[000:00:34;00] hello on air international review in the studio fyodor lukyanov today in the program international review of chronicles the transition from the cold war from explosive confrontations between the two worlds to detente was associated primarily with changes in the balance of power on the world stage, but it took great efforts to make people, and especially those who directs the policy of states have become accustomed to the idea that the natural thing is not balancing on the brink of war. a negotiations on controversial

issues, and peaceful cooperation. not balancing on the brink of war, and negotiations on controversial issues are not a confrontation, but peaceful cooperation leonid ilyich brezhnev uttered golden words in his report to the 25th congress of the cpsu in february 1976 and you still have a nato summit in vilnius , which was very much awaited, especially in kiev stockholm, the ukrainian capital expected to receive an official invitation to the swedish alliance to stand up, and finally its full member did not happen. ukraine retained the status of a partner without legalized relations, and sweden healthy on turkish mercy. well, in the fall, if nothing happens. the meaning of the meeting is not in these specific plots, although they attracted attention more importantly than what brezhnev spoke about almost half a century ago.

what is the purpose of the alliance's cementing confrontation or to find ways to make it more flexible and manageable, but first things first. slovak marian kamensky and his work titled vicious circle on signposts written by nato a long way to military alliance membership, the conservative, british times, and her peter bruce. inscription says welcome to nato two capital letters form english no or not, the german cartoonist burkhartmore the drawing is called the running man on the umbrella is written note extremely expressive work of the magician erdogan everything is honest without cheating oliver shov and austria about joining the alliance of sweden although its prospects are so to the end and not dreams. but polukaleria does not even doubt that sweden

will be in nato, because on her side, the strongest girl in the world longstocking is a character in the novel of the same name by the swedish writer. austria clinton in the hands. she has a man who looks like erdogan. and now grandfather speaks louder to the pilot so that everyone can hear. the ukrainian leadership used all media and political opportunities to convince western public opinion not to invite kiev, nato is indecent, but the 23-year-old decision reproduces the results of the bucharest summit 15 years ago in the spring of 2008, then the us administration demanded that the allies begin the official procedure for georgia and ukraine to join the alliance by endorsing the map membership action plan for them, in other words roadmap entry into the block. cosmi went to bed,

berlin and paris are not allowed, they say russia was not allowed to provoke a pm. but in the memorandum of the meeting, they wrote that georgia, ukraine will be members of nato someday later, but georgia has definitely lagged behind since then, but for ukraine in vilnius, deja vu, we don’t have to take it later, when the conditions are ripe, but by all means. why in 2008 the european giants were against the rapprochement of the former allied republics of nato we asked the wonderful diplomat alexander alekseevich avdeev he was then the ambassador russia in paris, france, even at that time, it was enough. let shirokovskaya still sarcosine came into force. he just got elected. uh, the foreign ministry was still set in an inorganic spirit, there were uh interesting ideas

and illusions of good relations with russia uh. true, sarkozy already at that time advocated the return of the nato military organization, but nevertheless the french hesitated. i don't know exactly what was going on in berlin but i think it was the uh german chancellor who was elected in 2 years. before. uh, there were the same fluctuations, although 15 years is a historical period by the standards of negligible, that mood seems almost unbelievable at that time there were still many hopes for further development relations between the alliances and russia there were identical statements on this subject from nato uh the french, do you remember, uh? sarkozy even came to moscow on the eve of the elections.

it was 2007, although vladimir vladimirovich did not accept it, but other leaders accepted it, and then there were good institutions that the main priority in european politics would be given to the development of partnerships and special ties with russia in sarkozy repeated shirak's phrases, although he acted differently. well, the ukrainians at that time were a little different. hmm, they hoped to resolve the main contradictions between russia and ukraine and everything else and the flexible french flexible french of that period understood that they could ruin the game if they didn’t deserve it ahead of schedule, e.g. contrary to the criteria. uh, will speak out the ban of ukraine with alexander , we talked in different ways, we will continue in the following programs. in the meantime, about an interesting change in 2008 , germany and france opposed ukraine's entry into nato, while pushing the united states

