in the ancient yakut calendar, the sun is the center of the universe, everything revolves around it, everything depends on it. in the turkic-speaking tribes who came here from altai in the middle ages, the supreme deity personified yurunka.

with the luminary, he was also called sakh, and themselves sakha, people of the sun , the people of sakha, yakuts, call themselves children of the white sun, yurin ayolora, you see, it’s so cold today, well, 42, yes, sometimes it’s 50°, but without fire, well no way, it warms us, over time the white sun migrated to the flag of yakutia, shamans are closer to tourists, sunny... falling more than the endless snow forever frozen into ice crystals and turned into the strongest stones on earth, diamonds.

this is yakutia, the largest region of russia and the richest in minerals, the republic draws its treasures from such man-made craters that can be seen even from space, the diamond camberlite pipe mir goes to a depth of more than 500 meters, the entire ostankino tower can fit in it, and even a small city. and above the crater , the city of diamond miners is peaceful, here in western yakutia they found camberlite rock back in the fifties of the last century, at the same time a workers’ settlement was founded. a village has appeared in the taiga wilderness, which is not yet on the map, but it is very famous, it is a peaceful village. soon houses will rise on the avenues, which are only marked for now. two years ago, a rich diamond deposit was discovered in this corner of yakutia.

vladislav ivanov is a third -generation diamond miner; his grandfather was one of the first to come here to conquer the taiga and permafrost. my grandfather is here, well, according to that version according to ours family, but he was going to earn money for a car, it was in those distant times, but as a result, he won the car in the lottery, seriously, right? so he remained, so did this one, and lived so. the mir pipe was launched in 1957. and by the beginning of the 2000s , open-pit mining was completed; almost 60 tons of diamonds were mined here. 58 tone, this is, this is, well, this is a big heap, which is of the order of equilibrium 30 billion. here is today's dollar. now you can

film a belaz passing by, that’s one and a half belazs, so full, one whole belas half of another one, excuse me, 63 years old, but work, that is, it turns out, here the residents are swimming in diamonds, you can see it somehow, no, here the residents are not swimming in diamonds, here they treat diamonds as work, well, to the work that brings income, people, families are waiting, houses... healthy whole, that is, this, well, this is not some kind of fetish, yes, this is an ordinary job, to a city on the edge of a huge hole, as representatives of alrosa assure, for now nothing is in danger, dozens of sensors constantly monitor ground movements, and the diamond industry itself almost the very bottom of the abyss collapsed due to the pandemic , because diamonds in quarantine turned out to be simply useless to anyone, and a third of yakutia’s income is replenished only through the sale of diamonds for export, we, of course, received a number of products in

the world. there was a period when the company was sold to alrosa, in the middle of the year. well, 97%. alrosa even had to stop production for some time. stocks of 30 million carats have accumulated in warehouses; there is even some left over for applied arts. this panel is made of natural diamonds mined by our companies. there are approximately 13,000 carats here, about 3 million dollars, this is the cost of all the raw materials that are now located, you are now having fun in a crisis, a little bit. the main development in mirny is taking place at the international camberlite pipe mine, which was exhausted at the surface back in the eighties. from the very bottom of the giant

funnel, the camberlite pipe narrows and goes down to a depth of thousands of meters, where diamond mining takes place underground in mines. slowly, then we walk along for a long time workings, and then on an electric train, we go along a long spiral descent , underground trucks rush in front of us in the mines, how the quarantine affected the work, the mine was suspended twice, the total length was, in my opinion, they did not work for 17 days. but then, thanks to the well-coordinated work of the team, when everyone had already left, we are now catching up with the fact that when we fell behind in the summer, roughly speaking, according to the planned indicators, when we walk along the adit, carefully look at our feet, suddenly we come across a diamond, we can stories and we

