it's a matter of time to be. maybe it will take five years to find the necessary material , or maybe even a decade, and then a real scientific and technological revolution will happen in the world: magnetic levitation trains will not be inferior in speed to airplanes, and electricity bills will become double, or even double three times less, because a current of any strength can flow without loss through a conductor as thick as a human hair. cashback 60 million rubles. sber business clients. open a business card, pay at any convenient time and receive 10% cashback for purchases during the period sberbusiness shares. millions of entrepreneurs trust us. you can't want so much. you can, try it, for a maximum of only 399 rubles.

iota hello, i can’t talk. i'm in the tape on the tape. i downloaded the st. petersburg application, linked my account and paid with one touch for food for cashback. yes , i know that i will call myself. now we would appear profitably. download the sbp app, pay with one touch and receive 3% cashback in the feed . sberbanket is launching autumn cashback, receive 30% bonuses for purchases from your favorite stores. the main thing is to log in using your sberbank id sbermarket. order profitably. your fresh croissants and rolled. welcome to the new station of the international brand teboil, here you will always find friendly service, a cozy cafe and high-quality fuel. you were good,

like at home. i could become anyone, a musician, a restaurateur, a leading producer, a husband. and he did because he was always free. confidence does not come immediately; it grows kilometer by kilometer. we go through every turn, every acceleration, every maneuver together. and whatever route you choose. you can rely on moskvich today tomorrow always moskvich 3 for the present future. try the new chicken hit mushroom compass for only 249 rubles. sber presents a loan. allow yourself more every month and return 2.5% of your interest rate with bonuses. sber thanks kill get

a loan with increased cashback more profitable at any time bet on luck at work. this is possible, just order your favorite products, add them online or through a friend. the service is convenient for you. alpha bank was the first in russia to cancel the acquiring fee. all payments without commissions with a free account for business

, alpha bank is the best bank for business. at scooter, we knew that people needed an unusual shower gel. and svetlana knew how to add some spice to them; let’s make the plane work well together. hello, kirill vyshinsky is with you, and this is a typical novorossiya program; our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that has returned to its historical roots, and novorossiya with the help of a careful look at history. we will try to reveal the originality of its present day, find both typical features and recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about

today. and grain to coal and metal, which was traded around the world, novorussia. what are the prospects for foreign trade in the region today and in the future? conversation with an expert of the salt in the earth program, unique deposits of solidar? one of the main historical goals of russia in the struggle for the territory, which later received the name novorossiya, was access to the southern seas, the azov and black seas, the opening of its own trade routes in the mediterranean region of the 17th century. started moving south. from the azov campaign he conquered the fortress. azov and founded the city of taganrog already under catherine the great in the 18th century.

it will become the largest trading port of russia in the south through taganrog, the main flow of russian grain went through one of the main sources of export income by the end of the century, it accounted for 2/3 of the turnover of all southern russian ports, grain was delivered from the southern regions of russia along the don river or through the eyes of chuman by land and the black sea coast , new trade goals appeared from kherson , mariupol, berdyansk, grain was transported to these ports not only from volyn or podolia, but also from ekaterinoslav and kherson provinces, the large-scale development of industry and the construction of railways made them not only the main place for sending grain, but also new items of russian exports of coal , metal ore. odessa, which in the first half of the 19th century developed rapidly thanks to

the free trade regime of the port of franco, by the end of the century had one of the most equipped ports of the russian empire annually. more than 40 million poods of grain were exported through it, and at the peak of trade there were over millions by the end of the nineteenth century, the share of all ports novorossiya. accounted for more than half of the export and almost a quarter of the import operations of all russian seaports. on the eve of the first world war, about 70 of the country's export cargoes were transported by ships of the black sea-azov basin during the years of the first soviet five-year plans, these ports were not only restored, but also modernized , new berths were built in odessa and kherson to expand grain exports , powerful elevators with deep-water berths were equipped in mariupol, nikolaev and kherson