now france for germany is still against the americans already on her side. why julienne shift up is an attempt to move away from the deep pacifism of german political culture, but the germans are still very careful and do not want to force. for americans, the difference between the administration of bush jr. in 2008 and the current biden is a matter of domestic political culture. bush was the apotheosis of neo-conservatism and the desire to change the world now, none of the us parties has such ambitious plans, the political climate. changed in america the climate, of course, has changed, but the refusal is not final most of the countries of the alliance, but the chief of the pentagon lloyd austin even says that everything although kiev is there, in the end it will be seen that ukraine will join nato, it seems that it will not be soon,

but at least there is er, it means that there are no fears on the part of the united states and other allies about the entry, he said that he thinks that ukraine still needs to democratize the country. and of course, and he pays what, uh , at the time when the war is going on in the territory, because if this is so, then there is danger that the us russia and allies. when they start talking about the criteria and reforms , the mood of the candidates deteriorates, and ukraine, in its position

, considers such insinuations simply insulting. what signs of specific reforms are not yet clear, it will become clear uh, well, over time i would say , but the fact is that despite the fact that there are such allies resources, uh, first of all, you will consider yourself sharpening uh- e union of democratic a and me, as they say, there were some. and how to say weaknesses and areas with russia and uh, since then uh there are no serious changes, so the reforms in their area seem to be in the middle. right now, only democratization was lacking, be that as it may, ukraine's path to nato is not destined. although there were countries in the history of the alliance

that traveled through thorny paths. during the second world war, turkey formally remained neutral, but supplied germany with chromium ore and other strategic raw materials back in the forty-third at the tehran conference churchill stalin and roosevelt discussed the issue of turkey joining the anti-hitler coalition also churchill said that he would not object to the access of soviet ships to the warm seas. he believed that turkey would contain the soviet union in the south. as a result, turkey broke off trade relations with germany and on february 45 declared war on her after the end of hostilities. stalin raised the question of the bosphorus and danova straits before turkey. he believed that the soviet union should gain control over them, and also recalled the territories for the caucasian republics, some of which withdrew, turkey after the first world president of turkey and death and nurse, refused and

addressed. with help from the united states and great britain , in order to prove its commitment to atlanticism, ankara sent a fairly significant contingent to korea for vanilla with the communists. so in the fifty-second turkey became a member of nato, the federal republic of germany joined the alliance 3 years later, in the forty-ninth three zones of occupation. english french and american were merged. in one of them, the frg was created , the main obstacle to its entry into nato remained the decision to demilitarize germany the path to joining the north atlantic alliance was opened by the paris agreements of 1954 between the frg and the usa great britain and france, in which the latter three renounced the status of the occupying powers, but retained partial control over the german army on may 6, 55 , after the ratification of the paris agreement, they were

the stag of the frg became a full member alliance, a month later the bundeswehr was founded and the federal ministry of defense was created, the question of germany's participation in nato was again raised in 1990 on the eve of the unification of bon and his the allies feared that the ussr would demand the neutral status of a united germany. however , the soviet leadership, headed by mikhail gorbachev, did not object to the further participation of the frg in the alliance, spain joined nato in may 82 only after the death of franco in march 86, under the rule of the socialists , a historic referendum was held in the country to stay in nato or not, most of the population was in favor but it was decided not to be part of a joint military structure, spain began to participate in the work of all political institutions of nato and even was an observer position was provided in the nuclear planning group. the armed forces were

under the control of the national command, everything changed only in the ninety-sixth parliament gave the go-ahead to participate in military structures. only when after the rope took over, the former spanish foreign minister javier salana was a long time member of the socialist party and previously an opponent of joining the alliance. has the light converged on nato look at the military financial assistance provided to ukraine by members of the alliance and did not dream of shortly before in vilnius, they started talking about israeli guarantees for ukraine. israel is not included in any blocs, but is directly connected with the united states. maybe this is some new concept, israeli guarantees, probably implied. something like verbal assurances that in the event of a crisis. whether the help is proven, what

