in 1854, the english steamship prince, carrying gold coins, sank in the black sea. it could sink to a depth of 72 m. no treasure was found, but the idea of ​​a special or special unit arose. on november 2 , 1923, an order of the ogpu was put into effect, approving the staff of underwater expeditions , abbreviated as epron. the order was signed by felix derzhinsky, the head of the department. ypron's birthday is considered to be december 17, 1923, when the expedition was given the rank of a border flotilla, two ships, four boats and barges were transferred to its composition. in in subsequent years, ypron has proven itself remarkably well. in the twenty-ninth, the expedition was awarded the order of the red banner of labor, one of the iconic brilliant operations was the raising of the english submarine l-55, which... there were metal steel

towels under it, it should be noted that this submarine was not just raised, it was in the shortest possible time restored in the thirty -second year, it already became part of the baltic fleet, the boat also contained the bodies of british submariners and sailors, all of them were transferred to the british side, the soviet union for back in 1882 , a diving school was opened in konstat, its successor was the naval diving college in balaklava, opened on the basis of the ypron diving school. in 1930, the diver becomes a hero of the era, a celestial being, and pronovtsev is painted by artists and films are made about them. here is one of them - the path of the ship. it was released in 1935. the music for the vodolazov march was written by isaac dunaevsky. in the first row on the left are cats,

in 6 years he will be part of the shleselbur landing, it was a heroic attempt to break the blockade of leningrad, but for now divers cheerfully march along the embankment and descend into the depths of the sea, all of them wearing the legendary three-bolt caps. the three-bolt is a ventilated diving suit, the most popular system that has been used for decades, the helmet weighs 18 kg. both lead weights on the back on the chest are about 45, and these are naked shoes, each with 10 kg of lead soles, so the diver was carrying a load of about 80 kg, they say that at depth this weight is not perceived like that, it is not typical for a person to go under water, but he is does, he finds himself in an aggressive environment, which is dangerous due to water pressure, which increases with every centimeter, sudden changes in pressure during diving or ascent... many other factors can cause

serious occupational diseases. a special pressure chamber is used for treatment. here future divers train, adapt to living and working under high pressure. there are options that are worked out in diving tables, where these depths are marked with a so-called asterisk. place in a pressure chamber at the appropriate depth, and then onto the ships that are already leaving. from the area of ​​danger, bring it to the surface using the decompression regime. to train divers, swimming pools, pressure chambers, and so-called diving towers are needed, inside which various special skills are practiced. the laser has started, can begin work, reception, under colossal loads, due to the enormous risk, scientists would like to replace the work of divers at great depths with robotic means, but so far there is no

alternative in the whole world and a robot will not replace a person in three-bolt, which is why it is so important to have control from diving medicine and hyperbolic physiology. there are really a huge number of diseases, such as decompression sickness, lung barotrauma, nervous syndrome to high pressure conditions, it cannot adapt, so this is the whole difficulty, for example, the density of the respiratory gas environment when diving at 500 m is 10 times greater than you can imagine the air density we have now and a person experiences stress on the respiratory muscles in particular as if he was continuously running, the doctors carried out experiments at the famous research institute for rescue of underwater technologies, which are located in lamonosv near st. petersburg, they noticed that aquanauts, the so-called specialists who carry out... diving descents using the dp method,

that is, a person’s prolonged stay under high pressure , comes out of the experiment with a weight deficit of 4, or even 5 kg. therefore, the diver is killed. 6,000 kilopotassium with average nutritional standards in 1988, he served in the northern fleet, guarded our missile carriers and submarines. well, in general, diving work is basically everywhere in our country, they take place in conditions of poor visibility , there is practically no visibility there, there is 30, there, well, well, when a meter and half a meter, you basically can’t see, therefore - what you don’t see, that is, somehow even i can’t explain it, but overcoming fear, well, no, no one taught it in any special way, psychologists didn’t work, there were no such people, then there were no such psychologists, well, you just have to do it all.

