who showed the conflict in ukraine the materials of our program? eastern europe and the window of opportunity the expansionism of polish politics, prospects and consequences at the invitation of the chairman of the council of ministers of the ussr nickel sergeevich khrushchev, the president, the head of the government of the republic of ghana, dr. kvant krum, and the founder of the independent ghana accompanying him, a bright and extraordinary one of the ideologists of the struggle for the liberation of africa in the middle of the last century, hangs in leningrad in the summer of the sixty-first inspired the construction of socialism excursions to cruisers aurora smolny, where the great lenin worked and at the electrosila plant, how the working class of krum lives was once delighted that the city was named after the leader of the world proletariat, the head of the african

union, azalea sumani. he is the president of the amur islands for 62 years. later i remembered that st. petersburg bears the name of peter the great , the builder, as he said, the beautiful northern venice and also us in europe are centrifuges. getting used to the second russia-africa summit was held in an atmosphere of acute international tension. not only is the military-political crisis between russia and the west affects the whole world, and in africa as specifically on the eve of the coup event in nigeria and on the first day, rumors of clashes between rwanda and the democratic republic of the congo continent of the last age of the young hot. the african continent is already one of the fastest growing and youngest in terms of population in the world. now it accounts for almost 1/5 of all inhabitants of the earth and every third born on the planet. they

say that by the end of the century, it is the countries of africa that will provide more than half of the growth of the entire population of the earth. are there any in the sixties less than three hundred million people lived before the continent, today almost one and a half billion, that is, twice as many as in europe, and by 2050 this figure. it could double even if africa's birth rate declines significantly in the near future, while the continent's birth rate is the highest in the world with an average of more than 4 children per woman in nigeria, and somalia, even in a civil war, five and 2 /10. and vera is six and seven tenths against this background, there is an exponential growth of the young. population today, the average age of the inhabitants of the continent is less than 19 years, and in a number of countries only 15, according to un forecasts, by 2100 the population

of the continent will cross the mark of 4 billion people and young people from africa will make up half of the world's youth. the result is a boom in the birth rate and a decrease in the death rate of the american countries. mainly the sub-saharan sahara are overpopulated, against this background , the problems of hunger are exacerbated, the lack of fresh water , ethnic conflicts and migrations , anxiety is growing, and in the countries of the old world according to the eu border agency frontax , in less than six months, the penetration of illegal immigrants into the eu through the central mediterranean sea has increased by almost 300% compared to last year. mostly. they are middle-class africans whose savings are enough to pay illegal guides around 3,000 euros to get them to

europe . the most important part of the world due to which it will increase the growth rate of the population , the economy and self-consciousness are impressive russia has to study, but the prerequisites are not bad , we talked about this with the participants of the african conference in the altai club, which preceded the big forum. russia as both a fairer option, since driving the introduction of their policy in russia is what the african has always been looking for, that is , loans that are justified respect, that is, they fit the internal police to respect and in general

respect even the choice of simply building in westerners others on the rabbi, others some other desires there always re-educate people will teach people how to kill? because beat, like they are good too, really. this is the soviet past, but it has not been forgotten in africa. everyone remembers. what a positive role russia played in the history of ethiopia saved us with its military support in society. there is a deep understanding of russia, support on an emotional level, you need to be much more active. go here and expand cooperation. it is more reliable to be friends with him,

therefore, it turns out that they want to hear it with russia, it’s nice, but you shouldn’t deceive yourself with moscow’s policy, not everyone supports it, but there is another point, whether or not russia is right , whether it is considered the antipode of the usa and the west impudence. well, look at the recent example of the head of african states preparing for the africa summit the united states has a clear attitude towards unilateral sanctions, it strongly rejects them. this , by the way, is the main organization of the continent, uniting everyone and literally on the eve of the meeting, the americans announce we are introducing new sanctions against zimbabwe. although the african union clearly spoke out against it. well, it’s impossible, we ’ll talk to you, but we will still do what we want, because we have power, money, and you will have to fix it. it won’t work that way, he claims that supporters of the change of power in