after the great patriotic war, the soviet union built new ports on the black sea, ilyichevsk under ukraine was renamed chernomorsk and the southern main hub for ammonia shipment to mariupol became the sea gate of donbass, a threat to turnover, it was the second side of the ussr after odessa in the seventies , the azov directorate of the black sea shipping company became its own ports. berdyansk kerch in the mid-eighties, the three southern shipping companies azov danube and black sea handled about 40% of all cargo transportation of the ussr maritime fleet about how trade was formed and developed through novorossiya. what could be its prospects in the story anna

efimova sea harbor of donbass in the old days, the cargo turnover here reached 15 million, most of the cargo was coal, metal, steel, cast iron, today they are shipped mainly. so far , the mariupol port is focused primarily on receiving construction materials that are delivered here for the restoration of the city. since the beginning of 2023, the port has processed over 78,000. t of cargo monthly. it accepts up to 15 vessels, of course, compared to previous figures. it's not much, but it's a start as it should be, taking into account that after the hostilities the port infrastructure has not yet been completely restored. this is a good foundation for the future in today's plans. uh, restoration of railway traffic.

we are now planning to increase the range of cargo that will be sent and increase the cargo flow. we are growing at a slow pace and are working to ensure that both cargo turnover and shipping increase in new regions, with azov having at least four ports. near mariupol, this is berdyansk , where the authorities plan to deepen the waterway for the passage of ships with a larger carrying capacity, genichesk, which was little used for its intended purpose and became so shallow under ukraine that it was unable to accept serious cargo, as well as the port of skadovsk in the south of the kherson region. in 2020 , the unprofitable facility was put up for auction ; restoration of the port began only after the start of a special military operation. however , if we take it separately, the azov region. now the main question is what its comprehensive development strategy in new territories will look like; it is being developed by the government dpr together with the agency for strategic initiatives. after all, if the azov coast is turned into a recreational cluster, then there will be large ports with tankers and dry cargo ships. there

, apparently, will be of no use at the same time if we are talking about a complete large-scale revival of the industrial potential of the region. it is extremely important to navigate the market demand and the existing transport infrastructure. today, the biggest question probably arises in connection with sanctions, in connection with restrictions on the export of various products from the russian federation today the question is not to create an enterprise or produce products, but the key question today. where to sell it at the same time, taking into account the reorientation from the european market countries, that is, global trade with the south, the importance of maritime transport and logistics centers in the vaso-black sea basin will only increase in 2023. russia plans to send up to 20 million tons of petroleum products to africa; for comparison , last year the volumes were much more modest , only eight million tons, and we are talking

not about crude oil, but about refined petroleum products and diesel engines, the turnover of the basin port was higher than in other directions and amounted, for example, to 31% of the total cargo turnover of the russian port in the twenty-second year and already 33% of the total cargo turnover for the first half of the year 23. at the same time, routes from southern ports. this is europe, the middle east , the indian ocean countries. another promising direction for the development of logistics in the region. the so-called international transport corridor north-south, which through the house will connect the caspian sea with the azov sea. year-round navigation of the azov caspian sea will make it possible to fully use the capabilities of inland waterworks, for example, the bagaevsky one, which is currently being built in the rostov region, as a result they will be able to pass here where they previously landed; the volume of traffic on inland waterways should increase, and russia’s trade with iran which actively

buys our grain and oil is reoriented from the black sea basin towards the azov and caspian sea, and has changed a lot in terms of logistics. and if earlier goods from russia received china, for example, through europe, in particular through amsterdam, but now these goods need to be brought in directly from china, without entering the ports of the european union where the russians do not allow here, accordingly, the load on the ports on the one hand has increased, because we are forced to compensate for the loss european market due to the active use of the fleet, and on the other hand. this load has been redistributed. many cargoes have left europe-oriented ports. lenoble was sent to the far east , the azov-black sea basin also pulled part of the cargo flows of southern seaports. this year it has grown by more than 18%. this is six times more; compared to the baltic indicators, the total