ypron was mainly engaged in ship lifting, from the mid-thirties, this was supplemented by blasting work, repair of berths, laying of pipelines and cables. the crew can only be saved if people leave the sunken submarine in individual equipment. and experts are exploring such possibilities. during the great patriotic war , on august 11, 1941, a special purpose company was created, where combat swimmers carried out sabotage missions. she was commanded by ivan prokhovatilov. ypron included the naval service in the navy. the people have already accomplished a lot of feats, among them was nina vasilievna sokolova, the first woman vodolas in the country, holder of two orders of the red star of the patriotic war. a native of cherepovets received a specialty as a hydrographer. in 1936 she was sent to the black sea

fleet to build piers. after an unusual incident when divers rose from the ranks to receive their salaries, to which she answered them, “how can i?” if i didn’t see the work you did, the divers said, well, get dressed, come down, she was not a pilot’s girl, she’s a dozen, she says: help, she’s getting dressed, descends, descends, looks, only after that she signed the outfits, after that nina sokolova began to study the diving profession , the head of government mikhail kalinin personally worked as a diver, one of the tasks, a twenty-nine-year-old woman vodolas committed in besieged leningrad, we said that a diver is entitled to a ration of 6,000 kilopotassium, what standards for the distribution of bread were in besieged leningrad, it is well known how they worked, these people, hungry in icy water, are incomprehensible.

in the spring of 1942, he became a ninach and fuel. this work began on may 5 , 1942, and was completed in record time, 41 days. nina sokolova personally took part in them, every day, going down to the bottom of lake ladazh. the divers traveled the roads of war to berlin, and on the way back there was a lot of work, including lifting ships and clearing mines. another page from sokolova’s biography is connected with the bridge over the sver river. it was collapsed, it was necessary to put on diving equipment, go down and see that the bridge structures had collapsed, it turned out like a dam, like beavers in their time, yes, well, filled with boards, this, then with driftwood and corpses of soviet and german soldiers, well, since there was a fast current, all these dead people who were under water, they danced like this, here it is, as if these parts were shipping

was restored, but she says, after this incident, i noticed, looking in the mirror, that i had a gray strand, our lady on vasily island in st. petersburg. this temple is special. this is the filming that was done in the church in the early 2000s, when she have not yet been transmitted to the believers. here, in the thick walls of the temple there was a pool, and under the very dome at the galley harbor. this training station was the first in the ussr and second in europe. divers have honed their skills here for 60 years, even during the siege. all leningraders trained here. now the temple has been restored, services are held there , nothing reminds of its former heroic purpose, but the memory of the ipron is alive, on all modern submarines, rescue covers, delhi, divide the price into

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restrictions, the famous fortieth research institute of salvage and underwater technology, which is in the vision of the navy, it was founded on january 3, 10 learning from experience, research and development of new methods of means for rescuing submarine crews, carrying out ship lifting operations, preserving the health of divers, developing diving equipment for property, these are... currently undergoing research on the development of diving equipment equipment, updated, with improved characteristics, with an increase in the time the diver spent training in 2021, but in extreme temperatures, where the water temperature on the surface reached up to -2°. evgeniy tornukha spoke about working in the arctic in extreme conditions, but the profession of a diver itself is extreme. having plunged under water, a person finds himself isolated by the water column from the world around him.

the comrades remaining on the surface are deprived of the opportunity to observe his actions. water opaque, visibility, the stronger and more destructive the pressure of the water column. diving medicine deals with the problem of a person being under water, with the tasks of proper descent and ascent from depth. a unique complex with a sixteen-meter tower imitates a submarine, on its... floor there is a rescue hatch, this is a training complex that simulates a submariner exiting a submarine, independently ascending through the rescue hatch, and exiting through a torpedo tube, this is an absolutely unique complex such no longer in the country, here there are other complex systems of pressure chambers, the diver is now under water, with the help of pressure a state will be created as if it were... a depth of 300 m. the diver will begin to pedal a bicycle, simulating

work under water at 300 m. all this time during his there will be a condition. back in 1932, engineer konstantin khrenov proposed immersing an ordinary electrode with a waterproof coating under water. i could work with it for about 5 minutes. it developed a patented flux-cored wire. she is given to the diver on the reel continuously and acts as an electrode. aqua loads are loaded with hydrosmos. every 10 m of water is another additional atmosphere. 500 m is 50 additional our atmospheres, that is, another 50 additional kilograms, well, if you compare diving to extreme depths and space flight, in fact there is a lot in common, both sealing, both here and there, with

representatives of the space industry with space representatives, it is noted that in the event of a disease occurring in orbit, cosmonauts have the opportunity to return to ground within a day or two. in our country, to return a person to normal conditions from 500 m, for this, as i already said, it takes about 3 weeks. this is the pride of niya, the hyperboric complex, the resolutions on the study of the world ocean, it was necessary to develop gas and oil fields, which sometimes went into the water to a depth of 400 m. a series of experimental diving descents were carried out at this complex, starting from 300 m, with gradual increasing the depth to 500 m. each descent involved a diving officer, three divers and two diving doctors, because diving involved enormous risks, supplied air using a pump.

