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origin, experts are confident that this find will make a significant contribution to the understanding of the physics of elementary particles; a significant part of the theoretical work and data processing was carried out by russian physicists in collaboration. feiser took on this task, the joint institute for nuclear research and registration events interact with netrinos using electronic detectors. well, there is a nuclear emulsion detector, and it is also designed to register nitrine, and of all three types, the new principle of detecting neutrinos can complement our understanding of these mysterious particles, which are the most common in the universe. just imagine, every second , trillions of nitrine fly through us . particles that arise during uh, radiative decay. uh, together with the electron one appears, irina, together with the positron, not three, yes, and

in this sense, this is a particle that we kind of deal with every day, but we just don’t notice them at all. the fact is that not trines interact very very weakly; it flies through ordinary matter and very rarely does anyone from within simply interact, that is , we can only detect three of them after this particle has entered the atomic nucleus, which very small that is why the probability that there will be neutrinos. interact with matter is very small, yet scientists have long they have learned to catch neutrinos in russia; they are able to detect ghostly particles in laboratories located in the caucasus mountains and at the bottom of lake baikal, and each such catch can be said to be a small key that opens the door to a huge world of mysteries and secrets. after all, the first neutrinos appeared literally a moment after the formation of the universe , from the time they peeled off, and this was the universe, uh, less than 1 second old. and

since then we have been hissing at the end, but they have not interacted with anyone, and they have kept it to themselves. uh, the trace of that universe, that is, that same one the early universe which existed in that era, if we learn to find uh, we will find a way to measure them. how to measure their characteristics, we will thus be able to see, but in a sense, like a photograph of the universe of that era, more than half a century of observation by scientists around the world. it was never possible to determine the mass of the neutrino because it is very small. but, perhaps, soon it will be possible to do this earlier . phantom particles that are created in colliders were caught only at very large distances from the place of their appearance, and now only at the european organization for nuclear research. we managed to get close to the birthplace of the neutrino. i want to show you as close as possible how the phaser laboratory works, where we built a detector, which was then moved to the large hadron collider.

yes, it's not removed here, but this is where we built the phaser before placing it in the tunnel, the metal plates that you see here are what we built the model detectors from, 2020 and 2021, and then we transferred it into the tunnel with the collider for use v experiments. the phaser collaboration installation for detecting neutrinos in switzerland was created from components that were left over from past experiments, the equipment was placed in one of the side service corridors of the collider, thanks to this, scientists managed to catch more than 150 nitrines, according to experts, the registered particles have the highest energy ever obtained in laboratory conditions, in order to register these trines , these two experiments were built, factors and the cis, which is actually a doctor, who which netrinos are detected, that is, the new installation is also designed to search

for new particles of unknown dark matter , before this experiment scientists recorded. mostly low-energy neutrinos, coming primarily from the sun, however, according to numerous studies from the depths of space. phantom particles with ultra-high energies are coming to us, comparable to scalider ones even now. work with neutrinos begins in a completely new energy range that has not been accessible until now. there is a possibility that among tounds-ion and electron neutrinos can be detected; the relics are the most elusive and the most interesting - this is yours. how many elements were formed means to explain the nuclear processor we know and the timbre of the expansion. uh, the universe. we perfectly describe the processes that occur there, and the expansion rate of the universe in that era was significantly influenced by the presence of neutrinos; we don’t measure it any other way. we don't see

them. uh, the way we see relict photons thanks to experiments on the large hadron collider in physics will be able to study the properties of neutral particles and their interactions with ordinary matter at a different level; these studies will provide statistics on neutrino interactions and perhaps allow us to learn a lot of new things about the properties of neutrinos arriving to us. distant objects in the universe, and ultimately determine the mass of ghostly particles, as well as create a theory of dark matter. they knew that the main thing in the plan was creaminess, and ekaterina knew how to find natural cream for this; we do the scooter well together at gazprombank. credit cash for any purpose is issued at lightning speed from three and nine percent per annum, the first month is zero percent. apply

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can be driven both from the mains and on batteries. now all systems of the machine are being tested at the railway test site in moscow . how long will the test last? according to the test plan, the tests will last until the end of this year. any new locomotive undergoes a certain, ah, volume of these tests, and according to this program. we are now going with our eika. the operation of all systems is checked and their effectiveness . safety is the operation of systems. uh, braking traction system. in this case, we check the operation of our the battery, which uh, is part of this traction system, is a unique property of this machine, and all sorts of tests are carried out. regarding the compatibility of the locomotive with the infrastructure , the development of the machine was carried out in 2019.