volume of cargo transshipment according to rosmor data also increases. fleet speech the cargo turnover of russian seaports in the first 8 months of this year increased by 8.7% and amounted to more than 600 million tons. however , the main problem now is to export raw materials and goods from nowhere, but rather, russia lacks about 400 ships of the most various types, only for grain carriers there is a shortage of 60 to 80. e ships. well, coal miners also need more 100. uh, a dry cargo ship, damn it, exports coal, so the most important question. what we now have is not the capacity of the ports, but rather the presence of our own fleet, which would allow us not to overpay for the fact. and, in fact, in principle, stop depending on anyone to transport anything. so far, only one tenth of the cargo. russia is transporting to its own fleets, meanwhile, the development of maritime logistics, taking into account the construction

of domestic ships or their acquisitions , according to expert estimates voiced during the recently held eastern economic forum can bring the country gdp growth by as much as 20%. and in this process , the ports of novorussia certainly play their role. anna efimova valery savelyev anastasia popova is a typical new russia. we will talk about the prospects for foreign trade of novorussia with our regular expert, political scientist and historian rostislav ishchenko. rostislav, good afternoon. good afternoon, rostislav, in the 19th century , novorossiya became the breadbasket of europe in the 20th century , and in 21 they were already taking away, uh, cheap metal. but now, uh, and in the future, what can he become the main content of uh, in personal trade in novorussia with the understanding that in

the industry, in general, the restoration of this region will have to invest a lot of money and time. well , firstly, the war must end in order for at least some trade to begin. secondly, this is metal from novorossiya. for a long time they will be exported in the form of burnt tanks in the form of mines, which will be cleared there, there, and so on. and this is also a very big problem of bringing the landscape to a state in which it can, uh, in principle, uh, be the basis for some kind of economy or only then for trade. this means that further foreign trade always precedes me. that is, at the beginning , in any state at any time and historically, internal trade relations are established at the beginning and only then arises when the internal market, so to speak , is saturated, when surpluses arise. after this, foreign trade begins. well , then we can fantasize in the eighteenth-nineteenth century at the beginning of the 19th century in novorossia was mainly

a territory. this is beautiful soil, so you plus the fish resources of the black sea of ​​azov. actually, agricultural products were supplied both to the domestic market and to the foreign market, which means that if grain and meat were supplied to the foreign market, then fish was supplied to the domestic market, and the wealth of gardens and orchards was also supplied to moscow and st. petersburg in the 20th century. uh, due to the fact that they were found , ore wealth is now due to the fact that coal mines were developed due to the fact that all this was close to each other, and uh, the metal smelted there was relatively cheap on rossel became the center of metallurgy and, accordingly, in its exports, it also took a decisive role after the saturation of the domestic market, tables began

to play a decisive role in metallurgy products, it is impossible to imagine that after novorossiya in the foreseeable period i repeat, given that at prices it is not could compete even as part of ukraine where there was very cheap labor and very cheap energy. this means that it will be able to compete now in the near future post-war with world environmental centers, which means that metallurgy, as about products that will be exported. you can, in principle, forget about agriculture, and, in principle, about the food industry. you can remember, because this is something that does not require huge investments, because this is the earth, yes, i’ll just clear the mines, please, the sea. it’s here, that means put it in order and please, that means gardens and vegetable gardens. here they are under your feet , just work with them and, please, the products will go, and it is also not

by chance that they can be ported. uh, they came to ukraine. in your time, which means specifically in novorossiya, mainly because the food industry was concentrated in transcarpathia and novorossiya. mostly ukrainian, which means european manufacturers also came. by the way, the russian manufacturers who built enterprises there processed local products and supplied them to the ukrainian market. they also supplied goods outside of ukraine. moreover, right up to kazakhstan , which also does not complain, in principle, about the lack of agricultural capacity, accordingly, this is not only possible, but also you need to bet on whether it will work out, so the sanctions that now exist and which will probably be introduced. eh, in the future they will kill this prospect. uh, foreign trade of novorussia. and at least they make it difficult. i have already said that the war must end at the beginning, and the west is fighting us with advantages through sanctions, which means, of course, that from forty-one to forty-five. we

