hello, we're on international air. review in the studio fyodor lukyanov. today on the program is an international review. events of the week, chronicle, facts, comments. who is argentina smaller, really? social experiments within the country of populist presidents. questions about the abolition of copyright, what will we get for such freedom? materials of our program. a look at the middle east

conflict from asia, the issue of possessing nuclear weapons, an alarming suitcase as the last argument. a month and a half after the start of the war in palestine, the first good news: israel and hamas agreed to exchange some hostages for prisoners to suspend hostilities. the practice is not new, known from past conflicts, what is not clear further: the israelis promise a complete cleanup of gas after a pause, but there are external factors. the resource of unconditional support from the united states seems to be close to exhaustion. most international players would like to extend the truce and begin to build some kind of political structure, though it is not clear which one. in the near future it will become clear that the desire of external forces will prevail to extinguish a conflict that is unnecessary for them, or:

the desire of the parties to continue to put the squeeze on, this will be quite a significant choice not only for the region, but from the point of view of global trends. israel, by the way, has a reliable friend. the newly elected president of argentina, javier miley, not only intends to make his second foreign visit to israel after the united states and move the embassy to jerusalem, he is considering converting to judaism in retirement. a little ridiculous lively, expansive, eccentric and roguish, but gambling from god, the world remembers the argentinean diego maradona in this way, then his political analogue appeared, a couple of months ago, javier melia knew a narrow circle of gourmets, now he is the elected president, large and ambitious. a power that should, in

theory, become a member of brix in a month and a half. mini trump, a madman, an economist with a chainsaw, javier miley is not offended by the nickname and continues to give out new reasons for jokes. the presidential election victory of a fifty-year-old radical outsider with makeup and hair like elvis shocked the argentine establishment. for the first time in the world stories. the country was headed by a libertarian, and even with almost no political experience, he was elected to parliament the year before last from the libertat advance coalition, during this time he did not propose a single bill and became famous for his loud statements and drawing his salary in the lottery. miley's election campaign was a strange mixture of donald trump's campaigns, zhirinovsky's debates and eric zimur's speech. at rallies, melenius rarely shouted and sang and danced on stage.

swung a saw and promised to cut out everything that, in his opinion, led the country to decline. the central bank, which in his opinion was guilty of 14 percent inflation, miley proposed to burn and replace the national peso with the american dollar. his fiery temperament manifested itself in school, where he was called crazy for his outbursts of aggression. in his youth, miley splashed out his energy on stage, performing rolling stones hits on the football field. political education of the new president. no, i have 20 years of experience in economics as a university lecturer and financial consultant. he easily used this place for the role of tv presenter and showman. the tiktok star with disheveled wolverine-style sideburns called himself an opponent of abortion and a tantric sex coach, and simultaneously talked about the advantages of abstinence and relationships with two partners at once. the proponent of free love never married, he promised... karina, who

helped him during the election campaign , considers four cloned english mastiffs to be his children, and poriz is a consultant... with whom he communicates through a medium. javier miley calls himself a convinced catholic and a potential jew. he reminds me a lot zafad bilbrox, a character created by douglas adams for his guide to the galaxy. for a short period, he manages to become the president of the galaxy, and then kidnap himself. however, this character is fictional, and millions of followers on instagram and tiktok follow the shocking antics of a real politician. appear on the list of the most influential people in argentina. argentina is a country of great hopes, impressive potential, which has not emerged from the economic political quagmire for decades, they have tried everything, diregism and

monetarism, military dictatorships of varying degrees of severity and democratic freedom, opposition to the united states, and almost submission to them. now another feint. our most interested observer, sergei brilev, came from the scene. there are not many cemeteries in the whole world where excursions are conducted; here they take people to the cemetery in buenos aires, look at people’s graves, but look at what ideas are still alive. and would have been completely buried. very difficult politicians and quite open oligarchs, pious wives and successful lovers, in such an environment, competition with each other

continues even after death. the price of the question is who has the shavral crypts, which is what people come here to look at. there are special categories of military tombstones, however, the fact is that they are all in the old style. seems to prove that their influence in politics is in the past, especially now that argentina has elected a president who is completely liberal, a libertarian. however , there is a completely different look at him, at the shallowness of everything so shocking, everything seemingly so freedom-loving. this is not the triumph of normal traditional the liberal, libertarian party, well , that’s what it’s called, even though it’s called that, it brings... a neo-conservative restoration, possibly reactionary with the fundamental foundations, values ​​of the nineteenth century. to understand, a few words about what values ​​are in argentina today, these are obligatory primers, in which it is not the cic, it is all citizens who choose those who then get on the lists,