nigeria waved the tricolor and portraits of the russian president, when this is not the case in the moth, the kremlin is not behind the coup, as they immediately suspected in france just for the locals he represents the alternative. people came out to protest against the us policy that supported the rebels in ethiopia with russian flags and portraits of putin because they know who is always on the side of the philosophical people and this caused shock and monuments for western embassies, and there are a lot of them. this is the headquarters of the african union. in africa , about a third of the world's mineral resources are concentrated, according to the us geological survey. more than half of the world's reserves of cobalt are located in the bowels of the continent. rich deposits of gold, diamonds, bauxites, phosphorites and

rare-earth metals necessary for the development of high-tech industry africa has large reserves of ore, including for ferrous metallurgy, almost all of the extracted raw materials and fuel are exported to economically developed countries, a significant part of promising territories have not been explored, and the continent annually loses about $ 200 billion of natural capital due to for illegal mining. although africa takes up one-fifth of the land for successful agriculture. less than half of the land on the continent has been usable in the past decade, the total gdp of 54 countries of the african continent has grown by one and a half times. and last year it reached almost 3 trillion dollars, in part, this was influenced by the demographic factor according to analysts' forecasts by 2040. africa will have the largest working -age population in the world. according to the munich institute for economic research

, the most significant gdp growth in the next 2 years will be observed in eastern central and west africa as well as in south and southeast asia, while europe and us will grow at the slowest rate. among the others. economics. the economic growth of the continent is likely to exceed the global forecast and the real gdp will be 4% instead of the estimated 2.5%, once again the african countries will return to the top ten fastest growing economies in the world. africa's sympathy for russia and antipathy for the former metropolises does not negate the pragmatism of making a geopolitical choice and going to the barricades for it is not enough. who is ready , however, calculations of integrity, not always the antonyms of south africa do not need to be abandoned from any of the partners to take a position in

someone's favor, history has taught us that there is no joining. that's right. south, there's a gigantic pressure to choose a side now, but we're not going to do that. we want to maintain and strengthen trade and economic relations with everyone. our economy is small and we simply do not have the right to rely only on some specific partners. yes, but you still have to make strategic choices. the world is changing, becoming a lot polarized, but it is definitely unstable. you don't know who will be stronger than us in the next stage? so what, we are always with russia and russia has always been with us when we needed it. this is not a matter of the current situation, but of principles, even if we are under pressure, in the meantime, the plot of our kenyan author, how good bees help from evil elephants, or vice versa. in general, about the connection with nature. in woy county, which is surrounded

by national parks , the human-wildlife conflict has escalated, local residents are suffering from elephants who raid their farms in search of food and water. jones mukama from the village of kajira was forced to sell one of his firms, because he could not protect it from unusual vandals. i started farming back in 2013. then gloriously were not so aggressive and behind human activities. many elephant immigration routes were blocked and they began to invade our farms in 2013 after the first elephant invasion. jones maqama, moved in the hope of securing his farm, but this was not glorious enough continued to visit him to trample and eat the crop, then the help was offered by the british charitable organization safe, and experts offered to build an elfond to protect crops from elephants along the perimeter of the farm.

apanina kid is a huge mammal with thick skin, but there are areas of soft tissue on their body that are vulnerable to bites. when attacking, bees usually sting in the head, the idea is to place the hives at a distance of blue meters from each other and stretch a wire between them, which when touched. i would shake them because of which the bees would fly out and attack the elephants, according to the wakama farmer, the bee fence is almost 100 % effective, and ksuza, it's been a long time since an elephant last invaded my farm out of 200, only one dared to come close to the crop, judging by the records of local farmers, elephants no longer they go to farms where bee hives are located, it is believed that the growing population is to blame for the aggressive behavior of elephants , which invades the territory of animals and provokes them, but the farmer in akama blames the destructive azuha from which not only animals suffer, but also people. crap,