didn’t trade with germany again, there were sanctions visible in their actions, which means it’s the same now. eh, it won't kill the economy. that is, because the economy will still be focused on the domestic market and people, as soon as the fighting ends, where they end, the fighting ends. it will work normally and efficiently. but it’s really needed for foreign trade. it’s not just that the world needs cooperation. well , again, we can and will supply grain to china , including grain grown in novorossiya. although it is simply closer to lead from other regions to chinese new russia. you will lead to europe to egypt wherever you want and for this purpose, yes, and in turkey for this you need, in addition to desire, and before turkey will buy, right? but it is also necessary to create safe conditions on the black sea, so that ukrainian mines, torn off near odessa or korea, do not float there, so that ukrainian uncrewed boats, which

can ram and ram, explode not only , uh, warships, do not float there. well, merchant ships cannot completely block foreign trade ; the smell cannot, but it can limit it, create difficulties and increase the cost of the process. yes, it will make the products less competitive, but still there will be competition, especially in certain markets. what are the optimistic assessments of foreign trade potential in novorossiya? he says that the population will recover their way out of the smoke pit, economic recovery will grow and production will grow, production will increase, accordingly , export potential will grow and you understand what seemed, let’s say, a miracle to people in the eighteenth century in the nineteenth century, which means they have never produced so much, never so much not selling now. these are generally relatively modest numbers. this means that even for some people it’s funny , because production potential increases, and accordingly, export opportunities also increase. there would be a buyer, and again, there will always be a buyer,

because uh, when the confrontation ends. sooner or later it will end, europe will have very big problems , including problems with the remains of medical household products, because now, as a result of rising prices, it is becoming less specifically capable and while it is making money, yes, the european farmer survives due to the fact that sanctions allowed europe to practically close its domestic market. so the market for competing products will end due to sanctions , and novorossiysk producers will come there again. but i would really like to see how dutch farmers will compete with novorossiya and , in fact, according to the well-known proverb , put a stick in the ground and it will grow, but gigantic subsidies from the european union are needed there. that’s another question : will it exist in 5 years or not, and will it have money to subsidize something? thank you very much for interesting and detailed story. the city of solidar

in the donetsk people's republic became widely known in january of this year. there were heavy battles there, during which it came under the control of russian fighters. and although the solidary is still close to the line of military contact, plans for the future of the city with a self-explanatory name are already being discussed; mining salt for sale in these places began in the 16th century, when a cossack settlement on the bakhmutki river arose. salwar settlement, local residents evaporated salt from small salt lakes and well fishing turned out to be profitable . over time, a whole industry was formed, from extraction and processing to transportation and sale by the famous chumaks. the scale is impressive and today, in the mid-19th century

, up to 7.000 pounds of salt were exported from here annually. in the second half of the 19th century, in the area of ​​the current solidar, geologists explored large underground deposits of rock salt. they began to extract it using the mine method and in 1881 it was launched. the first mine has been mining for more than 140 years, with interruptions due to the civil war and german occupation during the great patriotic war and the current fighting in soviet times in the mines. artyom salt produced approximately forty percent of all table salt. the ussr set a record in the ninety-first, more than 7 million tons were mined here in 2013, the maximum over the last 20 years was 3.5 million. about half a million tons of this

production were exported to russia about whether the salt of novorussia can appear on our table in the story of olga mokhova, the largest salt shaker, if not in the world, then in europe this is exactly how the gift with its underground treasure is often called on the site of a shallow bay that existed 250 million years ago, colossal deposits of rock salt were formed ; reserves similar in volume or quality are difficult to find; the geography of donbass itself is extremely interesting. so why is she interesting? what’s interesting is that the line is the deepest. hollows are not a seller, of course, there are few similar things on the planet in china , for example, and the world average in the word sedimentary rocks. it's about kilometers. and here in the word it reaches there, almost 20 km. we only explored the upper ones, there kilometer, one and a half to two, an important spice and an excellent preservative without salt.

