olchevsk. we continue to talk about the peoples who moved to the historical lands of new russia in the 16th centuries and became part of its multinational population. today our story is about the gagauz, colonists who came to the wild steppes from the ottoman empire. gogauz. a small turkic people who once lived in the balkans, who their ancestors were, the pechenegs, the seljuk turks, and the turechins and bulgarians are still not entirely clear, despite their linguistic proximity to the muslim turks, the gogauzes adopted orthodoxy. at the end of the 16th century they, together with greeks, moldovans and bulgarians fled from under ottoman oppression to bessarabia, to the lands between the black sea coast, the danube and prut rivers. and the dniester, after the russian-turkish wars,

this part of the moldavian principality became the territory of the russian empire and became part of the novorossiysk-bessarabian governorate. traditionally, gogauzs are farmers and winemakers. in the russian empire, they not only settled compactly in national villages, but also quite quickly mixed with moldovans, ukrainians, bulgarians and russians. that the majority in bessarabia were moldovans; the ethnic emptiness of the region required bilingualism. within their circle, the immigrants spoke their native language, and outside they communicated in russian. the gagauz people were devoted to their new homeland and remembered how it accepted them at the beginning of the 19th century. their ancestors were given land, exempted from taxes, and encouraged with benefits. to fight the gogauzes in the russian army in the crimean, russian-japanese and other wars. it was only because of

the kerman district of bessarabia, where they lived compactly, that they were mobilized during the first world war more than 303,000 people, gogauz, rightfully victorious warriors of the great patriotic war. during soviet times, after the division of bessarabia between kiev and chisinau, the gogauzes found themselves living in two republics. in 1940, villages with a majority gogauz population were transferred to the moldavian ussr, and where bulgarians prevailed, to the ukrainian ussr. in ukraine, the gogouzs live mainly in rural areas of the odessa region, there are about 30 of them here. all the innovations in kiev, squeezing out the russian language from communication, ukrainization of schools, discrimination national minorities, the gogouzs are not happy, and the fate of the monuments to the russian general in ukraine is unclear. inzev, in the 19th century he was

the governor of bessarabia, took part in the fate of the gogauz and bulgarian settlers. in the neighboring moldovan taraclia, a monument to inzov was erected 2 years ago and is not going to be demolished; in the gogous autonomy, back in 2014 , in a referendum, its residents voted for joining the customs union and against moldova’s accession to the european union. about how the gogauzes developed the lands of new russia for several centuries and became part of its multinational population, in the story of anna efimova. traditional gagausian dances to folk music, which the average person is unlikely to distinguish from any other balkan motif, but it is... a motif, special, like its people.

the gagauz, some consider them orthodox turks, others consider them slavs who switched to the turkic language. there are dozens of versions of the origin of this people, but there is no significant scientific evidence for any specific one. therefore, everyone sticks to their own. one of them is continuity from the ancient turkic-speaking tribe, uzov. before our era, there were 200 branches of the uzes, that is, these are 200 different tribes, but one tree. and these are the bonds, they created a kingdom, this kingdom lasted for years, and in order to wash away this blood, the elders decided to be reborn into a new people, this is how the gagauzes appeared, but they were headed by two twin brothers, gak and gar, so gases, then there are two brothers, ties, ancestors, respect for ancestors, this is how the state arose, written

mentions of the nationality date back to the modern era of the 16th century. then the gogauzes lived in part of the ottoman empire. the turkish traveler and historian ivliya chelebi, who visited the crimean khanate and the northwestern black sea region at that time, called this area the land of uzov. however, the kinship of these cultures can be traced not only in toponyms, names and language, but in the national cuisine. this dish is called gezlume, and you probably met it in turkey with just flour, salt, and water. elena satirova grew up in the odessa region, her native village of kubey in the bolgrad region is located right on the border with moldova, the recipe for thin dough flatbreads filled with feta cheese, which she prepares, is known in every gogauz family, where they honor and cherish their traditions, even if there are mixed marriages. here is my grandfather, he was the chairman of a collective farm, another grandfather was a combine operator, and there were ordinary people , in fact, both bulgarians and gagao are mixed,

