hello on the air international review in the studio fedor lukyanov today in the program international review week of chronicles.

at the invitation of the chairman of the council of ministers of the ussr nikita sergeevich khrushchev, the presidents, the head of the government of the republic of gaana, dr. kvamin, kruma, and the persons accompanying him, kvamin kruma, the founder of independent ghana , bright and extraordinary one of the ideologists of the struggle for the liberation of africa in the middle of the last century , hangs in leningrad in the summer of the sixty-first inspired building socialism excursions to the cruiser aurora smolny where the great lenin worked and to the elektrosila plant how the working class of krum lives was once delighted that the city was named after the leader of the world proletariat, the head of the african

union azalea sumani. he is the president of the amur islands for 62 years. later i remembered that st. petersburg bears the name of peter the great , the builder, as he said the beautiful venice of the north. and we are also reproached in europe for centrism . the second russia-africa summit took place in an atmosphere of acute international tension. not only that the military-political crisis between russia and the west affects the whole world, and in africa , both specifically on the eve of the coup event in niger, and on the first day, rumors of clashes between rwanda and the democratic republic of the congo continent by middle age young hot. the african continent is one of the fastest growing and youngest in terms of population in the world already. now it accounts for almost 1/5 of all inhabitants of the earth and every third born on the planet. they

say that by the end of the century, it is the countries of africa that will provide more than half of the growth of the entire population of the earth, if in the sixties before the continent there lived less than three hundred million people, then today almost one and a half billion. that is, twice as much as in europe, and by 2050 - this is a figure. may double, even if in the near future the birth rate in african countries will decrease significantly, while this indicator on the continent is the highest in the world, on average there are more than 4 children per woman in nigeria, and salt even in a civil war is 5.2, and in nigeria six and seven tenths against this background exponential is observed. the growth of the young population today, the average age of the inhabitants of the continent is less than 19 years, and in a number of countries only 15, according to un forecasts, by 2100 the population of the continent will cross the mark of 4

billion people and young people from africa will make up half of the world's youth. the result is a boom in the birth rate and a decrease in the death rate of the american countries. mainly in the sub-saharan sahara are overpopulated, against this background, the problems of hunger are exacerbating the lack of fresh water , ethnic conflicts and migrations are growing. concern in the countries of the old world , according to the eu border agency frontax , in less than six months, the penetration of illegal immigrants into the eu through the central mediterranean sea has grown by almost 300% compared to last year. mostly. these are middle-class people from african countries whose savings. enough to pay some 3,000 euros to illegal guides to get to europe fu, the summit showed working with africa is difficult, but necessary

difficult, because there are many internal squabbles and external rivalry, but it is necessary, because this is the most important part of the world due to which it will grow the growth rate of the population, the economy and self-consciousness are impressive. russia has to study, but the prerequisites are not bad . we talked about this with the participants of the african conference in the altai club, which preceded the big forum. russia as both a fairer option, since driving the introduction of their policy in russia is what africans have always been looking for, that is, and which are justified by loan respect, that is, they to fit into internal politics to respect and

in general to respect even the choice of simply building in westerners , there are some other and other desires that always re-educate people to teach people how to kill? because cue balls, as they are, are also good, but in fact it is not a close past, but in africa it has not been forgotten. everyone remembers. what a positive role russia played in the history of ethiopia, saved us with its military support , it has a deep understanding of russia , support on an emotional level, and the russians realize you need a lot to come here more actively and expand cooperation.

it’s safe to be friends with him, so it comes out and they want to hear from russia it’s nice, but you shouldn’t deceive yourself with moscow’s policy, not everyone supports it, but there is another point, whether it’s right or not, russia is considered the antipode of the usa and the west but there are a lot of claims against them because former colonialism due to modern arrogance. well, look at the recent example of the head of african states preparing for the africa summit the united states has a clear attitude towards unilateral sanctions, it strongly rejects them. this by the way, the main organization of the continent, uniting everyone, and literally on the eve of the meeting, the americans announce we are introducing new sanctions against zimbabwe, although the african union clearly spoke out against it. well, it’s impossible, we ’ll talk to you, but we will still do what we want, because we have power, money, and you will have to obey. pogod claims that supporters of the change of power

vnedere waved the tricolor and portraits of the russian president, as before in the moth the kremlin is not behind the coup, as here but they suspected it in france, but for the locals , he personifies an alternative. people came out to protest against the us policy that supported the rebels in ethiopia with russian flags and portraits of putin because they know who is always on the side of the ethiopian people and this caused shock and rations for western embassies, and there are a lot of them. this is the headquarters of the african union. in africa , about a third of the world's mineral resources are concentrated, according to the us geological survey. more than half of the world's reserves of cobalt are rich in the bowels of the continent.

