gave criminal orders. war crimes have no statute of limitations, so in any case, each of them will deservedly be punished. in finland, they really don’t like to remember the heinous crimes committed during the second world war. the finnish army had equipment from almost all of europe. it seems that all of europe wanted the finnish army. hello, we're live. international review in the studio fedor lukyanov. today on the program is an international review. events of the week. chronicle, facts, comments. the focus is on garbage collection. otes summit in san francisco, the long-awaited summit. what will happen after the military operation in gaza, prospects for settlement. materials of our program. unexpected appointment david

cameron returned to politics; there is a new boss in the british foreign ministry. oh thank you, this is a beautiful car. don’t be afraid, this is not my first day behind the wheel, the last days: a film from 1989 based on bob woodward’s documentary book about the dramatic end of the career of us president richard nixon. in the role of nixon lane smith, in the role of brezhnev, boris sichkin, the unforgettable buba kostorsky from the elusive. no, this is not a parody, but a fairly accurate description of the trip of the soviet general secretary. in the united states in the summer of seventy

-three, and the spirit of detente, leonid ilyach was given a lincoln, in which he took nixon for a ride around camp david, and then the president invited him to his personal california estate. there are rhymes in history. half a century later, again california, again détente, again a luxury limousine. only now the american leader with respect strokes the foreign car. chinese hongqi, red banner, what a beautiful car, my car is made in china, open it, look inside, it looks like the codelac that we have there, every time on international trips this car follows me, you know what they call it, a beast, thanks, see you tomorrow.

us president joe biden and chinese president xin ping met in san francisco ahead of the annual asia-pacific economic cooperation summit. longtime observers will notice the similarities between the current sino-u.s. interactions with the soviet-american cold war. the same desire to keep contradictions under control without giving up antagonism. then the basis was formed. mutual nuclear deterrence, now the connectedness of economies, a phenomenon of a different order, but in both cases, careless behavior threatens collapse on both sides, if the feeling did not come during the negotiations, it overtook biden at the press conference, do i trust him, trust, but verify, says proverb, and this is my position, trust but verify, ronald reagan, repeated

repeatedly during negotiations with gorbachev. indeed, why waste successful finds? slovakian marjan komensky raises the intensity of passions. on the sidelines of the apec summit, a meeting of two leaders, biden and sizenping. suddenly, bang, it was a fly, says the american leader. denes summers mocks the governor of california. the drawing calls. clearing away the rubble, san francisco , where the summit took place, is notorious for its colorful thoughtless and heaps of garbage on the streets, on the eve of the meeting, gavin newson ordered their removal, artist amurim from brazil. the work from two years ago is called the first conversation. since then, little has changed, but the image still remains relevant. continuing the topic of us-china relations, craig stevens.

cleaning on the eve of the visit of dear guests. one rug is in the colors of the chinese flag, the other says: welcome. our man in china, alexander baletsky, asked about his impressions of the summit of prominent international experts, just these days they gathered in shanghai for the chinese-russian conference of the valdai club. first of all, we must control negative manifestations and not allow the relationship to degrade further to the point of complete destruction. to manage a crisis and disagreements, a mechanism is needed; the point of the meeting is to manage conflict manifestations. we call on the united states to stop waging economic, trade and technological wars against us, otherwise we will have to respond in kind, this will hit both sides, and of course, taiwan, they say that they do not support independence, but democracy, but this is deceit, they are pumping up

taiwan weapons to prevent peaceful reunification, the chinese leader sent a clear signal, china is not seeking confrontation, the second important thought is: the world is big enough for two major powers to coexist. both leaders agreed they would try to manage their differences and avoid direct confrontation. will it work? from the chinese point of view, it depends on the american country. they constantly break their word, do not do what they say, and inspire hope that countries have agreed to create several commissions on different topics. economics, finance, military issues, south china sea, and so on. groups will meet regularly; if mutual misunderstanding, crises, dangerous chaotic developments of events occur, representatives of the parties discuss how to avoid the worst.

