hello on the air international review in the studio fyodor lukyanov today in the program international review events of the week chronicle facts comments. grain deal in the past ukraine wants to change logistics, but eastern europe vs. who bought ukrainian grain mission to feed africa

we are pleased with the stability that the grain industry is gaining thanks to a long-term contract. i can now make more solid plans to go out and buy the new equipment i need i look to the future with optimism that i will sell everything that i will grow a report by a canadian television company in the 1980s, farmers respond to an agreement on the supply of grain to the ussr , stability is a guarantee of optimism. action ended this week. the black sea grain corridor initiative for the export of ukrainian agricultural products across the black sea. the so -called grain deal was concluded a year ago. it was a set of indirect agreements with the participation of russia, ukraine

, turkey and the un moscow constantly complained about the failure to fulfill promises to ensure unhindered access to russian fertilizers to world markets. moscow will not heed the complaints, and the agreement was issued by the ministry of defense. warned any ships following in the conflict zone. we will consider how kuleba, who has a military appointment as the minister of foreign affairs of ukraine, is firm, kiev is ready for any risks, but the largest insurers will keep the corridor even without russia. already withdrew insurance coverage from possible flights to ukraine e to ukraine and e, they said, accordingly, that all statements are on the subject of possibility. uh, maritime trade. uh, without uh security guarantees from russia, they are , as it were, cut off from reality, insurance and tailcoat against the conditions. uh, hmm, it becomes

impossible, that is, insurance is there, if you can, it becomes prohibitively expensive. we , of course, will not justify any grain. and if there are those who want to organize military escort of ships for the carrier, the escort changes something does not change anything, the risk remains insurance coverage. no, that is, the carrier risks, and he risks, so to speak, several degrees. eh, first of all, christmas insurance, he is fully responsible for loading. excuse me, he will be loaded with grain worth several million dollars and this is his direct loss, and he bears full financial responsibility for the ship to his shareholders there or his pockets, if he actually

has owners, moreover, many of these owners are here in the league. and not only specifically, it is which when it went and even safely returned by karma. all who have conveyed this agreement, that is, us the owners. uh, such campaigns, uh, they just hang houses less than the constant threat of the most natural bankruptcy of complete bankruptcy. great britain established a naval blockade of germany at the very beginning of the war , they began to take it seriously only after the war began to drag on . britain could not put up a large army, so it engaged in the economic strangulation of germany the industrial revolution led to the fact that the population moved from the villages to the cities and, if before each country more or less provided itself with grain, now the industrialized states. more and more people are starting to buy products abroad . britain announced that all ships that

go to germany will be inspected, and german ones will simply be captured. the german merchant fleet was old after the british in 2015, the french calculated that during the first autumn of hostilities, 80 kg of chocolate were brought to sweden for every inhabitant. this, including old people and babies. germany received goods through gray imports through neutral countries. the government did not blockade the baltic coast, and sweden , norway and denmark opposed the blockade of the united states , by the way, they also adhered to neutrality until the seventeenth year, then in london it was decided to introduce a system of rationals. that is, to limit the flow of goods to neutral countries more than the volumes that they consumed before the war, the surplus was declared smuggling to it, and so was any military supply. and now added

everyday goods food fores clothing and even shoes considered the question so important that the special ministry of blockade was organized with a large then colonial powers and holland, concluded whole agreements on a reduction in foreign trade, the dutch overseas crackle appeared, which distributed goods within the country and became the british control authority, including to the scandinavian country . he led to the fact that germany began to fall with export and imports with the help of submarines organizing a counter-blockade of the british isles was considered even relatively successful, as long as the boats attacked separately, going ships, but in the seventeenth year the british introduced a system of convoys, and the effectiveness of the german submarine fleet. went down. germany declared unlimited submarine warfare and declared that it would sink neutral ships of the victim; the steamer, the lusitania, was launched to the bottom by the german u-20 submarine

, more than a thousand people died, and among them many americans, the press presented the sinking of a passenger liner as an act barbaric way of introducing war before sinking a merchant ship. it was necessary to ensure the safety of passengers, and the submarine cannot do this for obvious reasons, the tragedy of the lusitania turned against germany the american public opinion and pushed the united states the last major neutral power to enter the war in a long war of attrition this changed the nature of the blockade and eventually led to the defeat of germany ukraine announced mirror measures against russian ships we have, at least for words a new round of escalation.