all systems were initially conceived, russian -made, based on a single platform of shunting locomotives created by transmoshholding, but essentially only the appearance, dimensions, cabin, chassis of the bogie frame remained common, the rest had to be created from scratch. this technology allows replace with electric locomotives. diesel locomotives, shunting diesel locomotives, which today operate at passenger stations, work with passenger cars. sending them to technical areas where they are washed and cleaned. uh, they are also equipped to deliver these cars assembled into trains onto the platform. for boarding passengers and further dispatch by mainline electric locomotive to its intended destination , a hybrid locomotive, unlike a diesel locomotive , does not produce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. in addition , they wanted to create such a machine for a long time by significantly reducing the noise level, but the batteries

the required power and the ability to not quickly lose charge and work in any weather appeared recently when determining what modes of movement should be provided, and we got the following scheme for using the battery of the entire battery cell, once every 10 years they must be replaced for the appropriate types of locomotive repairs . at the same time, naturally , all work must be provided with a reserve on days from the battery’s life to the ninth, so that the battery capacity is sufficient, including work on ensuring the climate, and the cabin driver, that is, its battery capacity of 300 kw must not only bring the locomotive to its destination. well, also heat the driver’s cabin at a temperature of -40° for at least several hours. the battery is stored at

the lokomotiv here, tests have shown that it has a range of about 100 km and a maximum speed of 70 km/h. 100 km on the battery, the locomotive can travel at idle speed, that is, without cars, and then the distance varies depending on the mass of the passenger train. it is approximately 1100-1200 t. at this moment the range is about 20 km charges the battery via a contact network through a pantograph; payback due to savings on fuel, even without taking into account environmental factors. be that as it may, it occurs in the fifth, sixth, seventh year of life, depending on the characteristics of operation at a particular site. in locomotives like these. maybe reach hundreds of units, while two machines have been created for testing based on the data obtained,

the novocherkassk electric locomotive plant is building a third, which will become the standard for serial production and will produce the hybrid. today, russian railways transport 86% of cargo using electric traction, which allows the company to be a world leader in this direction, as assessed by the international energy agency and the international union of railways, and in terms of energy efficiency of passenger traffic. we are in fourth place after india , china and japan and there is a chance to overtake us , including due to the electrification program for women . in turn, we spend about 70 g per 1 ton km. and, if we switch to electrification on new cars, yes, with a synchronous motor, which is there planned, this is about 10-12 g. and per

ton kilometer of cargo work, that is , almost 6.5 seven times, we will reduce co2 emissions into the atmosphere. this is only co2 . therefore, the development of bama, the construction of a second track and electrification will not only provide a significant economic effect of increasing freight traffic, but also environmentally friendly trains will become quieter. this will reduce the impact on nature and people living near the railway, another option for reducing emissions. electrification work is currently underway. transition to gas turbine locomotives, these machines. also now tested in russian railways, in addition to co2, we get a global reduction in emissions for other e, heavy nomenclatures that are present yes, for impurities in diesel fuel in fuel oil when using gas. this, accordingly , reduces the use of innovative rolling stock, which allows the use of less volume of cars. yes

, with a larger volume of cargo to transport, so that we reduce the number of cars in the train, so that we can accordingly move along the path of reducing the number of trains while increasing the volume of transportation. with an increase in russian railways transportation constantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions , the company was faced with the task of reducing them by 25% from the 1990 level. and this was done with a margin of almost 50 % already in 2020. to keep up with the times, russian railways adopted an environmental strategy until 2030 with a view to 35, it was finalized last year taking into account modern requirements, the complex covers eight main areas of activity, in addition to procurement energy efficient rolling stock. this is , for example, rational water use and reduction of water pollution, target

program in russian railways was called clean water. it includes reconstruction, modernization and construction of water intakes. our enterprise in many cases is a city-forming enterprise and our water intake systems supply the population, so we also bear the burden of supplying drinking water to the population, and the enterprises located near the railways. if we talk again about water disposal, then the station, orsk serves the entire city; water purification goes through us. in russian railways respects nature even at the stage of construction and reconstruction of the tracks , specialists lay the insulating material for the drainage system, and install a special grid on top. this allows all runoff, such as rain, to flow into the reservoirs. then they are pumped out and transferred to treatment facilities. russian