oh, what a passage, remember the 2009 reset, the russian-american presidential commission medvedev obama, and under its auspices more than a dozen working groups, literally on all issues, including... on the development of civil society under the leadership of vladislav surkov and michael mcfaul. where, where did you go during my golden spring days? this very good information, not only for china and the usa, but i also believe it will be for , for example, our neighbors, including russia, for example, that even before,

relations between beijing and washington are on the way to new stabilization, but that’s all the level is equally very low, there is no reason to believe that the situation will improve significantly in the near future, but china’s intention to normalize relations is very firm, it was not for nothing that chairman xi said that there is enough space on earth for everyone. to create peace and develop and strengthen communications across all directions will reduce the field of misunderstanding. the chinese community in the united states arose in the forties of the 19th century, when the gold rush began in california. while

there was a lot of valuable metal, the chinese were tolerant, but when the reserves began to decline, the attitude changed. by 1880 , there were more than 200,000 chinese in california alone, accounting for almost 10% of the state's population. after the end of the gold rush, they found other uses. the chinese began to be attracted to us railway companies, however, fearing the continuation of the yellow expansion, in 1882 the us congress passed the chinese exclusion act, a law that prohibited any immigration or naturalization of them. and only 60 years later, in 1943, when china became an ally of the united states in the war with japan, a new law was adopted: magnuson ekt, which allowed the entry of the chinese under a quota of 105 people per year. in the 1950s, there were about 118,000 chinese in the united states.

the bulk of them were descendants of migrants who arrived 100 years ago. the liberalization of migration policy has led to the fact that in eighty chinese. in the usa already was 800,000 people, by 2020 the number of americans of chinese origin reached 5 million. 10% of them come from hong kong , many of them live in the so-called chinatowns, the largest is chinatown in san francisco, but there are similar districts in seattle, las vegas and new york. china is the main source of foreign students studying at american universities, most of them studying engineering, mathematics and medicine. the chinese in america are primarily employed in the fields of science education, and also in trade and entrepreneurship. many members of the chinese diaspora in the united states are successful entrepreneurs

and business owners. they create and grow companies that make significant contributions to the us economy. chinese americans hold key positions at companies such as aliba group, lenovo and tensen. we’ll talk about american-chinese relations with a wonderful sinologist and our dear friend. ivan zuenko. ivan, hello. if we ignore the media noise, which is very a lot, what exactly is the main content of this past meeting, and what are its actual results? fedov, good afternoon. we should start with the fact that the actual conversation is probably the main content and main result of this meeting. the fact is that sino-american relations are now in a stage that can well be characterized as the worst. relations for a long time, that's how we talk about russian-chinese as the best in history, then chinese-american are the worst, well

not throughout history, of course, because there were periods when countries generally fought among themselves, but in the seventies to reach such an acceptable level, we saw this a year ago during the g20 summit at bala, in principle during this summit, which took place in san francisco, we see the same thing, that is, this is an attempt to tighten up relations so that they turn, so to speak, into such an abyss, well, at the ball it didn’t really improve, why quite, until the incident with the balloon, in my opinion the look managed to bring down that degree tension that was heightened during nancy pilosin's visit to thailand, in general regarding the future, i have no doubt, for example, that any incident comparable to pilosin's visit or the aerostat will happen in 2024, but by at the end of the year, we managed to bring down this degree of tension, if we look at the very agenda of this meeting, we managed

to get some progress in the course of coordinating efforts to combat the spread of fentanyl, we agreed that the military would restore contact that was interrupted, well besides sidin ping called for an increase in student exchanges, declared his readiness to accept a large number of american students in china, promised... several pandas to america again, well, that is, in general, this is the agenda , of course, we did not expect anything breakthrough, but it didn’t happen, well, by the way, about student exchanges it’s quite interesting that earlier student exchanges meant the other way around from china to america, but now, in general , the direction has changed, and this is a story in which, of course, china can take this initiative, it will be appreciated positive, but you need to understand that america is treating this quite well now. about

yes, suspecting in the united states a solid bipartisan, as they say, consensus on the chinese issue, china is an adversary, a strategic competitor, and so on. in china, as a non-specialist, i have the feeling that not everything is so simple there; there are those who already understand that everything is competition and so on. but there are still those who are counting on the return of more, so to speak, profitable times, or am i mistaken, on the whole i would agree with this point of view, and another thing is that when analyzing chinese politics, no matter how much we want, we cannot get such a beautiful, convex picture as in america, simply due to the confidentiality of information. in the case of america and america, we can cite specific quotes, specific people, understanding what is behind this and so on, chinese politics in this regard is still closed, and speaking specifically about

politicians, in general it is difficult for us to say that there is any serious difference of opinion there, if we turn to the academic discussion, the situation there really is another one there is a fairly strong opinion that breaking with america is a big mistake for china, that china doesn’t have many chances in an open confrontation, and the severance of economic technological ties will hit china’s development quite painfully. one of the first to be hit by economic restrictions... chinese telecommunications company zti. in march 2017, a us court found her guilty of selling american equipment to iran and north korea in circumvention of western sanctions. the company was banned from cooperating with american companies for 7 years. almost 80,000 people were at risk of losing their jobs. to