kind of arms supplies or a direct american part. i don't know, to be honest, that nothing written in any agreement at the moment of aggravation is nothing more than a subject of negotiations. do not forget that the promise that was contained in the budapest the memorandum signed in exchange for ukraine's renunciation of nuclear weapons on the territory of the country is a little worth any agreements that are not backed by military success remain on paper. unfortunately us secretary of state james baker has said twice that nato will not go east, in fact. this was a condition for the withdrawal of soviet troops from germany, although the agreements were verbal and baker said that he meant only germany. although the final communiqué spoke of eastern europe as a whole against the backdrop of the end of the cold war. no one betrayed this meaning more it seemed important then, the treaty on conventional armed forces in europe in the artillery tanks of combat aircraft of the country, the participants

in this complex document. opportunities to conduct, large-scale combat were being decided. actions in europe, many experts began to call it the cornerstone of european security, but in the ninety-fourth year after the collapse of the ussr, when the clinton administration gave the green light to nato expansion, its task was not fulfilled, some members of the alliance did not join the treaty. and many have not even ratified it as compromise was signed. founding act russia nato however, this did not prevent the alliance from expanding in 2004, when it included seven states at once and to raise the issue of admitting the former soviet republics into its composition. but still, what guarantees does israel have from the united states , vgtrk correspondent sergei pashkov found out on

the spot? the most powerful and will be able in the middle east this reputation for 75 years since the establishment of the jewish state. she earned in five short and fierce wars with arab neighbors and countless army operations in the gas sector and the west bank of the jordan minimum losses maximum air defense effect is quite reliable, protecting civilian objects. in the days of shelling for the last time, the inhabitants of israel felt it last spring, when the drones of the king, one by one , eliminated a dozen high-ranking commanders of the islamic jihad in gaza. at the same time, no one here doubts that the most important source of all this power, money and technology, with which washington has been supplying the israelis for 70 years, the first element is

sale and supply of weapons. the most advanced most high-tech weapons that the united states owns or that are produced by the united states are directly supplied primarily to the state, israel , moreover, israel takes an active part in many developments of the latest weapons in the united states of america, since many developments, many components of many technologies. uh, they are, uh, invented and produced in israel by the first zenhower administration military financial aid agreement. concluded with tel aviv back in 1952, when the middle east became the arena of foreign policy confrontation between the soviet union and the united states , since then, military support from across the ocean has become an essential element of israel's national security over the past 70 years at the expense of american taxpayers. israel managed to create the most powerful in the middle east. armored forces stuffed with the most modern electronics

of a new generation of aviation and already legendary iron dome systems received $ 150 billion, israel received from the united states armament technology over the years , squadrons have been purchased with washington’s money, the latest f-35s have been developed anti-missile systems of the seventy-sixth year, israel has embarked on a rapprochement with egypt after a bloody war. doomsday begins receiving ongoing funding from the pentagon today. that's almost $4 billion a year. washington is closely watching to ensure that israel outnumbers its neighbors in terms of quantity and quality of armaments. however, all this directly depends on the momentary relations of strategic partners, if the next israeli government. suddenly , washington starts to annoy, he can turn on

the tap at any time because. there is no single global agreement on american security for israel, although there is no formal agreement on mutual security guarantees. there are a large number of declarations of memos made on behalf of the president on behalf of the senate of the congress and which say that america considers israel a very close ally in the middle east and will do everything necessary and in order to support his , uh, combat capability. hey, and even economic stability, the system of military technical cooperation between the united states and israel was formed over decades, the agreement was adjusted to the regional geopolitical situation. this system is based on dozens of government agreements, memorandums of direct contracts with suppliers and arms manufacturers , it is impossible to copy it and promises to be reproduced, israel and guarantees for ukraine joe biden,

most likely, did not mean arms supplies. here, kiev has long since left, israel is far behind, the head of the white house probably had in mind another nato is committed to join the war. if this decision is accepted by all countries, in the event of an attack on one of them, nato countries are obliged to protect each other, in our case there is no such thing, no one is obliged to enter the war for us, knowing the cocky nature of the ally, observing sharp changes in political course. when the us government changes, in principle, israel does not sign agreements on a defensive alliance, american pilots and marines do not cover heaven and earth, israel on its territory. no us military bases in critical situations. the king must rely on his own strength. sergey pashkov anastasia demyanets especially for international review, israel as