in this slurry or maybe on a wall somewhere we will find a diamond , but in my memory there were only two or three cases when people found a diamond in the underground... but it is strictly forbidden to touch them and take any action on it immediately pester your leaders so that measures are taken to cure it, let’s look carefully, maybe now we’ll see, most often you can see these, the satellites of diamonds, they ’re black, yeah, there are red ones, they’re better visible, but that’s not diamond, no, no. this is also salt, white salt, that’s all, today for sure only an iron machine will be lucky, and even then it will have to bite into the strong layers of camberlite for a long time. this diamond mining machine is already working at a depth of 100 m, and in order to extract

just six carats, it is necessary to shovel a whole ton of rock. behind the levers of the harvester, sergei neshen says that his toothy machine has experienced so much of this... wealth that it is impossible to count, but he never had the opportunity to see a diamond in the natural environment. well, tell me, did you manage to hold diamonds in your hands, well, unfortunately, well no, unfortunately, i don’t know, no, probably, they are not visible, how can you tell, a diamond is not a diamond , we are purely like raw materials - we perceive it and this is purely work and there is not even any intention to look for something there, a diamond, not a diamond, so it’s generally like that, maybe i saw something shining somewhere, it doesn’t shine, what it looks like, the devil knows, it’s hard and incredibly dangerous work, 3 years ago there was a water breakthrough at the mir mine, the mine was flooded, eight people died,

those who goes underground every day knows the real price of diamonds, the danger fall. there are chips in the roof somewhere, it is necessary, before starting work, to inspect everything carefully so that all sorts of mishaps do not happen, we still managed to hold these untold riches in our hands, this is one of the largest diamonds in yakutia, 172 carats, its found: 30 years ago named in honor of academician sakharov. the stone is not very clean, dark graphite inclusions are visible even to the eye, so its price is not very high, about a million dollars. there are no largest ones in the treasury of the republic stones, they were sent to the kremlin’s diamond fund

so that the whole country would know and be proud of how rich the yakut land is. god, you are flying over the earth, over yakutia, over yakutia, your fingers are frozen. and he dropped all his wealth. after extraction, the best stones are selected at the alrosa sorting center. every day , diamonds worth tens of millions of dollars pass through the hands of experts here. of course, the first years were even very exciting, but now we’ve basically gotten used to it, this is workable material for us, and why was it exciting, well , because you feel how many millions you are here you hold it in your hands, it was developed in your brain that this is a great wealth, that you need to be very careful and careful in handling them. which one would you choose for yourself?

none for yourself? no, haven’t you learned to wear diamonds? yes, somehow there’s nowhere to wear diamonds here, especially lately, you can’t go to work, theaters, movies , you don’t get to go out very often, we mostly live by work, in the forest to pick mushrooms, diamonds aren’t relevant for mom, so that’s it, that’s it defects are removed by a cutter, sometimes in order to get an expensive diamond, a diamond with during grinding, it loses half its weight, the stone scans and the computer program determines it from the yana, and then how to cut it correctly, well, on this stone now it will be profitable to make two identical stones,

one with the same weight, you can vary here, make one stone 20 hundred square meters, this is to win in price, if internal defects do not allow you to improve the stone in a diamond, then it may even result in a loss, and another stone may pull out this stone, which is also not the best for diamond cutters. a few years ago in yakutia there were 20 private cutting companies, now there is only one, state-owned, to produce one carat of diamonds, if we spend more than 100 dollars, and let’s say india too, it will be pennies, because they don’t need heat, they don’t have a heating season as such, so so, in the midst of the crisis, the diamond mines were spinning.

they contacted me with the management of the company , contacted various industrial groups there, financial from abroad with offers to sell them diamonds at a 20-30% discount, so we refused everyone, everyone believed that we were mistaken, sooner or later we would fall down. what saved us was the president’s offer to buy back for the russian diamond fund, which means some of the precious stones worth a billion dollars, if things went really badly. this played a huge, stabilizing role, not even for the russian, but for the entire world diamond market, that is, everyone understood, speculators first of all, that there was nothing to catch here, that if necessary, the country would not leave its company alone with its problems. now production is recovering at a record pace, sales diamonds have increased almost 10 times, they are still best friends. as you know, these are diamonds from yakutia.