any housewife will say this, but in terms of its chemical composition, rock salt from two donbass deposits, artyomovsky and slavyansky, is, without exaggeration, a mineral of life. it contains almost all natural trace elements. the salt is of very good quality and has a distinctive feature: it contains 98% sodium chloride. still in our salt. it is less than approximately 94 95% in kazakh salt 93 95%. moreover , it is clean, because it was formed long before the environmental problems of the earth and lies convenient layers that are easy in development, if the black gold coal of donbass is a loose rock and it is necessary to constantly strengthen the underground vaults, then the white gold of solidar , the salt thicker, holds itself, in contrast, which, as a rule, lies there in thin layers, if a meter-long layer. this is already good. so, and here it rarely happens, there is a lot of thickness. but the salt lies in very thick layers, sometimes tens of meters deep, sometimes tens of meters deep, and you can

literally drag it there to scoop it up. well, almost shoulder straps, there or kamaz almost until 2022 table salt from donbass was imported by 15 countries of central and eastern europe and the cis with millions of tons per year recently mined here only 1,200,000 half was bought by russia when in january 2015 rospotrebnadzor introduced a ban on the purchase of salt, and from the territory of ukraine to the enterprise artyom salt. it was hard. it's okay . this means a three-day working week reduced production volumes. many were able to increase supplies to hungary and poland. so it continued until 2,000 of the sixteenth year, when russia allowed them table salt to us. it resumed in such a way that the volumes were relatively small, somewhere around 200-300,000 tons per year. over the course of more than 100 years , a system of tunnels of almost 300 km was formed in the local salt mines.

above it there is a dried-up ancient ocean, as in the kingdom of the snow queen. no wonder the locals loved to joke that salts are more interesting underground than on earth. in these mines, someday they will rest from the working environment, people will, perhaps, be treated here, because the air is at a temperature in winter and summer equal to 16°, while with salt it is easy to breathe and fantastic temperatures will be set underground feasts in crystal halls with a wonderful resonance of cars that have visited the donbass three times. r pepper and chemical elements were right here underground at a depth of up to 300 m, another city with a museum, a temple, a concert hall, a football field and a spa hotel, they sang a salt symphony at the sanatorium, they came from everywhere to treat pulmonary skin and neurological diseases , there was the first experiment in the world, when there was an air cap flying there, imagine

the underground work of the salt plant was completely underway for about four hours. in 2022 due to the fighting of the ten-thousandth solidary emptied some of the mines were mined by asu soldiers, and the city itself was practically destroyed to say reliably that now underground it is still impossible and it is only clear that artyomovskaya salt is needed and like salt people need work, because more than 2,500 people worked at the four artem salt mines it is very important for a person to retain that frame of his potential that was previously. and our task now is to find an anchor investor who will then begin to work with those people who were previously at the enterprise enterprises. mmm, there was a high production culture, and, accordingly, we already have very valuable people. uh, certain requests from investors.

well, even i would say there is a queue lined up for this asset, and companies are already coming with specific plans , despite the impressive volume of production during the extraction time of 250 million tons of salt - this is only 3% of the total reserves of the deposit underground, according to various estimates, it lies up to 15 billion tons of this vital mineral to the whole world of this goodness. 45 years would be enough and for some individual countries for hundreds of years, or even a millennium olga mokhova anastasia popova valery savelyev is a typical novorossiya. that's all we wanted to talk about. kirill vyshinsky was with you today. see you soon. hello on the air international review in the studio of fyodor lukyanov today in the international

review program