mostly elephants come to farms in search of corn, even during the rainy season, when they already have a lot of food, i think they find it more nutritious, they move from farm to farm, even if they are several kilometers apart 53 years, she brings up six children and also took up beekeeping in this way. she hopes to protect her farm, her income is directly dependent on the harvest, despite the regular invasion of elephants. she does not want and cannot give up agriculture. remember the homos still comes but i i do not give up and continue to engage in agriculture . despite the difficulties , keeping the hives in good condition and doing regular scheduled checks on the bee hives really helped us keep the elephant away. in addition, we received additional income from the sale of honey. yes, at the end of autumn and winter began, depending on the nature of the precipitation, the procession of elephants intensifies. this is an extremely unfortunate and dangerous

time for farmers who are looking forward to the harvest during this period , other means come to the rescue. be a friend. i built high guard tower. the elephant thinks it is some kind of large animal and stays away if necessary to scare away the elephants. jones also uses a kind of gun that he fires from the watchtower. he has been working on it for many years. over time, the elephants get used to the noise to keep them away. i came up with this tool out of tin cans and a flashlight as soon as the elephants come to the farm. i shine a light on them, and then i start making noise, i don't go away. and yet the elephants do not retreat, so sometimes farmers are forced to take up animal husbandry and switch to growing crops that animals do not like, such as chili peppers and sunflowers. now i am engaged in alternative sunflower. i sell it

to the company. i also grow beans. i hope they don't attract elephants. unpredictable weather conditions and drought devastate the country every year and only increase the conflict between people and wildlife, but the kajir farm managed to find a way out to help them, the smallest creature in the ecosystem came to bees provided peace the coexistence of farmers and elephants and prevented the destruction of crops, the killing of elephants and the loss of life. bees and an elephant, but let's figuratively move to eastern europe . what is the pin code here, you don't remember the answer correctly. if a simple question turns into a quiz, it can help for

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is in the spotlight. vladimir putin and alexander lukashenko spoke last week as a front-line country and the most provocative in terms of the war, saying that warsaw is seriously aiming at its former eastern lands. now they are part of ukraine and belarus , the redistribution of the borders of eastern europe is not far off. the first polish state was formed in in 960, under the rule of the prince of the sack, the first of the dynasty, the piasts, he converted to christianity according to the latin rite, 28 years before the baptism of russia , his son completed the process of forming the country. he conquered considerable territories and became the first king of poland in the middle of the 14th century. the last representative of the bast dynasty, casimir iii , seized the lands of the galician volyn principality and began to call himself the king of poland and russia in

1569. the union of lublin united poland with the grand duchy of lithuania into a single state better known as speech, commonwealth. it is located on the territory of modern poland lithuania ukraine belarus russia latvia and moldova it was a large country with a large population in poland this period is called the golden age. but further in the period from 1772. until 1795, the kingdom of prussia erts, the duchy of austria and the russian empire three times divided the commonwealth as a result of the third partition of poland for 123 years, generally disappeared from geographical maps later napoleon bonaparte created warsaw dependent on france on the lands of prussia the principality, most of it, by decision of the congress of vienna, became part of russia as the kingdom of poland. during the first world war, this

territory was occupied by german and hungarian troops after the war. it also became the core of the new polish state of the second polish-lithuanian commonwealth, which was led by the philosophical plans to recreate poland on the borders of the golden age, led to the soviet-polish war, as a result, the treaty of riga was signed, according to which poland seceded the former parts of the russian empire of western ukraine and western belarus september 1, 39. hitler's germany attacked poland world war ii began the polish government fled to london and the soviet union annulled all treaties and agreements concluded with it western ukraine and western belarus became part of the ussr poland regained independence only in the forty-fifth century as a result of the potsdam conference, the polish people's republic under the rule of the communists received a significant part of the territory of germany , the main part of east prussia a. also all