yes, zavaba has been very popular lately, well, now let’s try it, now of course, it’s not so cold, it’s only 50, well, you can still feel a warming in the head, but at 50, it turns out very good, selpi, popular zavaba among young people, mainly, it’s done like this, you take it, you wave it, it just might spray, like that. i myself, with the freak of the north

, we went to school at 57° at 58°, it was calm, somehow we didn’t really feel the frost. yakut the reserves of fresh water are the largest in russia, while, paradoxically, some areas experience severe shortages when they literally freeze to the bottom in the winter months. and rivers and lakes, so before severe frosts hit, we need to have time to prepare ice so that it will last until the summer months. weather until december. ice half a meter thick is easily cut through with a forged crowbar on an ice pick shaft; it is vital to drink clean water all year round, and in the summer it can be so muddy yellow, and winter ice is always like this

transparent, transparent, even in the old days they made all windows. wasn't it? how to do it like this too, for mark babatuunda from nigeria, ice mining is the most unusual thing he could encounter in yakutia, he thought that only in africa there were problems with fresh water, i always think african is generally extreme, but this is even more extreme than africa , come on, help , and also, wow, mark moved to yakutia 7 years ago to join his fiancée, got a job as an english teacher , and now for his online blog he conducts

spectacular experiments with boiling water in the cold, so... yes, but they didn’t decide to make a well there or dig a well, but we have eternal luck, we have eternal luck in general, eternal, how many kilometers you have to walk there, water delivery is of course established, but in remote villages this is still a problem, permafrost - it’s expensive, 90% of the territory of yakutia... is located in the zone of eternal ice, it literally supports the well-being of the entire republic, the foundations of buildings, the supports of pipeline bridges, it is stronger than concrete, on the one hand this is a blessing, on the other hand problem, because with climate warming the permafrost it becomes no longer eternal, it begins to melt, the soil simply disappears from under your feet.

the condition of the frozen soil is now being closely monitored by specialists from the yakut institute of freezing, its underground laboratory... we have had temperatures for 130 years, the average temperature has increased by 4°, this is about -7°, and it was -1, 100 years ago, botagai the crater in the north of yakutia was formed precisely because of the melting permafrost, only here a huge... gap a kilometer wide appeared due to human fault, there was deforestation and the forest did not fulfill its purpose moisture-retaining role, with increasing precipitation and rising temperatures, the mesh began to melt catastrophically quickly, so a hole

100 m deep formed in the ground, and it continues to expand, scientists predict that... yakutia will be in a zone of probable collapse, and people are only accelerating this process, in yakutsk itself, several houses standing on stilts began to crack at the seams and break, people have to be resettled, no, in theory, if it had been repaired in time, something had been put in, it would not have fallen, would not have cracked, well, so they, in principle yes, many houses are like that, if they don’t take care of them, they systematically crumble, only due to the fact that the piles go away. in such conditions , you can only build on stilts, and even create a train around the house from cooling devices filled with freon; these pipes prevent the permafrost from thawing in the summer. 1,500 concrete piles have already been driven into the base of the buildings of the future international children's camp. this will be northern artek, in permafrost.

this is about 70% increase in price. just to have the pleasure of building on the eternal and in addition to the pile, you need something else and seasonal cooling devices and 10 m we have a 50 seventh tube into the ground parallel to the piles there is cold water here, in fact, it ’s like the principle of a refrigerator, that is , our freon is cooled in the upper part, the heat evaporates from here. it cools, then goes down, below it takes back the heat from the foundation soils and rises up, and thus it circulates. now there is a construction boom in yakutsk, mortgages here have been lowered to only 2%, and multi-storey buildings are growing like mushrooms in the cold after the rain. specialists from

the permafrost monitoring department regularly check the cooling device with thermal imagers and lower temperature sensors to the bases of the piles. at the moment, the ground temperature here is -5°. this is normal, this is enough to ensure the load-bearing capacity of this building, taking into account its soil. the famous ribbon pillars, a unique natural monument, are also under threat. yakut winds have been carving these bizarre limestone columns for a thousand years, and now they are in danger of

