strategic theater, we’ll talk to a wonderful specialist, historian vasily moladyakov. vasily, to what extent do bloc allied relations generally correspond to the traditions of asia, for example, in comparison with europe. something first that, uh, maybe looks like something like a bloc concept in our traditional understanding in asia can only relate to 1940, when japan proclaims... such an ambitious project to create a sphere of co-prosperity for a great east asia, and, by the way, nothing doubtful is included there let’s just say, pro-japanese regimes in manchego, china in thailand, but also, let’s say, the colonies and protectorates of european powers, that is, this is such a fairly futurological scheme, a vision for the future, simply because in asia at that time, let’s say, it wasn’t very many independent states. who

could act as independent actors in the formation of some, and this is of course a fundamental difference from the european theater; by the mid-thirties, germany, italy and japan coincided in one desire, they wanted to reconsider that world order, that developed after the first world war, so they were looking for ways to expand influence. on november 25, in berlin, nazi germany and imperial japan concluded the anti-comtern pact; in september 1940 , germany, italy and japan signed the tripartite pact. this is how the military alliance of the three powers took shape, called the countries of hosea. the document recorded the obligations of the parties to provide mutual political, economic and military assistance, and consolidated the desire of the participants to establish the so-called new order in europe and asia. at the end. v

in the thirties , two military clashes took place between the ussr and japan: on lake khasan in the thirty-eighth, on the khalchen river, in manzhuria in the thirty-ninth. having suffered quite serious losses and making sure that the red army was actively resisting, japan, in april 1941, concluded a neutrality pact with the ussr. moscow believed that tokyo's neutrality could be violated at any moment, just as germany violated the non-aggression pact. therefore, throughout the war, the soviet union was forced to maintain an impressive military group. on december 7, 1941 , japanese aircraft and submarines attacked the american military base at pearl harbor on the hawaiian island of oahu. after the raid , it seemed that japan had achieved superiority at sea. tokyo hoped to seize as much territory as possible in the pacific ocean and enter into peace negotiations with washington. however, after

the first attack, the americans set themselves up for a long war to a victorious end, for which japan did not have enough strength. in addition, after the victory over hitler's germany, the ussr, carrying out allied obligations, declared war on japan. the fighting lasted less than a month. the kwantung army was defeated. tokyo's hopes of sheltering the emperor in manchuria and giving battle to the americans in the metropolis collapsed. japan capitulated. the second world war was over. well, after the second world war, of course, when gradually all of asia became independent, at least until the jurassic, those already memorable to us from the political dictionaries of our youth, seata, anzyus, anzyuk, senta and so on, appeared, this one really developed rapidly construction block, if... so you like, but

this is, of course, a phenomenon of the post-war order, that is , it does not have deep historical roots, it is the brainchild of the cold war. well, that is, historically it is not typical for asian countries to seek alliances for joint defense, do i understand correctly? if we remember the classical model of asia in general and what the europeans called the pax sinica, there is china, china's middle empire, there are... there are barbarians, there is nothing else, what kind of blocks are there, what kind of blocs can there be, that is, there is a relationship it is built, in general, on the principle of vassalage, that is, well, i don’t know for europe, it’s some kind of medieval or early modern model, well, in general, really , let’s say, modernity in block construction, of course, begins only after the second world war as a result of the second world war war. back in

1950, the united states acted as allies of south korea in the war on the korean peninsula; after the war, washington pledged to provide military assistance to the country and received the right to station troops on its territory. another strategic partner of the united states in asia is japan. according to agreements on mutual cooperation and security, the american marines, navy and air force are constantly present on its territory. their numbers are larger than in south korea. on september 1 , 1951, in san francisco, representatives of the united states, australia and new zealand signed the pacific security treaty, anzus. he assumed it was an attack. one side will be seen as a potential danger to the others, and each country must counter the common threat. so australia and new zealand were drawn into the war in korea, and then in vietnam on the side of the united states. in august 54, the united states, great britain

and france proposed to a number of countries in southeast asia, as well as india and pakistan, to create a new collective security system in the region. burma, india, indonesia and celon. invitation, they adhered to the principle of neutrality and non-participation in military blocs, and pakistan, thailand and the philippines agreed, so in september 1954, in addition to anzus , the southeast asia treaty organization, a military bloc, arose seatto. its headquarters were in bangkok. in 67, france officially withdrew from siat. five years later , pakistan followed this example, and after the us defeat in vietnam, the withdrawal followed. before the american troops, the alliance ceased to exist, as announced in june of the seventy-seventh year. nato now has four key partners in the asia-pacific region. these are australia, new zealand, south korea and japan. operational cooperation began back in