deposits of gold, diamonds, bauxites, phosphorites and rare earth metals necessary for the development of high-tech industry africa has large reserves of ore, including for ferrous metallurgy, almost all of the extracted raw materials and fuel are exported to economically developed countries, a significant part of promising territories have not been explored and the continent annually loses about $200 billion in natural capital due to illegal mining. although africa occupies one-fifth of the land , less than half of the land continent over the past decade, the total gdp of 54 countries of the american continent has grown one and a half times. and last year it reached almost 3 trillion dollars, in part, this was influenced by the demographic factor according to analysts' forecasts by 2040. africa will have the largest working-age population in the world. according to the munich institute for economic research, in the next 2 years

the most significant gdp growth will be observed in eastern central and southeast asia while europe and the us will grow at the slowest pace. among the others. economics. the economic growth of the continent is likely to exceed the global forecast and real gdp will be 4% instead of the estimated two and a half percent. once again , the african countries of benin côte d'evoir and fief and tanzania return to the top ten fastest growing economies in the world. africa's sympathy for russia and antipathy for the former metropolises does not negate the pragmatism of making a geopolitical choice and going to the barricades for it is not enough. who ready, however, calculations adherence to principles, not always antonyms south africa does not need to give up any of the partners

to take a position in someone's favor history has taught us that not joining is right to the south, there is gigantic pressure to choose a side now, but we we won't do it. we want to maintain and strengthen trade and economic relations with everyone. our economy is small and we simply do not have the right to rely only on some specific partners. yes, but always strategic choices need to be made. the world is changing, becoming a lot polarized, but it is definitely unstable. do you know who will be stronger than us in the next stage? so what, we are always with russia and russia has always been with us when we needed it. this is not a matter of current conjuncture, but of principles, even if we are under pressure, in the meantime, the plot of our kenyan author, how good bees help from evil elephants, or vice versa. in general, about the connection with nature. in voy county, which is surrounded by

national parks, the conflict between man and wildlife has escalated, local residents suffer from elephants that raid their farms for food and water. john s mu wakama of the kajira village was forced to sell one of his businesses because he couldn't protect it from unusual vandals. i started farming back in 2013. then the elephants were not so aggressive and for human activities. many elephant migration routes were blocked and they began to invade our farms in 2013. after the first elephant invasion, john moved from makkam in the hope of securing his farm, but this turned out to be not enough elephants continued to visit him to trample and eat the crop, then a british charity offered to help. save the elephons.

to protect the crops from elephants, experts have proposed to build bee hives around the perimeter of the farm. cube, huge mammals have broken thick skin, but on their body there are areas with soft tissues that are vulnerable to bites when attacked by bees. a distance of blue meters from each other and stretch a wire between them, which, when touch. i would shake them because of which the bees would fly out and attack the elephants, according to the farmer, wakama, bee fences and almost 100% effective. it's been a long time since an elephant last traded for my farm, out of 200 , only one ventured close. thank you according to records from local farmers , elephants no longer visit farms with bee hives it is believed that the growing population is to blame for the aggressive behavior of elephants , which invades the territory of animals and provokes them, but the makama farmer, blames a devastating drought that affects not only animals, but also people.

mostly elephants come from farms. in search of corn, even in the rainy season, when they already have plenty of food. i think they find it more nutritious they move from farm to farm even if they are a few kilometers apart 53 years she has six children and has also taken up beekeeping in this way. she hopes to protect her farm, her income is directly dependent on the harvest, despite the regular invasion of elephants. she doesn't want to can not give up agriculture come, but i do not give up and continue to engage. the farm, despite the difficulties the farmer makes sure that the hives are in good condition and regularly arranges scheduled checks, the bee hives really helped us to scare away the elephant. in addition, we have received additional income from the sale of honey, in late autumn and early winter , depending on the nature of the rainfall

. other means come to help. i built a tall watchtower. the elephant is afraid and thinks it is some big animal and stays away from necessity. take scaring away elephants. jones also uses a peculiar gun that he shoots with the watchtower. he worked. above it for many years, over time the elephants get used to the noise to keep them away. i came up with this tool out of tin cans and a flashlight. as soon as the elephants come to the farm, i shine a light on them, and then i start make noise. i don't leave. here it is, and yet the elephants do not back down, so sometimes farmers are forced to take up animal husbandry and switch to growing crops that animals do not like, such as chili peppers and sunflowers. now i am engaged in alternative cultivation of sunflower,

i sell it to companies. i also grow beans. hopefully they won't attract elephants, unpredictable weather and drought ravages the country every year and only intensifies the conflict between humans and wildlife, but a farmer in kajir managed to find a way out to help. they had the smallest creation in the ecosystem bees ensured the peaceful coexistence of farmers and elephants and prevented the destruction of crops, the killing of elephants and the death of people. advertisements of bees and elephants, but let's figuratively move to eastern europe, you don't remember the answer correctly. if a simple question turns into a quiz, it can help