the threat of a naval blockade is complicated by the fact that the legal status of the conflict has not been clarified, no one has declared war, if we consider the situation as peaceful, one must refer to international maritime law, primarily the un convention of 82, but the americans somehow do not seem like the world, that within the framework of this law, its norm of the position and there are very interesting questions about what are the norm and provisions of this law by international law that everyone must comply with. well, i think and i suppose, of course not, because there are no universal imperative norms. everyone observes in their own way. the americans believe that within the framework of this international law of armed conflicts , certain maritime ones can be created. they call them differently. exclusion zone. the forbidden zone is an operational zone, a military zone, if we use the analogy of our kind of mid, this is a temporary dangerous zone, we created it exactly on february 25, 22. and this is a large part of the tak

water area of ​​the northwestern part of the black sea. that is, this is the entire aquatoria, which, as it were, ours and ukrainian to the border with romania. you understand, yes, that is, that's it. here, we kind of closed for zandering whether we had the right to do it again slavik on american experts american experts believe that yes. such zones are absolutely legal and practice confirms that this is so? what practice is the practice of the historical alkan war for the malvinas islands. argentina great britain did exactly the same, argentina closed the big one. part of the south atlantic ocean, well it's simple che-was not interesting for the international shipping industry. in principle, they promised that they would take absolutely all warships and civilian ships. the same was remembered was the secret war, the eighties 888 between iraq and iran, they also closed

a huge water area and said that any ships. well, of course, warships will also be subject to attack. you can’t pass the same thing. the americans in the code of the first and second iraqi companies did not close a sufficiently large part of the territorial sea iraq and huge parts of the water area around oil and gas production plans, that is, the practice exists. the americans refer to this practice in such zones. it is possible, it turns out a direct attack is quite realistic naval war of 1909, it is supposed to. what is the available communication channel through which the warning is communicated. if there, after the second or third birth, it does not work, then e begins with the use of weapons. it all depends on the blockade regimes. and if we are , relatively speaking, a police blockade, then we can try to take responsibility then search

friend. well, since we see an armed conflict, uh, with the use. aviation missile systems with the presence of the enemy, as we know, coastal artillery in the form of anti-ship missile systems, which have already worked with an unpleasant effect. unfortunately, even under these conditions. i'm afraid to try to service there, search the group, risk their lives, there are marine latins. 15 no one will. just after there the second third warning. on a common radio channel, there will be no answer to it and the ship will not turn back, most likely, it will be from such to detain any civilian warships . yes, it is necessary here, as if this situation was also defined, as if into two parts, for example, it will be here with the ukrainian flag or belonging to the ukrainian court. well,

about the same thing, yes, in principle, an armed conflict provides for you, yes. we always within such a zone have the right to stop inspection and further detention, and even, as it were, to use weapons against a civilian ship. but, if we do so, we must understand very well, and let's report that, let's say we are available, it is being transferred into service, it is involved in some kind of reconnaissance activities. or maybe it is no longer even a civilian vessel, but a military-powerful vessel. well, in general, in general, it is involved in some kind of armed conflict. that is, as if a participant in this armed conflict , then, of course, any measures can be applied; there is also a restriction under

the international law of military conflicts that the crew and crew of citizens. well, of course, must be saved. well, you need to submit, as it were signal to use weapons. yes, they need to be saved. as if there are neutral countries. we are not talking about ukraine now, there are other countries, yes, which, in principle, can also escort their civilian merchant commercial vessels to the ports of ukraine. and so, too, within the framework of this law. well, it’s clearly formulated, as if a kind of position that yes, they , firstly, how can we also stop them, inspect them, detain them, if they also transfer weapons in a military conflict , then unconditionally participate in various activities. yes in general the legal status of what is happening is

of decisive importance the situation of peacetime and peaceful relations, in general , any clouds, ports and running zones, as it were, from the point of view. the resolution is an act of aggression, we are often very skeptical about resolutions of a general nature. yes, as it were, well, what is this general assembly, as if it is complete nonsense, but as if there are three judicial cases that confirm that this is done, you cannot block ports and the coastline, and there are three judicial cases. these are all the cases that were resolved within the framework of the key there are no international courts from international tuts and there is no court. here is the matter of determining corfu forty-ninth year. albania paid mining compensation for uk this case of nicaragua vs. the united states