2001, after the al-qaeda terrorist attacks. then australia, new zealand and south korea joined the nato mission in afghanistan. and the japanese self-defense forces provided logistical support. on the sea. along with australia, india and the united states, japan is part of the coat alliance, created in 2007. this is a quadripartite dialogue on security in the indo-pacific region. it is often called an anti-chinese military alliance and an asian nato. 2 years ago, in contrast to china, another military alliance, aocus, appeared in the region, uniting the usa, great britain and australia. american approaches to security did not work there like nato or the warsaw pact? on the atlantic ocean everything is in order, there is the ussr, there is the usa, there is the warsaw pact, there is nato , that is, everything is so very clear, well, of course there are some neutral countries that are neither here

nor there, but still the model is quite well built, in the pacific ocean there is the united states, there is the soviet union, well, still not the strongest pacific power, there is china, the people's republic of china, continental china - an enemy of the united states, but let's say, since the turn of the fifties and sixties , china is not an ally of the ussr, then is here absolutely, and the main thing is also the factor of the non-alignment movement, that is, everything is very complicated here, that is, on the one hand there is the ussr and its, well, let’s say, allies, as again, let’s take words from almost our childhood, northern korea, northern vietnam, there is china, the people's republic of china, a completely separate

issue, there are satellites of the united states, such as south korea, southern vietnam, and so on, taiwan, the republic of china, there are these same tigers, and there is a movement . non-alignment is a very powerful force in led by india, indonesia, let us remember the glorious era of sukarna and so on, and this is something that, of course, does not exist in europe and in general in the atlantic theater it does not exist, that is , the situation here is very confusing, and if we remember, accordingly, all the games of the soviet union with the movement annexation, the famous tour of khrushchev and bulganin across asia in 1955, this, of course, was such a very ... specific move and of course, in terms of the impact of the tour of the pro-american japanese prime minister kishi in 1957, it cannot be compared, although he tried, let’s say, well if not to build, then at least to build the non-communist or

even anti-communist regimes of asia into some kind of phalanx under the leadership of the united states, but still with some kind of...' pan-asian tint, that is, let's say, these are not american puppets like lisenman in south korea. this is still an attempt to build a non-communist asia. but due to the fact that the pacific ocean was not the main theater, perhaps the overall level of tension was lower? in some moments the tension simply sparkled constantly, it’s enough to remember the korean peninsula, it’s enough to remember vietnam, or you see , as vladim semyonovich vysotsky said, this vaguely reminds me of the indo-pakistan incident, that is, let’s say, maybe there was no such tension. than in europe, and what is the united states in general

for the states of the pacific space, how their perception has changed throughout history, for some, the united states, it was of course a great overseas democracy, including for asian colonial intellectuals semi-colonial countries, as they say, you will ask why, due to the very activities of american missionaries, especially protestant ones, who not so much represented the united states as a state or as a political regime, but rather the fact that there is such a great free christian country that has no colonies , which does not conduct colonial policy, and is generally practically the best friend of all oppressors, then , accordingly, after japan’s victory in the russian war, the topic of japan arises as a non-white , non-christian country that defeated a white

a christian country, especially, by the way, there was a strong resonance in india, but in fact, maybe we can too, and this went on somewhere in the philippines and so on, that is, the perception of the states was very dual, triple, i don’t even know , i even still... it’s difficult to say from what moment the unambiguous perception of the states as an imperialist power begins, but in japan , of course, from the end of the second term of theodore roosevelt’s reign, gunboat diplomacy, all things when it means the american flotilla is underway across the pacific ocean, well further, you know, for some the states are the enemy, for others the states are nuclear and so on. umbrella, that is, it is very difficult