continue operating in the united states, ztii fired everyone involved in violating sanctions and paid the largest fine in history - almost $15 billion. in november 2018, at the height of the trade war between china and the united states, the department of commerce introduced additional export controls on breakthrough dual-use technologies, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, bio nanotechnology, which, according to the white house administration, could be used by china for military purposes threaten us national security. from now on. semiconductors were subject to export restrictions. the chinese tech giant huawei, according to a proven scenario , was accused of violating sanctions against iran, stealing technology and industrial espionage in favor of the chinese government. wuwai's financial director and daughter maine wang jou was arrested, and wuwai itself and more than sixty of its subsidiaries were

blacklisted, deprived of access to american equipment, technology and patents. in 2020 due to alleged ties to chinese defense complex, smic, the largest semiconductor manufacturer in china and the fifth largest in the world, was included in the sanctions list. in october last year, restrictions affected supplies of semiconductors and equipment for the production of microcircuits to dozens of chinese companies and laboratories of research institutes. according to analysts, these are the largest us sanctions against china since the nineties. from now on, to import technology , chinese manufacturers need a license , which in most cases is issued the american side refuses. the new york times said the measures would curb china's military and economic ambitions by slowing the development of chinese military programs that use

supercomputers to simulate nuclear explosions, control hypersonic weapons and build advanced networks. to monitor the opposition. earlier, joe biden signed the chip science act, allocating more than $50 billion to develop domestic chip production. and there is also a fairly strong point of view that you need to go to direction of the g2 format, yes, that is, such a new bipolar structure of the world, and actually the people who advocate for it... that it has already taken place, simply due to reasons of a certain political correctness, the parties do not want to admit it, well, those who remember , the detente of international tension in the seventies, or in any case they don’t know, they note that there is some parallelism, that the pictures are a little reminiscent

of such a polite desire not to quarrel , on the contrary, to even show that there is some kind of constructiveness. despite the fact that the structure international, well, completely different now, not the same as in seventy-three, seventy -four, but still, are these parallels somehow justified, or are they just journalistic cliches? in my opinion, they are justified, i myself fully share, which means these associations, it is clear that many parallels are caused simply by such external signs, but in fact, fundamentally it seems to me that they are also appropriate, why because the united states of america and china in this case clearly understand their goals and have their own strategy they understand that, after all, these strategies are fundamentally incompatible, therefore, well, let’s say, confrontation is inevitable, then for soviet-american relations, of course, the main thing was strategic weapons, before the meeting in san francisco

information flashed that they would supposedly be discussing for the first time this is the question of armaments, but after the meeting we didn’t hear a word about it. do we have to understand that china doesn’t want to discuss this with the americans? yes, the situation here is that china sees one of its main strategic goals now in this situation, this is the maximum strengthening of its military-political potential, including in terms of strategic weapons, and indeed china is doing a lot on this topic right now, and is developing it at an accelerated pace, and it is clear that any agreements with america, in this case for china would be limiters, they would restrain it, which certainly does not meet the interests of china, as they see them. of course, i think that this issue is controlled by strategic weapons and, in general , some restrictions related to weapons

will appear in negotiations in the future, but it is unlikely that the parties will go beyond the usual declarations, for example, that neither side is going to use nuclear weapons there first, or that there should be a solution to the taiwan issue, but by peaceful methods, well, in general, everything is the same, it has already been said more than once, even more than a dozen times , it is unlikely that anything will change here, but in fact, neither one nor the other side will actually change its strategy in this regard, but as for the parallels, here with soviet-american negotiations, here the important point is that china and the united states really have a lot to discuss , in addition to strategic weapons , both sides are indeed each other’s main trading partners, have a large number of issues related to humanitarian contacts, that is, there is something to fill this agenda , and the main

thing at the moment, as we said at the very beginning, the main thing is to simply fill out some kind of agenda in order to continue to move on, so that it is possible to delay these relations from the point of no return, well, in our air, in russia, there is such a feeling of jealousy in the air that our strategic partner has gone, it seems like they have something going on there, though it’s not clear what, but something like that, we generally have a reason, i don’t know, be nervous, worry about this? it seems to me no , because russia has never said that, let’s say, international relations for it or its turn to the east means only relations with china, for sure, much less ever. china will not say, china - a country that generally officially declares that it thinks in completely different categories, the categories of community, the common destiny of humanity, rejection of