that is, for example, my father, father’s father, he is bulgarian and also mixed, his mother is ukrainian , that is, this is my father’s, my mother’s... my mother’s bulgarian, her father’s gogauz, and grandfather always spoke to grandmother only in gogouskom, she is a grandmother, stubbornly answered only in bulgarian. paradoxically, but true , in the statistical reports of tsarist russia until 1897, such a nationality as gogaus was not found at all; representatives of this people were listed on the document either as bulgarians, or simply marked orthodox. for the first time on the territory of bessarabia gogauzov. discovered by the russian scientist, ethnographer and statistician, academician pyotr ivanovich kopin, by 1850, he counted over 21,000 representatives of this ethnic group in these parts. as for their homeland, the balkan peninsula, and there the kuguz cannot be said to have completely

disappeared, but to a large extent, this is a rather rare phenomenon in history when an entire ethnic group does not live in its homeland, despite the fact that only a small... part has moved, but now the vast majority of the gogauz in the world , these are precisely the gogauzes from the borders of historical russia. the gagau felt absolutely comfortable when no one tried to assimilate them. it is for this reason that when the tragic year 1917 for our history came and the russian empire collapsed, and gogauzes, just like the bulgarians, the slavs who lived on the territory of bessarabia... they categorically spoke out for the region to continue to be part of the russian state, whatever it may be, whatever it may be, be it tsarist russia or the soviet union, which, by the way, gave the kogauz people writing, the first book based on the gogogauz alphabet created by scientists of the ussr academy of sciences was published only in the late

fifties, it was a folklore and literary collection. this nationality reached its dawn during perestroika. by the end of the eighties gogauzs were widely represented in local government bodies and headed the collective farm. became people's deputies of the ussr, the number of goga's creative intelligentsia grew, everything seemed to be fine, but suddenly it began. in 1988, nationalist sentiments began to grow in chisinau , unauthorized actions under the slogans of moldova, the indigenous inhabitants of bessarabia, sovereignty, language, the latin alphabet, the ban on the russian language as a state language, at first lenient... nods towards russian-speaking national minorities, and then pogroms, the campaign of moldovan nationalists against gagauzia, which did not develop into a bloodbath only thanks to the intervention of parts of the armed forces of the ussr , however, a familiar plot, but, but then in 1994

gagauz was given, albeit controversial, but still autonomy status 20 years later years in the neighboring independent region of 2004, donbass and the entire east of ukraine were deprived of this right. respect for traditions, language, culture, and such for many today, unfortunately, has filled askomin with the concept of how fraternal peoples dissolved in the nationalistic frenzy of ukrainian pro-western political elites. in fact, the bulgarians, the moldovans, the ggezols have a huge number of unifying elements in their traditions, clothing, and food, but we are one people, one people, this is what they now want to do with russia, destroy it, divide it into pieces, yes , they did this to us, first they took away our statehood, then they took away our land, and then they took away even worse, history , but as you say identity, they couldn’t take away our culture, because it

’s inside us, it can’t be taken away, it can’t be killed, these people can often even be said to be accused of pro-russian views, and if for conventionally moldovan gogauzes they adhere to them at least relatively. then in ukraine today the situation is different. yes, they are leaving because they don’t accept this system , they cannot accept this situation, they are not ready to go kill russian people for some american-ukrainian idea, you see, this is not the story for which the gogauz will go to fight when- then, in order to preserve their identity, the gogauzes had already left their native places, having moved to novorossiya, they cultivated the wild sun-scorched steppes, worked by the sweat of their brow, living in peace and harmony with their neighbors, russians, ukrainians, greeks, armenians, in these parts they finally found a home, not just for the sake of it. anna efimova, valery saveleviya popova, typical new russia.