to build some kind of single general picture here, i would rather say that the leaders of the countries, the principal actors, i am talking now about the post-war period, the leaders of the countries of the principal actors, see in the states what they need, someone some people see this as an ally, a defender of their patron, others see this as an adversary, in general this is the case, of course, when the answer is clear. well, after all, the united states is a guarantor of security, right? states, rather as a guarantor of the status quo. that is, like, now it may not be very good, but it could be worse, so so be it. and in general, the states are perceived in japan as a guarantor of the status quo, because of course, with the advent of the presidency. post by donald trump, here the comrades tensed up when trump asked if japan even wanted

to pay for the nuclear umbrella and in general for everything, in the republic of korea, as i understand it, the united states is the guarantor of some kind of status about the republic of china in taiwan the same thing, that is you know, the perception of the states, rather on the principle that it wasn’t worse , or something, well, the memory of the japanese occupation and military acts then... in the middle of the last century, does this now affect the readiness of other countries, the region to cooperate with tokyo? this is a huge problem in terms of the volume of information, but by no means in terms of its significance; this factor occupies a large place in official foreign policy, and especially domestic political rhetoric, of course in the republic of korea, well, i’m not talking about the dprk, this is generally a separate topic in china.

people's republic, basically, that is, this is an important moment in domestic political rhetoric, but they remember it either before elections, or at the moment of aggravation of any, say, especially trade contradictions with japan, you know, well, they cannot agree on any specific current trade and economic issues, they begin to remember the deeds of the past, and when they began to fear china, this began... after 1949 and not only because it was since the creation of the people's republic of china, not only because in china a communist regime appeared. but in general because china, since 1911, at least for the first time, became a single state because let’s not, as they say, fool ourselves after the senyakhai revolution in 1911 , no single china existed on the world map , it was drawn like this, which means it was written china was not a single state according to according to the principle of the king of the mountain, the government that

sat in beijing and then in nanjing received international recognition as a national government. that is, it was considered the government of china, and a single there was no china. and accordingly, the first means a milestone, that china has united, you know, i’ll even say, i don’t know what is more important from the point of view of foreign actors, that china has united, or that it was united by the communists, especially since with the submission of many left-liberal anglo-american authors, they were considered not even a communist, so to speak, but such a people’s, peasant, national leader, that is, the emphasis was placed on the national factor, that a certain nationalist, but not like chenkaishi, that a certain nationalist successfully united all

china, and the fact that this nationalist acts as an ally of the soviet union, the fact that china was united by a certain national... force that is not anyone’s puppet, but the fact that chunk aishe is an american puppet, frankly speaking, was no secret to anyone, as well as the fact that maauzhen is not a soviet puppet, well, i think it was clear to everyone, and even, especially by the time maos quarreled with khrushchev, it became clear that mao was not only an independent player, an independent actor, but even that mao is not an ally the soviet union, that this is precisely the third force, so i return to what i was talking about, it is accepted for the atlantic theater, everything seems to be clear there to the ussr, but here there are many more actors, and this at least introduced, well, fear, not fear , but there is a certain complexity in this

situation, why, for example, in the sixties in japan there was a fairly strong movement for the recognition of communist china for the establishment of diplomatic relations with the prc of a completely non-communist nature. these were such nationalists and capitalists, pragmatists, realists who took into account that there is such a country with great economic and trade potential, and that this country is not a vassal of either the united states or the soviet union, and that, in general , it is probably profitable to trade with this country , it may even be beneficial, if not to be very friendly, then at least not to be at enmity, that is, here the picture was initially more complicated. thank you, we talked with vasily moladyakov. political relations between states are one thing, but love, or not people’s love, is completely different, not always coincides, from beijing, our tireless guardian,

alexander baletsky. transferred to the crazy electric car bikini, this rumble of the engines immediately makes one just turn around and shudder, but it is for the sake of such attention that they saddled brutal iron horses, of which, cutting through the narrow streets of the fashionable art world in the chinese capital, as if during a spiritualistic seance, they evoke a special spirit . growls as if the devil is breaking out, and at this moment i am in seventh heaven, happiness, because damn it, it’s me who controls this colossus, members of the beijing super player club have been playing this symbol of american freedom for more than 10 years, and after barely plunging into the biker world, they discovered america in every sense, i at first thought that these were russian motorcycles, because i saw how putin i rode the same one, only on a three-wheeler, yes,