military-political, from confrontation of military-political blocs, a country that always prefers the format of bilateral relations rather than relations blocs, therefore, of course, china never said anywhere that, out of a sense of solidarity with someone, it would abandon the issue of developing relations with its generally main economic partner. therefore, in my opinion, similar views were initially unfounded, but at the same time we must understand that the tone of the conversation between sidzenping and biden and the results that were achieved, but in no way compare with what is happening between moscow and beijing, of course, our level of mutual understanding, the level of mutual trust is much higher -much higher. i know that mgemo china week is taking place right now , well, apparently it coincided by chance, i think so, from the point of view of higher education, which trains personnel,

here we are for this, as the personnel potential of russia ready for the level that you said, a very high and promising attitude , at the moment, of course, we are at the beginning of the path, as i would say, it is clear that we have a fairly serious legacy that we... have become with soviet times, but now the tasks are somewhat different, and it seems to me that in higher education there is some personnel shortage, and a personnel shortage of people who could train specialists in regional studies, we have wonderful international specialists, certainly political scientists, but in my opinion there is a shortage of regional specialists it is also felt - it coexists with a huge interest in fact, in chinese studies, we see this in our week in china in ge. this is truly an event that is held on the initiative of students, seomi, first of all, students, and attracts students from different

universities, it not only means within the framework of migemo, and at the same time we see support from the leadership, in relation to china week, for example , despite the fact that we had a student event, the level was very high, to the point that the ambassador of the chinese of the people's republic attended our event, for example, they are expanding... courses on china , including for students studying western languages , of course all this is there, but the situation cannot be broken quickly, cannot be changed, of course, we also have some psychological inertia, in accordance which china is still treated by many as some kind of exotic, yes, of course, now the situation is changing, but changing it will take some time, absolutely. well, then we’ll get used to the exotic, thank you very much, ivan was our guest zuenko from mgemo. the outcome of the meeting, which

is emphasized. americans agreement between the us and china to combat the trafficking of fintanyl, a synthetic opioid that has become the scourge of america. it is believed to be 100 times stronger than morphine and 50 times stronger than heroin. beijing promises to tighten measures on the production and export of drug raw materials, and washington promises to lift sanctions on the chinese forensic institute, which it accuses of violating human rights. what... irony, in relations between china and the west, opium once played a huge role, extremely destructive, of course, here is the same topic again, but now in the opposite direction. the 16th century in chinese history is called the golden century. the economy flourished, the population tripled and exceeded 300 million people. china sold a lot of tea, porcelain, silk to western countries, but refused to buy western...

the british governor in india , governor general ooren hastings, found a way out. he offered the chinese opium, which the british obtained from opium poppies from bengal and the chinese started buying it. the opium trade has become the most profitable business in britain colonial history. the main port was canton, modern gonjou. the chinese paid for opium in silver and it brought in up to 20% of all income of the british empire. century, the number of drug addicts in china exceeded 2 million. even members of the imperial family of the qing dynasty became addicted to opium, and this became the main threat to the existence of the state. to solve this problem, emperor ming sent his incorruptible official lindze xue to the south in 1839. arriving in the canton, linn surrounded the quarter where the merchants lived with troops and presented

foreign merchants. ultimatum: hand over all opium and no longer bring it to china. the governor threatened to behead those who violated the ban. the blockade lasted several weeks. the merchants obeyed. lin zeixu ordered the goods to be thrown into the sea, but fighting began between the chinese border junks and the british ships. and in june 1840 , a british squadron of 50 ships blocked canton from the sea. the chinese forces were significantly superior to britain. but they were noticeably inferior both in weapons and in discipline. the first opium war ended complete defeat of the qing empire. in 1842, according to the treaty of nonking, the emperor paid the british a large indemnity, gave them hong kong island and opened five new ports for trade with foreigners. opium was not mentioned in the treaty. the parties pretended that there was no drug trafficking, although it,

of course, continued after the war on an even greater scale. the qing empire was in a fever at that time; china was hit by a wave of popular protests; in 1850, the taiping uprising broke out. not only the british and french took advantage of the crisis, but also the americans. world powers demanded expanded rights for traders, the establishment of an embassy in beijing, and at the same time official permission to trade in opium. naturally, china did not agree to this. the reason for the war was found in the fall of 1856, when the chinese detained a british smuggling ship. great britain demanded the release of its subjects, but was refused, thus began the second opium war, which lasted from 1856 to 1860, and also ended with the defeat of the chinese. the anglo-french army destroyed the city of canton was already threatened by beijing. forcing

him to sign surrender on extremely unfavorable terms. in october 1860, the beijing treaties were signed. in accordance with them, china had to pay substantial indemnities, open the port of tianjin to trade with foreigners and allow the use of its population to work in the colonies of france and great britain. at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, there were about 15 million drug addicts in china, and the drug business itself. flourished until 1949, when the communists led by mao took over it.