we will talk about what is unique about the gagu experience of colonization of novorossiya with our regular expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha, good afternoon, good afternoon, what did such a small people, the gogozovs, of novorossia expect , how did they end up in these endless steppes? it must be said that their main habitat is bessarabia, the bessarabia province, let us remind you that it was part of a single governorate-general , which novorossiysk and bessarabia were called with its center in odessa, but nevertheless there are several in the eastern part of bessarabia, there are literally four settlements in the zaporozhye region, not far from melitopol , where ggaguz either predominate or are quite widely represented, that is, this is the area. and of course, well, first of all, this is how all immigrants from the balkans, in novorossiya, this is

winemaking, this is gardening, this sheep breeding, i was surprised when in moscow, in one of the networks, we won’t do advertising , i discovered, absolutely wonderful, of kgu origin, besar wine, well, this is really, this is such a cultural contribution, one might say, really to the general this mosaic, the ethnic mosaic of new russia and bessarabia. the appearance on the map of the post-soviet space is the result of a clash between nationalist and pro-russian forces in moldova in the nineties, they know a lot about this, but they know less about ggagauzia, about what was happening at that time there, in this region, what was there? transnistria is also a region, of course, part of the russian world, yes, but there is both a moldovan and a bulgarian population there, so... this polyethnicity is characteristic, yes, but nevertheless, the tough nationalist policy

of chisinau, which in the early nineties there , so to speak, the local elites were literally overwhelmed by their idea of ​​​​an early accession to romania, that is, in fact, the liquidation of this moldovan statehood, yes, it met with acute hostility not only in on the left bank of the dniester, but in the south of the republic, where the main compact area of ​​residence of the gluzes is, and this autonomy was supported, that is, it was not... you know, like a clash of two nationalisms, you can imagine, say, the gogauz , yes, there is little moldovan, no, but the gagauzians were supported by both the bulgarians and the russians, and the ukrainians who lived in this area, because everyone understood that this policy was tough from kishneva, it, of course, completely contradicts the local traditions there , interests, russian language is there the dominant official one, despite the fact that the gguguzes retain their own language, yes, but firstly, it is very rich in russian vocabulary. and secondly, just even if there are elections there, for example, official ones, recently elections were held

there this year, well, relatively this year, and there they are in russian, that is, this is very important, it is the language of interethnic communication in bessarabia and in novorossiya, who are all these small nations, they understand very well the importance of its preservation, this is the guarantee of self-preservation, how can this not it’s strange to show that they see it precisely in connection with moscow, because these are purely ethnocratic... regimes, be it in kiev, be it in chisinau, they of course create problems, this is exactly what we saw in the early nineties, in moldova, so ggaguskaya was formed, at the beginning, the republic was proclaimed, the republic was proclaimed, and the transnistrians actively helped , there were raids by nationalists from chisinau, here are the radicals, and to the south of the republic, there on buses, if you remember, here is one of the banned naunso with us oh, here's the train friendship, by the way, korchinsky didn’t come up with this, he actually copied it from the same raid to the south, which

the moldovan nationalists undertook in 1990, and a lot of blood could have been shed there, including intervention simply on orders from moscow, that was in balgrade is nearby, and the airborne division is located, the paratroopers simply saved them from the real massacre that could have unfolded there, and after that such a sluggish peace process began, but chisinau eventually had to admit in the mid-nineties, in ninety-five, he already received this autonomy, that is, the kaguz managed to achieve status without this bloodshed, and we see that if the others, so to speak, such authorities and the central ones, had behaved... the same way as they behaved with the gaguzes in chisinau at some point, when this nationalistic frenzy had already passed there, they realized that they needed to live in peace, then it became, well, that is , as if the problems were removed, now we see exactly the same processes again, the openly pro-western course of chisinau again problems begin, gogauz autonomy feels that it is under threat, and so to speak, passions are running high there, the gogauzs, today have