you can see, israel relies primarily on itself , and it is understandable, was the experience different? for a long time it was believed that in the six-day israeli war, israel reacted to a potential threat, however, in our days, thanks to new research, it has become. it is known that the egyptians and syrians did not mobilization in the area of ​​the soviet canal or from other actions of the arab states created the impression in israel that it was in danger as a result, tel aviv, without even warning the main ally of the united states, began a preventive war, a few days captured the silnaz peninsula gaza strip west bank of the jordan river east jerusalem and the syrian dutch heights were supported by the united states, israel even despite the erroneous attack by the israelis of the american reconnaissance ship liverty, it was not sunk, but american sailors died, the israelis apologized and paid compensation. well

, they were given a stern warning if israel starts again first, washington will refuse to support it. ally as a result in the seventy-third year on the eve of the military doomsday even know that the attack will be. well, i don’t know when in israel they couldn’t do anything about the calculation of the arabs to attack on a religious holiday. it did not justify itself, just thanks to the empty roads, the israelis quickly reacted, although the first blow of the egyptians was successful as a result of a counterattack the israelis suffered heavy losses for the first time soviet anti-tank missiles malyutka were used but the american conditions were met from the usa the air bridge from the latest american s5 galaxy helped deliver american tanks to israel and made up for the losses, however, israel felt the danger because the key condition for the victory of the thief in the israeli wars steel was not at all deliveries from the american military. according to

american studies, the balance of power in conflicts barely falls short of the coefficient. one to two, that is, against one israeli, the arabs could not put up even two soldiers, mainly for economic reasons, although they had a much larger population, however, the conflict of 73 years showed that if the arabs set a goal, they would achieve a result before that, israel started first , except for the forty-eighth year. that is why the yom kippur war ended with the resignation of defense minister moshe dayan and the end of the prime minister's career. golden mayor, and after 6 years, israel signed the peace agreement with egypt fifth article no one has yet checked the north atlantic collective security treaty, but everyone understands. is there in case of force majeure. it will not work, this is the end of the bloc, so

it is difficult to disown obligations within the framework of the alliance with bilateral agreements more shaky and more part. this promise means political, diplomatic , economic a and military. and what kind of congregation is the content, uh, it’s not yet clear, but this will become clear over time again and depends on the level of trust between your comments, but i’ll tell her from the fact that, firstly, it will continue, but diplomatic support in such international forms as i give you toothy he and this time atlantic support , that is, the girl is not personally the leadership of ukraine and economic uh, this is a continuation, but huge financial resources that are presented in

ukraine and are more honest, but military uh, cooperation and investment modernization, e and regulations e of the military-industrial complex of ukraine a and so on. well, the most important thing, now it is necessary to emphasize. this is the point, but these promises do not guarantee, but to the united states while taking part in a military conflict, and not against anyone. this is only a promise, and for the most part this phrase is for the fact that at first they already do during the time they are superfluous uh something. everyone talks about the risks that nato will take by adopting a real strategy for a country in military conflict with russia, look further. ukraine, of course,

is very dependent on western weapons, but its ability to fight is still due to its own circumstances. they fight with western weapons, but for myself i would say that i would have to benefit from ukrainian membership, because today ukraine may have the most capable army in all of europe, let’s say somewhere in europe a situation arises when collective security guarantees are in demand, according to article five of the north atlantic treaty and ukraine is not a member of nato, who can you count on the german army? no, so this armor also needs to be borne in mind. be that as it may, any speculative reasoning of anatov's prospects for ukraine is not yet known, the outcome of the current military confrontation. senseless, in my opinion, i i will tell you this so that we have no guarantee, the introduction is such, well, relatively long-term. clearly, nothing works. uh. now our

military operation must end. uh, the same, well, without a turning point, if you want an understanding that it ended, as it should, as it was in the forty-fifth year? without this guarantee that they will not accept ukraine, we will not get any. after an advertisement about another hero

of the summit in turkey , the phone calls went to your daughter alexei pryanikov small with us no longer. all one of

the commanders, who was with us, was worried about you , the task was completed . learn to write with your left hand

right cave of love this is the level. this is where