the lands to the east of inessa's strike became polish free-city dancing gdansk and the large port of shteken, renamed szczecin. let us ask our good friend, historian aleksey miller , aleksey ilyich, if we look at history, to what extent expansionism is characteristic of the polish state in general. history with the polish state of the 18th century it was the political empire of the 18th century. that is, where it could expand at the end of the 18th century, this state ceased to exist until the first world war. polish there was no state. at this time, we can say

that the elites were in a certain sense revanchist, that is, uh, the slogan that determined their political position was the slogan, but the borders of 1772, that is, restore the speech to the police, what it was before the partition? then, at the beginning of the 20th century, when some prospects for the polish state actually began to open up in poland , a very tough dispute between supporters of the borders of 1772 was just turning away, somewhat rethought, it can be philosophical and supporters of the construction nation state. interwar poland

actually did this in a sense, but she took it. what could it be in a dispute with lithuania lvov lvov in a dispute with ukrainians, grodno well, there was no one to argue with at all, especially, but the greek world, of course, when right before the second world war they had the opportunity to take part in undressed, czechoslovaks, i didn’t participated. and after the second world war, it was generally a state with very limited sovereignty, which was tailored just for the national state, that is, in as a result of the displacement of not only the borders to the west, but also the population, and the exchanges of the population

, ukrainians were sent to the soviet union e, poles from e, the territory that had passed in the soviet union was sent, and the germans expelled to poland. in general, this turned out to be a national state and, uh, after their dependence on moscow ended, a. it seems to me that they are not going to revise it, and they refuse it, that is, but now they have, uh, uh, what we can call a real acquisition. uh, they want to project influence east, but not uh to acquire new lands, and with them new problems, and the territory that was ceded to the ussr and then to ukraine, they have some special meaning for the poles for several decades after

the second world war in exile. eh, hmm, there was a stubborn argument, which, of course, influenced the minds of people in poland itself how to relate to these lands. do we still have to follow this revanchist logic, but we won’t give up lvov we won’t give up, grodno we won’t give up the guilt, a and hmm miroshevsky were like that, and the two ideologists of polish immigration who said no, you have to forget about it. we must recognize the border. eh, as it is now, but instead we must try to build some kind of alliance union system in the future with

these peoples who are between the russians and the poles. if they are with us, then we will be safe; if they are not with us, then there will be danger all the time. actually, between the world poles also very actively worked with politicians from the territory, and they called it a promethean action for those who belonged to the soviet union. in what it was not only those who are right beyond their borders and eastern but also, for example, georgian politicians and azerbaijanis it was an important component of their policy.

the well-known polish statesman marshal yuzeffitsky, wanted to expand the second edition of the commonwealth to the entire territory between the baltic and black seas in a new association called the interdurie, in addition to poland itself , ukraine, belarus, the entire baltic, as well as yugoslavia, hungary, romania and czechoslovakia, this led to the beginning of the polish-soviet war plans. sawdust slutsky were not implemented, but under the terms of the riga peace concluded in 1921 under the rule of poland turned out to be a significant territory of western ukraine and western belarus inhabited by non-poles at the beginning of the second world war, the project between morier was forgotten, but in 2009 it resurfaced in the materials of the american analytical agency stratford in connection with the active support of poland by georgia during the war on august 2008, according to the wikilex website, at sea was mentioned almost 400 times in emails, and since

2012, stratford began to use the term publicly, its founder george friedman wrote, that poland should have distanced itself from the eu and form a bloc with the rest of the countries of central and eastern europe in 2016 in croatian dubrovnik, a new alliance , the three seas initiative , was born. duda a year later in warsaw at the second summit of this organization, donald trump said that the united states seeks to provide more access to alternative energy sources so that her neighbors will never again become hostage to a single supplier of energy resources has become a common polish american project for the supply of liquefied gas to europe 2 months before the start of the russian special operation in ukraine columnist for the newspaper polsko.