their own autonomy in bessarabia, which is part of moldova, and what... they tell in gogauz schools, in general, so to speak, in gogauz, about our common history, about novorossiya. the gagauz, as it were, are such a kind of bridge between the russian world and the turkic world and therefore, for example, ah, despite the fact that, as i already said, they really value historical unity with russia, and of course, emphasizes this point, yes, but nevertheless, the study of their own roots, including the connection with turkic, because the gluzes belong to this, so to speak , cultural group, cultural and linguistic, is very large, and including in the field of education , the gluzes support not only such a general orientation towards moscow , yes, but there are connections with the region, for example, with tatarstan, yes, that is, here too, although in such a philological sense these are not so close turkic peoples, but nevertheless they have some kind of common kinship, so to speak, and

there is cultural, educational connection, but there is also a story related to the fact that bessarabia... in general, but before the revolution, there was a single province, which included the current southern part of the odessa region, where the gaguzes were also settled, so to speak, then already in soviet times, they literally cut it out with scissors, so to speak, took away the south, the same ggaguuz area and the bulgarian one, they just divided it with this border, so in moldova there were more ggaguuzs, in the odessa region there were more bulgarians, but it was all like would be alive, in fact, that is, this imagine. not such a large people, yes, they were further divided by borders, and of course, this is the feeling, so to speak, on the one hand of their unity, on the other hand, the understanding that they are part of this mosaic of bessarabia and, in a broader sense, the mosaic novorossia, yes, of course, it is very, very large, thank you very much , it was very interesting, alchevsk is a city in the lugansk

people's republic, by the standards of the region it is relatively young, only 128 years old, it began with the yuryevka railway station, where in 1895 in the year the donetsk-yuryevsk metallurgical society, the ros plant, built its plant, a workers’ village appeared next to it, it has already turned into a city, alchevsk city is named after the owner of the plant, the founder of the metal society, russian industrialist and entrepreneur alexei alchevsky, after his tragic death in 901 , russian businessmen petitioned the government about this, as a sign of respect for alchevsky, the enterprise that he founded became a city-forming enterprise. at the beginning of the 20th century, this was one of the most advanced factories in russia.

this is how it remained during soviet times. from him. the metal is used to make the structures of the moscow metro, the ostankino tv tower, factories in india and iran, irrigation systems in algeria and morocco, and hydroelectric power stations in egypt. in 2014 , the plant stopped due to regular shelling by the armed forces of ukraine, but then worked again. in 2017, work was interrupted by the economic blockade from ukraine. today the plant is back in operation, now employing almost... 10,000 people. this summer, alchevsk medical plant became one of the first participants free economic zone created by the government of the russian federation in the lugansk people's republic. about the past and present of the city of metallurgists in the story of olga mokhova.

the alchevsk metallurgical plant is visible from almost anywhere in the city, tall... open-hearth chimneys are like a calling card of alchevsk and a tribute to history, in the soviet years as many as 10 furnaces smoked here, at the beginning of 2000 the open-hearth production was replaced by convection, the largest modernization was carried out, and a ladle furnace was built, and a continuous casting machine steel, but two converters, and this allowed us to reach a higher level of production. technological, we have improved the environment, we have relied on the most advanced technologies since our founding, the launch of the first blast furnace in 1896, the vnetskaya... company was the first in russia to use large furnaces for the production of fiber alloys, and good quality steel was obtained by combining convectors and mortens . for the first time at our plant, again

in the south of russia they began to use liquid cast iron, they melted it with metal, which means they poured it directly cast iron was poured into ladles into open-hearth furnaces. our factory produced beams and dutar beams of large and medium sizes. for the first time in russia, they used to buy it abroad for a lot of money, and then they began to produce it at our plant. already in the nineties of the 21st century, both the plant itself and the workers’ settlement near it were equipped with electricity, a great rarity at that time. however , the founder of the donetsk-yuryev metallurgical society, alexey alchevsky , differed from the entrepreneurs of his era in his attentive attitude towards workers and in the fact that relied in his business exclusively on domestic capital. at our plant , according to the evozyat biketov project , a city hospital was built for workers and an exemplary workers' village was designed, in