yes, putin is cool, only later did i find out that it was an american motorcycle, although in fact it doesn’t matter whose it is. it’s like an iphone, it no longer has anything to do with the usa, so does harley, it’s already part of our chinese culture. many american things have taken root in the middle kingdom so much that today they are perceived as native in the country of endless tea ceremonies, clerks everywhere are already rushing to offices with cups of americana, and every 9:00 a new starbucks coffee shop opens in china; by 2025, there will already be 9,000 of them in the country. more only in the usa itself. now in china it has become fashionable to drink coffee, moreover, all of it is grown here , in the south of the country, so war is war, even if it is trade, and lunch is definitely on schedule, and this is a burger, texas style, or so striploin steak, also known as new york, this meat has a good flavor, it is tender, after the resumption of beef exports from the usa, the chinese again fell in love with american steaks.

trade disputes that arose under trump and intensified under biden, following restrictive tariffs on both sides, increased prices for american goods in china, including beef, but they could not refuse burgers here, especially since the diet is no longer a bowl of rice. his chinese, by the way, too. prefer to wash it down with cola, for the chinese coca-cola is more than just soda, let and the most popular in the middle kingdom , love for it was especially evident during the covid lockdowns, when quarantined neighbors wrote to each other in a general chat: i’ll exchange injections, a computer, or even a game console for a bank. on social networks you can still find screenshots of these messages and cartoons in their wake. the chinese generally liked america, even the name of the usa sounds like meigo in chinese, which means a beautiful country. here is a survey conducted by the tabloid youtube showed that, despite the fact that the absolute majority of chinese do not

more than half approve of official washington policy and are crazy about hollywood films of sports teams, especially those from the nba. these are shakilo's sneakers. yes, they are huge, size fifty-seven. hu, who himself played in the past and even became the beijing amateur champion, today has a huge collection. this jersey is especially dear to me, it was worn by shanon brown. behind the carefully hung jerseys of the players, the us flag, stars in the sky are ready to be carried in their arms, the army of fans reaches half a million people, china for the national association in general the main foreign market, which brings in more than a billion dollars every year from broadcasts alone, and basketball has gone to china to the masses. there's even a whole village basketball league here, the passions on the court in the stands are like nba super matches , it's a great game, a fierce battle, i'm very

excited, now it's an american game with chinese characteristics, and even stars invited as guests, at least in the spotlight, but even with their growth and popularity, they are lost against the backdrop of passionate chinese fans and black leaders in in national costumes, all that remains of the american... is perhaps a dream that the chinese simply combined with their own, hard work and achieving goals, step by step. alexandralsky, nikolai petrov, specially for international review, from china. a terrible story in south korea. on a conveyor line for sorting peppers, a robotic arm crushed to death a technician who came to check the sensors, the robot was mistaken by a man for a box of vegetables and sorted, it smacks of techno-horror films, from industrial injuries, many people die without

any artificial intelligence, by accident, and more often by stupidity, but this is what is called our human right. over the centuries, people have generally greatly improved the methods of self-destruction, but then, of their own free will, a person passes as the master of fate, and not a soulless piece of iron. there is a proposal to slow down self-destruction, since there are more and more factors that are not subject to us, both natural and now also man-made, and even before we even notice, we will all become boxes of vegetables in the watchful sensors of those who would like to sort us all purely at his own discretion, and he will sort it out. it was an international review, goodbye.

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often talk about money, the sums are serious, but in russia there is a clear and clear signal. at what point will you say: that’s it, i did everything i could in this project, i will never say whether russian industry is capable of replacing foreign suppliers, it is necessary mobilize all resources, give me a recipe, in general, how can you achieve what you have achieved? it seems to you that you are on top of the world, got up, dusted yourself off, is russia ready to change in any structure, is it happening?

we will take on this case, it will be an honest detective story.

iran believes that the united states is obstructing the ceasefire in gaza and expanding the scale of the war. this statement was made by iranian leader ibrahim reisi, the situation will be discussed at the summit. islamic cooperation in saudi arabia. and about what's happening in stanislav bernwalt will tell us about the enclave and the reactions of the countries of the middle east. he communicates directly with the studio. stanislav, greetings, the floor is yours.