[000:00:00;00] domestic scientists, a small town with a population of 100,000 people, a town in the lugansk region, about 200 km to rostov-on-don by car, and about 40 to the capital of the lpr. alchevsk is considered the rear of donbass, the front line passed close by, there were battles for neighboring artyomovsk, but still on the side, but there was some shelling from ukraine here too. this year , the city has been featured in nwo news reports several times. with the advent of new weapons in ukraine and the range of missiles,

accordingly, we came under... fire the shelling ended up in red territory. valeria fedorova has been living in alchevsk for several years, since she moved here after her husband, an employee of a local metallurgical plant, and she herself heads the department of ecology and safety at the donbass technical state university, gives lectures to students and conducts scientific activities. this is probably where i will stay, where i like it, where... my development will probably be and i will be able to bring something in, something that may help something in later life. she has a successful postgraduate defense behind her candidate's dissertation. i had a topic on the pharmacodynamic effectiveness of the use of otstyl cysteine ​​in a model of closed traumatic brain injury. work at two universities in the lugansk people's republic and many completed scientific projects, almost all of them

related to protection and restoration. we have environmental problems , we need to fight them, uh, we need to support our nature, help it regenerate itself, since at the moment it no longer knows how to do this. currently, valeria is engaged by breeding sturgeon, which she calls hydrobionts, the fish are kept in a closed cycle system, that is, in a specially equipped pool... in one of the laboratories of her university, we create comfortable conditions for their existence and development for their full development. such a project did not arise spontaneously, as an ecologist, she believes that biodiversity is so disturbed that not only emergency measures to clean up the environment are required, but also a systematic search for solutions on how to effectively replenish

lost resources, the dumping of industrial drains, yes, the same abundance of fish in industrial volumes in general, which our reservoirs have just become impoverished, there are few fish there, the diversity, let’s say, has decreased, and i probably wanted to help our nature, with something significant, such that - it really had a positive impact. her scientific project, valeria explains, is aimed at a number of important problems, using the example of aster fish, which are considered extremely demanding of their habitat, and the university is developing methods for restoring and maintaining water quality. their research, scientists say, can also be useful to those who want to introduce their own fisheries; in principle

, anyone can install the same pool in their home... with the entire cleaning, aeration, filtration system and use an environmentally friendly product, please yourself, even at home . during the ukrainian attacks on alchevsk, valeria recalls, not only people suffered, but also her pets. the university staff have been transferred to remote work, but the fish require daily care, in the conditions of a special military operation, this it turned out... lera, people are dying, and you are for your fish, she, mom, what are you saying, this is our job, i can’t, and her employee says, olga dmitrievna, and you know that when it was hot, she was at home i froze bottles of water and

brought them by car with my husband. i lowered it into the pool and cooled the water in such a way that the fish would not die, so i admire my daughter. she is the chief physician of the clinical onological dispensary of the lugansk people's republic, hello, hello, sunshine, hello , what, oh, how i love you, i miss you very, very much, i miss you, candidate medical sciences, operating surgeon. following the example of her mother, valeria dreamed of treating people since childhood, but due to circumstances , she chose a different profession, day, there was probably one big problem, the sight of blood caused me, well, such feelings, very, very negative. i entered the medical university, but not the medical faculty, but the pharmaceutical faculty, then

graduate school and unknown events in the donbass. these are some problems that were, yes, turned out to be so insignificant, so completely insignificant and yet you understand, what happiness in the morning... waking up to see your loved ones next to you is probably the most important thing in life. last december, valeria fedorova was invited to a congress of young scientists that came to sochi; vladimir putin met with the congress participants ; she asked the russian president about the possibility of grant support for donbass science. there was such a question, since our territory, well , naturally, was deprived of such support, after the congress, and a bill appeared,

our universities can also participate now, in grant support, and we are already planning, or rather, there are even results, students have already received grants. now, in general, in her city, alchevsk, in lugansk, it has become better, valeria believes, much is being restored, rebuilt, and she herself continues her teaching scientific work. as part of the russian federation, of course, it seems to me that there are more prospects, we have more, these are the opportunities that we can bring to life and i hope everything will work out. we are alexander and dmitry koshnin, i calculated a model of superhard material for industry, and i am for an ultra-sensitive gas analyzer, and this is grandfather, thanks to his