in the last three centuries, for descent to a depth of more than 60 m, they began to use gas aha mixtures, which include... gels, an inert gas, as it turned out, very insidious, including due to thermal conductivity, for example, a change in the temperature of the gel environment by 2-3°, it is equivalent to a change in temperature in the air where we are now, 21°, approximately here, suddenly in one minute we have -3-5°, you can imagine, this is in in the direction of decreasing, in the direction of increasing temperature, the intelligibility of gel candles causes... speech intelligibility , so we use gel speech correctors for this, and the properties of the gel also cause high blood pressure nervous syndrome, so that these disorders do not occur , the best aquanaphthas participated in the experiment, the first descent took place in 1988, the gas mixture included helium and some oxygen, the pressure was enormous, 40 times

higher than the pressure on the surface, it was painful to even move. they didn't just live in in this complex, one of the compartments was filled with water, and the experiment participants performed standard diving work. in 1991, the heroes of russia and, most importantly, no one got sick. this was the last powerful secret experiment in this area. the difficult 1990s came. the country lost a lot of what it had accumulated, ties were severed, specialists were forced out of the profession. submarine kursk. death of the crew, loss of the ship. this is a tragic page in the history of our fleet, our country, essentially the result of the collapse of thousands of years with the fleet, remembering this hurts. ruslan tikhanov, a graduate of the legendary dzerzhinka. served in the north. he recalls that in the mid-1990s , restrictions on diver training began. he

remembers well his thoughts in connection with the tragedy of the submarine kurs. it's my dad's birthday. on august 12, just when i heard for the first time on tv that it was 2000, uh, what does that mean when, and i immediately thought who managed to do this, because by that time there was not a single pair of divers in the north, who could have descended to such a depth, at that moment, unfortunately not it was, so when it sounded on the air, i immediately realized that everything was pretty bad there, because why not him? well, because in order for them to exist, they need to be trained, since 2001, the compartment of the submarine kursk, the raising of the motor ship kaunos, which sank in the neva, the raising of shiplaves that were sunk during the events of the reunification of crimea with russia, the clearing of harbors in kronshtat. more than 200 years ago, the minister of war of the russian empire, pyotr

konovnitsin, was reported that the crown was filled with sunken bottoms. started in 2017 large work on clearing the kronstatt harbors interacts with the soil. one of the last major disasters on water with human casualties was the death of the motor ship bulgaria on the kuibushevskoye reservoir in tatarstan. this happened on july 10, 2011. during a sharp turn, the ship tilted and water filled, the portholes on the starboard side were not closed. an operation to raise a sunken ship and search for the bodies of the dead. the most difficult work was carried out in 11 days, the ship lay on its side. the water was cloudy, visibility was poor, in a special way they put slings under the hull, straightened the ship, removed part of the soil from the hull, floating cranes lifted and carried bulgaria out into shallow water,

the divers did the hardest work - lifting the bodies. when we raise a sunken object, people died, of course, the attitude is completely different, it’s probably impossible to imagine worse work than raising the bodies of the dead. and in general, the environment is very hostile for humans, divers are under pressure, which means a gaseous environment, which feels completely different, cold, darkness, what other tasks do divers perform. valery mironov, after at the end of derzhka he served in the north, guarding the borders of our country. our task was to inspect the coast and detect all sorts of things. incomprehensible objects, here is the protection of the boats of our missile carriers, every day, despite the weather, wind, rain, new year is not a new year

, a holiday, not a holiday, they brought collapse in the brain, that’s just all, well, let’s say i left the north in ninety-four , this is the very beginning of everything there, that is, there was not enough substance for the devices, there was not enough fuel there, but we had a task, we had to complete it, so we fulfilled it. ruslan tikhonov also served in the north, was the commander of the pdds, that is , the diving unit, combat training courses, various special training in winter and summer. it was the end of october or the beginning of october of the year eighty-seven. and gorbachev came then to severomorsk and he stood in akuluska as a shark and our kirov aircraft carrier ship, a cruiser with nuclear power