collapse. in recent years there has been a lot of growth it’s going on, i won’t say that there is a massive collapse of rocks, but in some places it is happening, and here it’s probably, i think, connected precisely with this global warming. if this is how the attack goes. let’s say every year our autumn drags on into spring, and early summer is hotter than usual, and this will probably certainly have an effect, the water level on the lena is also sometimes a very deep river, but it still washes away the banks. the destruction of infrastructure and natural beauty is not the worst thing that can threaten disappearance of permafrost? when permafrost disappears from... the soil in the tundra, for example, and in other places where permafrost lies, methane can be released in huge quantities, which, of course, is extremely dangerous and will contribute to the formation of this

greenhouse effect several times stronger than carbon dioxide, this is also scientifically proven; when frosts do strike, the capital of the republic is plunged into an impenetrable fog, this is evaporation from residential buildings and communications that line the streets neighborhoods, yaku. residents call it a city with guts out; all the heating pipes, due to the same permafrost, run on the surface. here they adapted to life in the bitter cold, and launched the production of special spacesuits for the cold. previously, similar costumes and wreaths were made from deer skins, but now they are made from korean bamboo wool. in such robes , yakut naphthas who conquer the arctic can even sleep in the snow. when they travel, for example. the northern summer of the ocean needs to get to the fishing spots, they travel for about three days, yes,

travel for three days, this person gets tired, of course, on a snowmobile, and when they get up, the snow is buried, lightning strikes below, they bury themselves in the snow, and rest a little, the sleeping bag is like that, yes, sleeping, it’s a two-in-one sleeping bag, a coat for snowmobiles. windproof, they even now started ordering us from canada, they insulate themselves, insulate dogs, insulate cars, cover them with thick covers at night, a soft portable garage, which is always in the trunk, in the morning the car can be easily started in any frost, how many degrees frost you are supported by this protection , this is at least 70 , we checked vmekan, we test the main products at

the cold pole imekan, and no matter how much it can withstand, of course, the hours of retention are reduced, autostart is set to -10-15 and it’s somewhere- then during the night, once or twice, it just starts up and warms itself up, then it stops when

i get into the shower and a projectile flies into the office, you and rudskoy made some mistakes in you, of course i do, what would you have done

differently? we could have won, those who went against a peaceful city and unleashed a bloody massacre, criminals, then this option was chosen not parliamentary, not popular, but tough. there was no need to shoot from the tanks, it was, the spectacle was, of course, to put it mildly, bad, it was from here that the same broadcast was conducted, which was watched by the whole world, the fact is that each side was counting. the instigator is the other side, i myself fulfilled the oath in those days, even after 30 years, i believe that i do not know the whole truth about the events of the ninety- third year. russia is experiencing the most difficult political crisis in post-soviet history, which will end in bloodshed. investment rating, economics, through specific.

we can reach people, we often talk about money, the amounts are serious, in russia there are rosary beads and a clear signal. at what point will you say, that’s it, i did everything i could in this project, i will never say whether russian industry is capable of replacing foreign suppliers, it is necessary to mobilize all resources, give me the recipe, in general, here’s how to achieve what you have achieved, it seems to you that you are on top of the world, you got up, shook yourself off, and let russia change, in any structure, evolution is taking place, there were a lot of drug addicts in the ranks of my unit, we said that confidence in their actions was emerging, the fighters who

were running near me also randomly shot at houses, shot at windows, you understood that you were shooting at the residents of mariupol, you understood , but i was on drugs, those pills that we saw are serious tranquilizers, a person forgets what pain, fatigue are, everything that is used in ukraine is factory -made by research institutes, nato, right here is apain's spray. the cia definitely continues to conduct similar activities all over the world; dozens of those same biological laboratories in ukraine immediately come to mind.

we will take on this case, it will be an honest detective story, we watch to explore the world, educational programs and documentaries, we watch, in the application or on the website.