is very funny, by the way, ok won the case not expensively. the americans illegally mined the entire equator near the coast of nicaragu, but the americans did very well. they simply did not recognize the jurisdiction of the court did not become a plot. and paid no compensation, but nicaragua won the case, and it entered, as it were, in the history of international maritime law and the case of iran against the united states. and the americans blamed that the iranians also mined some water areas, two warships were blown up there, and then they blew up two oil and gas producing rigs. and then i decided that no matter how it was proved that it was iran that mined. and the americans do not have enough arguments to use force aggression. yes, against iran , these three cases show that in peacetime,

if we believe that there is no armed conflict, that is, in peacetime, we do not have the right to any military blockade, any mining and detention of civilian ships. everyone agrees that exports across the black sea are in fact. now impossible. so, we return to the discussion about world food security , which was in full swing a year ago, russia is accused of neglecting the poorest, who are in dire need of grain goods, however, as it has been pointed out many times, it was not for them, but the facts are not a hindrance. moreover, the markets are really reacting nervously to the news from the black sea basins, but is it really about them, let's talk with a sign mikhail lavrov heads the russian egyptian business council there grain is an important part of the business, but our interlocutor has a very diverse experience with the topics

that we are talking about today michael hello. hello fedor ah, well , all world markets, including food markets, have experienced a great shock over the events of 22-23 years. ah, but in politics, for example, the ukrainian crisis, after all, did not cause these upheavals. he became a catalyst that's on food markets. is it related to the crisis, or what we see now has already accumulated there, yes, it has clearly accumulated. uh, this situation is getting worse and worse. i want to give you two numbers, which are really. eh, very very specific . what is the situation in the tenth year , the total volume of grain imports around the world amounted to 270 million plus or minus. yes, 10 years pass, 2020 is already 660 million. during this period , the world's population increases by 14%. but the fact is,

we are now running towards one billion tons and imports for a reason. this is not a business. this for survival. this is because of uh food security. and you give us another example, a specific example of egypt 100 million 110 million people-35 million tons of grain for those who do not understand grain. i want to mention that russia annually, and the exporter of about fifty-five million tons of grain , russia is the number one exporter of two, depending on the future. yes, that is, we are talking about colossal volumes, in addition, thirty- fifth million tons of egyptian grain is today. that's fifty-five million tons. it's fifty five percent. total country consumption. imagine you are the president of the country. and more than half

, and this figure, which is constantly growing, is more than half of what your people cannot eat in the country. that is, you are already dependent on the global market. this is all such a critical dependence, a critical dependence, and there was already such a historical warning not only to egypt to all mankind in the eleventh year, but in september, in my opinion, the tenth year , russian president medvedev suddenly suddenly closes the export of land. you remember power. is not just because of this , but it has become a push now, a new era is beginning, this is the era of war between importing countries, has come, and the list is increasing by 4 years

ago, pakistan which has always been able to produce all the food that is consumed is consumed. today i have already entered the club of importing countries. ah, and now the fight begins. soon the war from those who have this food and look at those for whom this is not a business, and the question of survival says, there is food everyone wants this food, but uh, a new question opens here. this is a question of sovereignty. what was not only the financial cost of this guarantee, received food, but there will already be conditions and so on, so i am in various articles that i write and speeches. i have already started talking about food sovereignty. because i expect a fairly large number of cases where the country will have to give up many elements of its sovereignty

in order to provide, and the volumes that are needed. in the sixty-third year , a drought occurred in the soviet union. by december, the country had harvested 20% less grain. a year earlier, the cataclysm also affected the socialist countries of eastern europe, a crop failure threatened with an acute shortage of bread, the soviet government decided to buy 12 million tons of grain from the usa and canada, giving over 400 tons of gold for it, such volumes were necessary not only for domestic consumption, but also to help the fraternal socialist countries, the hungarian leader. yana shkader. has already begun negotiations with washington, and in procurement without the participation of the ussr, moscow decided to play ahead of the curve and prevent loss of face since then. since then, the ussr annually bought bread overseas. although smaller volumes in the seventy-fifth year , the soviet union and the united states entered into a long-term

contract for the annual supply of eight million tons of grain in the seventy-ninth ministry of agriculture. shilo to sell the ussr another 17 million tons over the next year, but after the entry of soviet troops into afghanistan, president carter announced the termination of the contract. he promised that soviet grain would be bought by the state from american farmers at market prices. it was just part of a whole package of sanctions among them, a new restriction on the sale of high technologies, all joint cultural economic events were frozen, and soviet ships were forbidden to fish in us waters, this significantly reduced the catch in the ussr, but did not help the american sanctions strategy, which was fully supported only by great britain western europe agreed only to a grain embargo, which just did not achieve its goal, the ussr acquired wheat in argentina , canada, spain and australia, which did not