which there were not wooden barracks, but solid houses made of wild stone and red brick. and when the country experienced an economic crisis, alexey kirillovich did not fire the factory workers until the last minute and continued to pay wages. za dumo was at that time like an island in the stormy ocean of economic crisis. here they continued to smelt iron and steel and produce various types of rolled products, although production was being curtailed everywhere. the disasters that were already sweeping across russia were not fully felt here. one of the first marshals of the soviet union, the legendary klim voroshilov began his labor and revolutionary journey at the alexei alchevsky plant. the workers ' settlement received his name, along with the status of a city, in 1931, although it stayed in oroshilovsky only until the early sixties, and after that it became a commune. in

in the late eighties and early nineties , interest in the history of the city and the alchevsky family increased among city residents, so at a city referendum in the ninety-first year it was decided to return the city its historical name, olchevsk. the destinies of the city are inextricably linked, the ups and downs of production indicators immediately reflected on the well-being of the townspeople. with the beginning of the great patriotic war , steel was melted here for engines, tanks and aircraft, and later they began producing mortar shells. the evacuation of the plant was completed literally the day before the occupation. the occupation lasted 14 months, the nazis kidnapped young people in germany, more than a thousand young people, literally the day before they retreated from the city, september 1, 1943, they burned 83 people alive. every third employee of the metallurgical plant did not return

from the war, and the enterprise itself lay in ruins, but by 1945 its blast furnaces had smelted more pig iron than in the pre-war forties. in 1956, the most powerful steel-smelting unit in europe was launched here, open hearth furnace number seven, in sixty- six - the largest start-up. the workshop used our metal to build railway tanks, built ships, built submarines, even one satellite flew from our metal, soviet rolled steel is mainly used for construction, so where new objects were built, our steel went there. in 1970 , a monument to the glory of the work of metallurgists was unveiled on karl marx square, confirmation that the city is its people; the prototype of the monument was local carpenter nikolai minachenkov, the future hero of socialist... labor. and today, despite difficult times, the alchevsk metallurgical plant, and the main city-forming enterprise, is the backbone of the economy of the entire region. our plant actively participates

in the life of the city; today, at our own expense, we participate in the development and modernization of victory park. today we built a memorial at our own expense. we helped the city get back to normal. during the heating season, and in the summer , more than 26 km of asphalt roads were laid around the territory of the plant, on the next step is the modernization of production, because while cast iron is being poured, steel is melting, see you soon.

investment rating, economics, through a specific story, we can reach people, we often talk about money, the amounts are serious, in russia there are rosary beads and a clear signal, at what point you will say, everything i did in this

project, everything that i could, i will never say. is russian industry capable of replacing foreign suppliers? it is necessary to mobilize all resources, give me a recipe, in general, here’s how to achieve what you want have you reached it, do you think you are on top of the world, got up, dusted yourself off, is russia ready to change, is evolution taking place in any structure? we are alexander and dmitry koshnin, i calculated

the model. for super-hard material for industry, and i for a super-sensitive gas analyzer, and this is grandfather, thanks to his ingenuity, we became interested in science, develop an interest in science from childhood, enroll in scientific specialties.rf.

hello, this is the senate program, my colleague, vera krasova, and me, vladimir nesterov, we will talk about the key events of the federation council and how the work of senators affects the development of the regions of our country. learn more about everything right now. the russian language as a language of interethnic communication is the central theme of the autumn session of the cis interparliamentary assembly in bishke. in general, the russian language is now given a lot of attention in the cis. lugansk people's republic, integration into the russian legal and social system, would there be