ingenuity, we became interested in science. develop an interest in science from childhood. alexander and dmitry gemini, they were born in krasnoyarsk, in a family of physicists, and, as they joke, their professional paths. were predetermined historically. grandmother nina vasilievna, she was the first graduate student of leonid vasilievich kerensky, this is the founder of the krasnoyarsk school of physics, and grandfather, he was a physics teacher, director of the lyceum, that ’s what came from grandfather, in fact, this is what he tried to develop a love for physics, and also her father, mother and her sister, all devoted themselves to science. the brothers remember that there was reign in the house. an appropriate atmosphere, the names of nobel laureates were heard, discoveries were discussed, articles were being prepared for publication, however, their own passion for physics did not appear immediately, well, no one likes to study, for some reason, in fact, only later

do you realize that it is actually useful, and when you reach some limit and think, you want to learn something new and so on, but then no, no i wanted to do nothing at all, but my grandfather did not give up, he regularly worked with his grandchildren, explained to them complex natural scientific laws, interpreted certain experiments, and most importantly, says alexander, he taught them to think in images, to see life’s meanings behind the dry numbers and strict logic of formulas, that is, for an ordinary person, i turned on the light there, yes, well, the light came on, okay, what should i do about it, and if i think about it, i look like that, they turn on the light, i understand that when you turn on the light, it means the circuit is closed, coming the field goes there, electrons run here, heats up, radiates, you understand why this happens , this, in principle, from my point of view, is the most important thing in science in general. after school , the kvashnin brothers entered the krasnoyarsk state, now siberian federal university, at the faculty of physics, and

took a master’s course at the moscow institute of physics and technology. one of the strongest universities in russia, according to the international ranking of times high education, dmitry and alexander graduated with honors, and then the road to big science. i have samples, not only. structures, but also materials that we synthesize, in particular, in this flask there is a powder, this black one, this is just the highest wolfham barite, which we predicted and now we know how to synthesize it in the form of this... nanometer powder. top scientific journals and daily newspapers published this news several years ago. skoltech employees, including alexander kvashnin, a current professor at the institute of science and technology, were able to decipher the crystal structure of superhard tungsten boride, a task that the leading laboratories around the world have been trying to solve this problem for decades without success. this is the model of the highest boride wolfran that we

predicted. for the first time this material attracted attention in the middle of the last century, its mechanical properties were very interested in scientists, what we have already studied , using the example of incisors, it is hard, we can say that it is half as hard as diamond, it sounds this is so-so, but nevertheless it is harder than, well, other materials that we know, it was previously believed that the basis of this chemical compound is four boron atom, the experimental descriptions were very different from each other, russian specialists were able to explain this phenomenon, and now there are many different algorithms for searching for crystal structures on a computer. accordingly, we also have some kind of intuition, chemical, physical, we thought, let’s study this compound, ibor systems, and let’s predict all stable ones on the computer. which there may be of different compositions.

research has shown that tetrabaride does not exist at all, and that the previous 60 years was mistaken for the crystal structure - only one of the variations of pentaboride, that is, in reality, for each tungsten atom there are not four, but about five boron atoms. black, hand painted. these are tungsten atoms, the white ones are boron atoms, the blue ones are also boron atoms, which are located in special positions, due to which the structure becomes very strong. now that, thanks to alexander kvoshnin and his colleagues, the exact formula is known, it has become possible to obtain any, even the most meager volumes of the finished substance. the potential scope of application is the widest, from spare parts for cars to the use of... professional equipment, for example, as part of

drilling rigs. actually, detailed studies began with the search for a super-strong material for industry, which ultimately led their team to an important scientific discovery, alexander clarifies. here we have a drill bit with which we drill the earth, but not we, people drill the earth to extract oil, gas and so on, there are cutters that use all this the case is being drilled, and these cutters consist of just like that. of the hard substrate on top of it, the diamond is melted, everything is drilled with these diamonds, but the task was to replace the diamond with something else, something cheaper, as a hard substrate , victorious is traditionally used, an alloy known and widely used in many industries, we are talking about victorious , will win - what is it? we have tungsten, we combine it with carbon, we get tungsten carbite, very hard, and then we add a binder in the form of cobalt , we get it will win, in addition to...

mining and manufacturing industries will win, we also know the material for tank armor, the material is resistant to cracks, explains alexander, a very dense, durable weight, such a small fragment pulls 8 kg, to this base of pobedit, scientists suggested adding barite tungsten as a low-cost alternative to diamond, and experimentally, another layer of tungsten boride was baked on top to create this... such a cutter that can be used for drilling various rocks. now alexander continues his research in the field of barids. another area of ​​his activity is high-temperature superconductivity, one of the most technically complex areas of modern material knowledge. he also teaches and lectures to students, like his brother gemini.