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vladimir putin and alexander lukashenko fu, the first polish state was formed in 960 under the rule of the prince of the sack, the first of the dynasty, the piasts, he converted to christianity according to the latin rite 28 years before the baptism of russia, his son completed the process of forming the country. he conquered considerable territories and became the first king of poland in the middle of the xiv century, the last representative of the bastian dynasty. casimir iii seized the lands of the galician volyn principality and began to call himself the king of poland and the ruthenians in 1569. the union of lublin united

poland with the grand duchy of lithuania into a single state, better known as the commonwealth. it is located on the territory of modern poland lithuania ukraine belarus russia latvia and moldova it was a large country with a large population in poland this period is called the golden age. but further forward in 1772. by 1795, the kingdom of prussia erts, the duchy of austria and the russian the empire divided the commonwealth three times as a result of the third partition of poland for 123 years, disappeared altogether from geographical maps later, napoleon bonaparte created the principality of warsaw, dependent on france, on the lands of prussia, more of which, by decision of the congress of vienna, became part of russia as the kingdom of poland the territory was occupied by german and hungarian troops after the war. it

also became the core of the new polish state of the second polish-lithuanian commonwealth, which was headed by yuzov build plans to recreate poland in the tombs of the golden age led to the soviet-polish war, as a result, the treaty of riga was signed , according to which poland withdrew the former parts of the russian empire of western ukraine and western belarus on september 1, 39. hitler's germany attacked poland, world war ii began the polish government fled to london and the soviet union annulled all treaties and agreements concluded with him western ukraine and western belarus became part of the ussr poland regained independence only in forty-fifth, having become a polish people's republic under the rule of the communists, following the potsdam conference , a significant part of the territory of germany , the main part of east prussia, a. also, all the lands to the east of the inessa odor

became polish free, the city of danzing, gdansk and the large port of shteksten were pregnant in szczetn. let us ask our good friend, historian aleksey ilyich, the historian aleksey ilyich , if you look at history, how expansionism is generally characteristic of the polish state. the history of the century state it was the political empire of the 18th century. that is, where it could expand at the end of the 18th century, this state ceased to exist until the first world war. there was no polish state. at this time, we can say that the elites were

in a certain sense revanchist, that is, the slogan that determined their political position was the slogan, and the borders of 1772, that is, to restore the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, as it was before the partition? then at the beginning of the 20th century, when some opportunities actually began to open up perspectives for the polish state in poland as a very bitter dispute unfolds between the supporters of the borders of 1772, somewhat rethought can be philosophical and supporters of building a nation-state. interwar poland

actually did this in a sense, but she took it. what could vilno in a dispute with lithuania lvov lvov in a dispute with the ukrainians, grodno well, there was no one to argue with at all, especially. and the riga world, of course, when right before the second world war they had the opportunity to participate in undressed czechoslovaks, but did not participate. and after the second world war, it was generally a state with very limited sovereignty, which was tailored just for the national state, that is, as a result of moving not only the borders back. ah, but also the population. uh

, population exchanges ukrainians were sent to the soviet union uh, poles from uh, the territory that passed in the soviet union was sent, and the germans were expelled to poland. in general, this turned out to be a national state and, uh, after their dependence on moscow ended, a. to me it seems that they are not going to revise it, and they refuse it, that is, but now they have, uh, uh, what we can call a territorial acquisition. uh, they want to project influence to the east, but not to acquire new lands, and with them new problems, and the territory that was ceded to the ussr and then to ukraine, they have some special meaning for the poles for several decades after the second world war in exile . uh, walked.

poles dispute, which, of course, influenced the minds of people in poland itself how to relate to these lands. do we still have to follow this revanchist logic, but we won’t give up lvov we won’t give up, grodno we won’t give up the guilt, a and hmm miroshevsky were like that, and the two ideologists of polish immigration who said no, we must forget about it. we have to recognize the border. eh, as it is now, but instead we must try to build some kind of alliance union system in the future, with these peoples that are between

the russians and the poles, and this security belt. if they are with us, then we will be safe from the russians will not be with us, then the danger will be all the time. actually between the world wars. the poles also worked very actively with politicians from the territory, and they called it a promethean action for those who belonged to the soviet union. what were they? not only those who are right behind their eastern border but also, for example, georgian politicians are azerbaijani politicians who make up their politics. the well-known polish statesman marshal yuzeffitsky wanted to expand the second edition of the commonwealth yes to the entire territory between the baltic and black seas in

a new association called the interdurie, in addition to poland itself, ukraine , belarus, the entire baltic states, as well as yugoslavia , hungary, romania and czechoslovakia, were supposed to enter this led to the start of the polish-soviet war plans. the sawdust of slutsky was not implemented, but under the terms of the treaty of riga concluded in 1921, under the rule of poland, a significant territory of western ukraine and western belarus was settled by non-poles. at the beginning of the second world war, the project between maurier was forgotten, but in 2009 it surfaced again in the materials of the american analytical agency stratford in connection with the active support of poland by georgia during the august 2008 war , according to the wikilex website, between the sea was mentioned in emails almost 400 times, and in 2012 began to use this