share the position of the united states, moreover, moscow will make a discount, which hit the pricing policy. american farmers us government spent more than 2 billion dollars to buy their products unpopular decision - impacted on the presidential elections of the eightieth year, carter's action was criticized by his rival and the future president of the role of reagan in april 81, he lifted the draft embargo. and the soviet troops in troubled afghanistan for another 8 years. please tell a. well, it's like a question. yes, i understand, it's a very political one, but still quantitative indicators play a very important role here. and if talk about quality in the sense of how the international trading system works in general. uh, food and compare it to what it was. well, for example, 50 years ago, where is this heading? well, look 50 years ago, trade was more regional yes 50

100 years ago, but e grain from argentina was not taken to pakistan or religion. now what is happening, how is a cartel figuratively an oligopoly of eight large trading houses or companies, as a formed market, yes, which in fact in the literature are specialized in putting on and bcd yes, these are bungy hags or so on, they control about 80-85% of the e market. that is, the grain trade, but there is a very important nuance here. these are big companies than strong ones. the first is ali the creators of information. they control literally all information among themselves, and therefore, instead of combining supply and demand, the market would give the necessary signals so that manufacturers

could adapt their behavior accordingly. uh, uh, the level of risk of their products and so on, as there is no demand for this. there are these companies that form the market and which gives one signal to the top of the manufacturer that no one wants abstinence difficult and now politics does not give and prices are falling, and the second point, which is very important, is logistics today, when you read literature, but in world grain trading. uh, more-more appears what is called march, smart logistics, actually. uh about when you uh, government buyers. egypt buys grain already sivkair er half, if not more, er, the cost of this grain. this is not his production. i am her production. this is this

logistics and logistics - this is a very big problem, because in fact on the planet. there is a huge potential to feed more and more people, but you understand, to feed is not to produce. and this is quite a big deception that he himself and other similar companies started that new technologies will make it possible to produce more. this is absolutely not true. uh, especially that let 's grow more in perm, uh, this finnish region, but from there this grain will reach the quarry. today, two phenomena, two problems, and already problems, that the demand reaches a level that does not give. great liquidity and very interesting, i read two children ago that according to the egyptian plan. uh, the government didn't get 3.2 million tons of grain, that's creepy. this is

a very, very dangerous signal, actually in the market. and uh, so this is a real problem and the second problem is that now the market is losing its effectiveness, its transparency, because now it starts very strongly political manipulation. you see, from until september, egypt lives on stocks, which he himself produces during the season imports - this september to march more or less was february at the peak and imports. egypt has enough storage infrastructure for two to three weeks. everything is fine. they say you are lovers of free markets, but there are constant so-called dissipations. yes, when something is violated, the system of the plan is violated, yes, which is a few years ago, when it was 2-3 years ago, some kind of evergreen some kind of ship

channel. well, who could this is the problem between russia and ukraine and russia west. in fact, this is not the cause of the problems. this just an accelerator, uh a disaster, but a disaster is inevitable. you don't have to wait for someone to help you and solve your problem and it's very interesting now the new uh event is the announcement of the merger of a huge american trader and witter. so history. here is a very interesting bomb. historical was three. by the way, these eddie uh bcd these eight uh traders are basically all americans. uh-huh, yes, that is, they really understand, they correctly set the tk, they work. e is not only to make money, but it is a huge tool of influence. it is necessary to understand this, but if bungi was and remains

one of the most. uh, the biggest grain traders in the world bunk about 25 years ago felt that more profits were in processing. including us surplus products, and therefore most of the profits are bagels. uh, it originated from exactly the pro sessions of processing various cultures, but now it opens. this is a new situation from which i speak, and what do the pains understand that they are a little lacking, right? hotel while neutralizing in different markets for trade, because now the struggle is sourcing it will be bloody.

they are that they take winds that have a lot, which are purely a trader who is equipped up to, and bungee in its ability to bargain and not bargain is not the key word here is not trade, but access to volumes and again those countries that need it most of all do nothing yet. well, it sounds like a real thriller. we will definitely invite you to continue in the fall, because the theme is gigantic and wild and interesting. thank you very much our guest was mikhail orlov food safety phenomenon comprehensive from war and peace to climate change is the latest now. perhaps the main topic in europe and asia is the temperature breaking records, it will be something else. from the lights from the fire to the frying pan the work of the australian artist peter an extremely expressive image of the hottest week on the planet climate emigrants drawing