happiness recently came to dmitry kvashnin’s family, a child was born, and now he spends all his free time with the baby, another one, and a few years earlier he completed another important life’s work, received the degree of doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. protection dissertation coincided with the coronavirus pandemic, which caused the applicant a lot of anxiety. they told me to come. only i had to go to the defense, no spectators, no fans there, no family, you can’t bring, as usual, there were six opponents here, they were online, the defense was postponed twice due to the pandemic. well, but nothing, in the end it happened, this is what happened on july 2 , 2020, dmitry kvashnin has been studying the properties of a graphene-based nanostructure for many years. the scientist explains this choice by the promise of such research. that there are nanomaterials, they are several times sensitive, if not on the order of magnitude, they may

be sensitive to standard materials used, and this allows you to see what standard current materials cannot see now. maybe i’m talking about medicine, with the help of modern computational methods he researches and proposes new materials that, due to their characteristics, can be useful to many people. dmitry is a theorist, a fundamentalist, so his main activity is related to working on the computer. actually, why is the area needed? quantum chemistry and now the artificial intelligence of machine learning is attached to it, so as not to do a huge number of experiments, but to say in advance on the computer: what can work and what cannot, and already pay attention to specific conditions. for example, he calculated and predicted the possible synthesis of boron oxynitride, a new material whose electronic and optical properties can be controlled. the first samples were obtained several years ago, and further research only confirms

the prospects of the find. professors in china they continue to synthesize this material and use it for detection and therapy of oncological diseases, now they are conducting a study on mice, where they showed that nanoparticles of this oxyoni three or more have a positive effect on, well, it’s correct to say, a positive effect on slowing down the growth rate of tumors in mice , that is, somewhere there you can see that it is slowing down by 70%. his wife sophia is his support in everything, including big science. they studied at the same university in krasnoyarsk, began to communicate and become friends back in my student years. loves to film, i got pneumonia, and i spent a whole month in the hospital, i come, it’s already the third semester, i come to the teachers and tell them, i don’t know anything, how can i make it in time, how can i understand all this, well, that is from scratch, i needed to somehow catch up with this

, and some teacher said, here you go, here, help, help her, help her, well, in short, and that’s how we got along, now they both work in institute... but i help researchers with articles when they have to submit articles for foreign magazines are in english, well, they write as best they can, and i correct them. dmitry and sophia traveled halfway around the world together, on this symbolic map there are marks where they visited. the first feeling that was very noticeable was the lack of foreign business trips for conferences, that is, it is possible to get there, but the question is at what

cost, and the question becomes, why, our main cooperation now with china is within the framework of the rsf project that we submitted . uh, if, i hope, the project goes through, then we’ll be with them cooperate more actively, already on specific tasks that were written. so, well, how are we doing, everything is fine, great, yeah, then you are now preparing the solvents. yes, yes, we are weighing, great, yes, and here we have it, guys , in this laboratory of st. petersburg state university, very important, albeit invisible to the naked eye, molecular processes are taking place, tests today, which we are analyzing, the results of which are vital are significant for

each of us, i'm apple from skiby, orange too, uh-huh, great, good, kirila. what task directly guides the research today irina timofeeva, candidate of chemical sciences, directly, i want to determine today antibiotics in the feed or milk, so we will first need to change the feed, well , well, preparing the milk is great, okay, then let’s get to work, together with students , they determine the quality and check for safety baby food, food products, juices, water, in a word, everything that is included in the daily diet of humans or animals, this sample contained a lot of ascorbic acid acids, yeah, yeah, yeah, you can see from the values, yes, that they are also developing methods and systems of rapid tests, with the help of which such an analysis could be carried out in everyday conditions at home or right in the store,

then i lower the stripes, here they are and now they are chainless, yeah, but in everything , for example, to establish the content of vitamins in the composition of the liquid, so well, even if you turned away from me the inscription, yes, that this is a zasok, you could safely say that since it turns blue faster here, then here on... probably orange, and some kind of citrus juice, yes, here is the most ascorbic acid, it turns out that there is a little strip here, well, there is also, even there is, vitamin c is necessary for the human body, however, in large dosages, irina explains, it can be harmful to health, so it is important that manufacturers strictly follow the recommendations of the ministry of health , especially in the food recipe for the little ones, there may be purees, there are some kind of mixtures. complementary foods in those for which it is necessary to determine ascorbic acid, because as is known, despite the fact that ascorbic acid would be very

a useful component; in high concentrations it can cause allergies in children. over the past few years, she, together with her colleague andrei shishov, has created more than sixty different methods for chemical analysis of samples, many of which are used in practice. our task is to develop one. that is, an algorithm of actions , yes, in order to determine a specific analyte, that is, a substance that we want to determine, be it a pesticide or an antibiotic or a heavy metal, in a specific object of analysis. using their methods, you can study the composition of almost anything, from food or water to oil and building materials. to put it simply, for example, we need to determine antibiotics in milk. here is the task: we are developing methods that make it possible to isolate these antibiotics from milk in the future, to analyze this