railways also implement a closed cycle system, when waste water is treated and used again, including for washing trains, thus saving a significant amount of resources. russian railways unites volunteers this year, 200 people in 3 days cleared the coastal area of ​​the circum-baikal railway from debris and improved the shoreline of the lake in the slyudyansky district, the environmental campaign clean shores. baikal passed for the third time, the unifying idea of ​​the project. it should be better after us than before us. the protection of lake baikal does not end with an eco-action of places ; construction and installation work of russian railways at almost two dozen sites that are part of the central ecological zone of the largest lake in russia is carried out according to all strict

nature protection rules so during the reconstruction of the andrianovskaya station , a plot of 10 hectares was allocated for part of the road. naturally, the cuttings were fully compensated by planting new trees. they also released fry of omul and grayling into the irkutsk reservoir. last year we supported an expedition to study the baikal seal in order to understand in general what changes are taking place in the biosphere and what changes are taking place in baikal; the expedition showed that it actually affects the habitat. yes in boykal from the railway side. this is definitely not the case, because, well, there are practically no emissions there. why was the nerpa chosen as the top, probably, of the food chain, the way the nerpa feeds on fish. there the fish feed on plankton. zelenogradsk , a resort city in the kaliningrad region , attracts more and more

tourists every year, so that they can comfortably get to the local station, another platform is being built. when developing the design , the specialists took into account the peculiarities of the local architecture, installed new benches, external ones made of wood. well, actually it's recycled plastic in the river today. they try to use recyclable materials to reduce the burden on the environment; these are polymers , polymers that are collected by caring citizens. uh, separate collection. e also the organization in particular russian railways e what is it, for example, these are crushed boxes with a subset of fruits with under vegetables boxes that can be seen in any general store fruit ate boxes brought to us lids from a company that makes custom benches and trash cans for the station. zelenogradsk new located in kaliningrad, they process up to 40 tons of plastic per month, from which

they then mold various products. moreover, they are quite strong, as one rail can withstand about 100 kg, and in one bench. pieces of them. five to seven , the material does not rot, does not deteriorate, even if someone breaks it, it is easy to replace, and the service is even difficult to calculate the average decomposition period of polymers is 400 years, so i cannot say for sure. how long will the products last? we give a service life of, well, up to 50 years, probably, how long can you really check, although in fact fact, well, we understand that they will last much longer; the product is not afraid of moisture. they are not afraid of fire, that is, they are not spreaders of open fire. fire, accordingly, no mold fungi grow on them. kaliningrad is also unique in that there is an installation here that burns second-year wooden sleepers. it was installed as auxiliary equipment

of the local boiler house in the twentieth year. switched from fuel oil to gas, prepare the sleepers , remove so-called metallic inclusions, if there are any, look to the content of ash, sulfur and chlorine were within acceptable limits; this is necessary so as not to violate environmental standards for the power of the equipment. corresponding to two megawatts , about 200 sleepers are burned per day during the heating season, about 32-35,000 sleepers over the entire period of operation, about slightly more than 100,000 sleepers are consumed. this is 6,000,400 tons. there are still about 400,000 wooden sleepers left in the kaliningrad region, which will eventually be replaced by reinforced concrete ones that were previously stored. now it is possible to burn, and emissions up to ten times lower than established by the requirements of environmental legislation; in order to

achieve this, the equipment took about 2 years to set up. it allows you to save up to 100,000 cubic meters of gas, the installation is mobile. it can be easily disassembled and transferred to another region. a whole department of environmentalists monitors the activities of russian railways. within the company, more than 4.5 thousand people are constantly monitored. for this purpose, 16 large centers for environmental protection have been created, 16 laboratories are traveling across the country in carriages, 56 in cars, and the same number are stationary, all this allows you to get a complete picture of the railway. and if there is even the slightest deviation from the requirements of nature protection in legislation, then specialists stop work until everything is corrected.

azerbaijan has launched an operation in nagorno-karabakh. armenia announces a large-scale protest in yerevan. moscow is calling for immediate dissolution, which will result in a new round of the karabakh crisis. on tuesday, vladimir putin worked in izhevsk on the president’s armorer’s day and visited the enterprise, where including producing lancets and holding a working group on vc issues, what was discussed there administratively in the girl begins?