and mirko noracent. they allegedly did not stop the material of their military against the serbian population during the operation medal pocket on

the territory of the republic of serbian extreme bosnia and herzegovina in september 93. adami was acquitted, the ballerina died in 2003 before the extradition of the gavvu. well, since i spent 10 years in croatian prison. and in 2011 he was released, it is remarkable that the kosovo albanians , the participants in another yugoslav war in kosovo and the metochs of the ninety-eighth ninety-ninth years, were fully acquitted, although serious charges of kidnapping and trafficking in human organs were brought against them. this is khashim dachi, nicknamed serpent and ramush. hardinay, nicknamed smile, was the first leader of the so-called kosovo liberation army, the other was its chief of staff. andrei, who do you remember when it comes to the balkan wars of the end of the past

century, first of all, arkan zhilka rozhnyatovich is a man with a criminal past , who was associated with the yugoslav security services, his serbian, armed formation fought in bosnia, another figure of the nalejevich croatian version of the same in herzegovina, a paradzhik, an extreme croatian nationalist, in general, a typical history of the state is not enough forces to effectively wage war, and it gives this function in a row. croatia, for example, at the time of the collapse of yugoslavia there was no army from scratch , serbia started milosevic, could not rely on yugoslav people's army mood. it was generally pro-serbian, but the conscripts did not want to fight, yes, they did not know how, and the officers and generals were more likely to be against it. well, there were simply not enough people, therefore, in combat. and outside of serbia, milosevic relied on the police forces, which actually ended up in the position of private armed forces. moreover,

the state officially denied them often. well, informal groups. how successful. they fought very successfully motivated, mostly volunteers with varied combat experience. quite a few people from the diaspora were present there; on the serbian side there was such a captain, dragon was not even called by his last name. he was assembling a semblance of a foreign legion. it turned out frighteningly for the croats the formation of braids. they all looked like a battalion. azov people are extremely wrong in the views of sasha's fans, but dashing, warriors, similar to the serbs. well, it turns out that they were ideologically very motivated, definitely. yes, the croatian side of the serbian is more difficult, the same arkan had rich criminal past. including in sweden and scandinavia, in general, there has always been vkontakte with the yugoslav secret services. let's just say that i solved some issues with the diaspora for them

; the arcana also had commercial interests, by the way, any war of this kind contains an element of looting, but worldview played a role. they were not highly professional military mercenaries with very high salaries, like modern worms. and then what happened to them with all of croatia and the state quickly put an end to the activities of such formations, as soon as created a regular army of warlords who tried to get out of control. evenings in serbia were simply liquidated, such characters were always under the control of the special services, it was often difficult to draw a line between them. arkan was eventually shot dead, but this was probably due to the commercial competition of the brand. but now these dashing people are still remembered as heroes in croatia they want to forget about the past installation on europe

by the way, in the diaspora, the mood is more noticeable, as among the natives of herzegovina there were fears that the veterans would organize themselves as a serious political force, but they turned out to be incapable of the serbian side , the situation is different. there is always bitterness over a lost war. especially now this is aggravated by the events around kosovo, but belgrade is so connected with the eu and economically dependent on it that, of course, it cannot allow such a mood to prevail, although the ground for the iconography of serbia is richer and arkan partly remains folk heroes. necessary to say that he was much brighter and more expressive than the croatian characters. thank you for talking with andrey rifles the temptation to think about power, but mao's famous phrases is the continuation of the party commands the rifle it is absolutely unacceptable for the rifle

to command the party there are political cultures where rifles tend to strive for independence. true, the result, as a rule, is so-so in latin america, where did the whole world learn the word junta of the ussr by sergei bryulevo? even airstrikes on the presidential palace lamoda death in chile 11 september seventy-third president allende came to power yesterday loyal president commander-in-chief pinochet. we all know this. finally, an adventist from moscow brought in their radio broadcast. look, chile's hispanic refugees. well, we then talked about what piglet rebuilt the economy rebuilt. chile's recent social explosion has shown and the can-economy has rather

planted a time bomb. well, in south america, she remembers in a few months she gave coins to the first, back in june, seventy- third armored vehicles, they overlaid this palace parliament in uruguay, they are far away, as it was with the classic, all life is a theater. well , it seems that somehow one of the main theaters in all of south america is this or golfon motodeo before that coup. the play was staged here. bertol de brecht's career for arthur we have. this very carefully first came out in the leningrad bdd with evgeny lebedev in the lead role ends. this is an anti-tolitary allegorical play. with such words, the womb is still capable of bearing fruit, which you are our legada here in the mode video in the el galpon theater to these words, a lie there added their own. and it is here today, too, in its precisely this theatre. we meet with the one with whom i have long wanted to meet our viewers. hello sergey, we are with you, on the contrary, you are a uruguayan with guatemalan

origin born in a chinese site in moscow a. i'm in cuba, yes, what we'll talk about, but hid. what other exercises were performed in relation to the so-called third unreliable category of citizens of uruguay chile and soon in argentina there to argentina. just this week , a plane was delivered from the usa, from which they dropped alive into the sea missing mothers, we still do not know about the fate of many of the thirty thousand missing, including my brother neser. i don’t know, nothing was found at all by the remains of a member of the polishing of the blera party about which the military lied that they were destroyed, and they were found by the location of the capital’s army battalion. he was tortured terribly, firstly, he was one of the leaders, uruguay damn, this is a movement

, secondly, because he was a jew, and anti-semitism was very strong in the repressive apparatus of the dictatorship the senate of uruguay was holding a memorial session, then on the gallery the camera pulled out the incumbent president. on the other hand, he was only born in the year of the perevoda, but next to him is the ex-president of the centrist, however, after the coup, he was also disenfranchised and his father is the ex-president. punish erer. quite right, but after the coup, he was generally taken into custody. i mean, the dictatorship banned all parties among the missing benzoy, not only communists and socialists, that is, representatives of the entire political spectrum at risk. that human rights radio program moscow was led to chile by the legendary katya alevskaya, but also by our mother’s mother, and after all, the paradox turns out, but the beginning of the seventies in the soviet union is just a matter of getting married and the same soviet union defended human rights