extract in order to determine what specific substances, what specific antibiotics are contained in this product. for their scientific developments, irina timofeeva and andrey shishov was awarded the russian presidential prize for young scientists in february 2023. we were given a specific task, that we are building houses, there is a smell of amiok, in the houses... please decide, it smells bad, yes, but there are things that do not smell of anything and are not perceived by humans in any way, it is a harmful material for health , therefore, in this sense, if new opportunities arise for the study of materials and food products, it is necessary, of course, to introduce new standards, and then, accordingly, new methods that would allow these standards to be ensured, but in my hands i have, probably, the most dear to my heart medal, award, and this badge was presented, personally, by the president

of our country, and by my colleague, with whom we received this award together, from him exactly the same, there is a badge, the numbers are different, before irina there were no scientists in their family, dad was an engineer, mom was a doctor, she herself also wanted to go into medicine, but in high school she became so interested in natural sciences that this ended up. .. not only her specialty diploma, but also a future path: analytical chemistry. i also studied in this building, and we also held classes in this first one, this is perhaps the largest auditorium in our institute of chemistry. and of course, this is the situation. it cannot help but contribute to getting carried away by this beautiful science. after receiving higher education,

i entered graduate school and during my studies solved an incredibly difficult practical problem. in 2010, residents of new buildings complained en masse about the smell of ammonia in their homes; in some apartments the smell was so strongly, irina recalls, that it was physically impossible to be there, it corrodes the eyes, mucous membranes, and even the nose, and with a long stay in such premises you can even get not only allergic reactions, but also oncology is possible, so of course this problem was very important, they approached us, and we decided to eradicate this problem in the bud, the separation of ammonia precursors in concrete and concrete mixtures, that was the topic of her dissertation, with her scientific supervisors there were two of them, she

traveled to construction sites, took samples of fresh concrete and... many analyzes in the laboratory and directly on site. two methods have been developed, which are still in demand, with the help of which analysis is carried out directly on construction sites to determine whether a given concrete mixture is of high quality or not, but specifically for a specific group of substances that result in ammonia. studies have shown that the cause of the dangerous odor in houses was... urea, which was used as a cheap frost-resistant additive during construction in winter season. unfortunately, not all points and factors were taken into account, and thus the high content of this component in the sample, as a result , led to the release of ammonia, that is, a urea molecule, resulting in two molecules of ammonia, and thus the room

becomes unsuitable for life, the results of the dissertation are now being taken into account... using the methods proposed by her, the quality of materials is determined before work begins in order to prevent violations. having realized that it is really possible to do something very significant and necessary in first of all, yes, i decided to stay in science and continue my activities, but the only thing that, you see, led me a little away from concrete mixtures towards food products. in addition to the main scientific. lectures on analytical chemistry and students practice, newbies came to the laboratory, so what kind of weed is this? thyme, well, what does this look like, mint, is wonderful, but what stands out from thyme from mint, if you mix these ingredients in one test tube and

shake vigorously, little by little see what happens to these substances, they begin gradually melt, fuse, which means that hydrogen bonds are formed between thymol and menthol, that is, one acts as a donor of hydrogen bonds, the other as an acceptor of hydrogen bonds, and a new substance is formed, which we call. yes, deep phtatectic solvent. in addition to her leading activities, irina timofeeva regularly participates in professional conferences; she recently returned from kuala lumpur, where she spoke about the success of russian scientists. this is a big major conference where both european countries and

asian countries were present. and at this conference, the scientific group and i did not feel any kind of, let’s say, social isolation at all, on the contrary, at the final evening we were asked to sing a song in russian, which actually was difficult for us, but doable. in the same year, in addition to the russian presidential prize, she received another award for fidelity to science and continued to actively work on her research, so that, like other young scientists, after some time she would present new results and discoveries to society. the western countries of nato, they set up a training ground from ukraine and dragged us into this war, i believe that they need to be taught a lesson, behind us, our families and the memory of our ancestors, we all do not want to let this war into our country, to our people, we are all here with an idea, we don’t have any ideological ones here, whoever is new comes, we

train them, they quickly catch on, serve under a contract. hello, international review is on air at the fyodor lukyanov studio. today on the program is an international review. events of the week, chronicle, facts, comments, who is argentina, miles, in fact, social experiments within the country, populist presidents. questions about the abolition of copyright, what will happen to us for