these are obligatory debates and compulsory voting, only those who either over seventy, or those who are a day voting turned out to be more than 500 km from the place of residence, the fine was, well, rather symbolic, or, more seriously, a delay in processing papers through the state bureaucracy, that is, a mile away, he was elected by an unconditional sovereign majority, it is important to highlight that everything went democratically and transparently, and none of the predictions about the fraud came true. thus, having themselves determined such a list of candidates and themselves leaving miley in the second round alone with sergio massa, minister of economy of the outgoing government, under which... exchange rates there were already a dozen, and inflation reached 142%, the argentines themselves led themselves to vote not so much for as against that guy, but what is this guy in what in a modern democracy can shoot values?

export-oriented economy, electoral price, aristocratic leadership, decision-making in favor of elite groups in society. in the forties , universal suffrage was tested in argentina during the elections of juan domingo peron and his wife, co-ruler evita, her grave is still in the same oriculeta cemetery pore mecca, where they go and go. now the question is, didn’t they flog, rule in the political cemetery, and all the pyroonism? an interesting answer to this question came from the mouth of an argentine, doctor of political science at the university of lisbon, andres melamud. miley is a new perón, the same people who were disadvantaged then, whom only he was able to reach, voted for him, so what does miley convert into, the majority of votes in the poor provinces of northern argentina that determined his victory, and most importantly, almost half of the votes even in capital province of buenos aires, who previously always voted for the piranists, and what to do with the still very

visible minority, which, for example, in the federal parliament still ensures that the piranists have the largest faction, who is he? the president was booed last week by an advanced audience when they saw him in a box at the polon theater. indicative, however , is the call that took place to miley from the argentinean pope francis, about whom miley during the campaign said all sorts of things to miley in every sense. dad called his compatriot to wish him wisdom. in argentina's neighbor uruguay

just on the fiftieth anniversary of the then first coup in south america, a very touching laughter through tears enrique’s one-man show was released about the generation that may have been mistaken in its dreams, but then ended up under the skating rink, such people needed democracy to survive, and it’s not for nothing that argentines talk about their country they say that in fact it’s all about... argentina, miley doesn’t like the reds, china, brazil, and the ponertians consider russia to be communists, so they promise to abandon the brix and only focus on it.

god forbid you live in interesting times. american chibog, you can talk about your own painful things. about aidonomics. what is your most radical goal as president? bring down inflation to american levels - he answers: elections in argentina, the slovak maryan kamensky is not reducing the intensity of the struggle, the drawing is called a wolf in sheep's clothing, let's see how this turns out after the elections. the topic of trump does not let polo collieri leave germany. looking at the tv, a man who looks like trump says: “god, is someone really trying to become president with that hairstyle.” hair salon for successful right-wingers populists. drawing. mauer from austria, from right to left, the trump model, then the new

miley model, and finally the latest new model, wilders. the trend is certainly interesting, miley calls himself a libertarian, and although this is a right-wing movement, it is specific. this is a rather marginal political ideology in the sense specifically for power, but in reality it needs to be understood. that behind this point of view, behind this political philosophy there are quite large figures, and research centers, institutions, and analytically different groups, well, first of all, of course, in this sense it exists in the united states of america, where , since approximately the middle of the 20th century, quite a lot has actually developed, firstly, think thanks, yes, and secondly, private foundations that support development, libertarian ones. the largest ideas in this sense are the coton institute, the mises institute and a number of other

similar organizations, which , firstly, are engaged in promoting libertarianism, financing libertarian publications, events, not only in america, but all over the world, well, by and large, in fact, all these people quite strongly influenced, for example , the formation of american conservatism in the second half of the 20th century, that is, in fact , even under ... from the power of the same reagan , to a certain extent it became possible thanks in part to the activities of libertarians, then there is libertarianism - this is not at all some kind of, let’s say, completely radical ideology that no one adheres to; libertarian ideas are shared in the same united states of america by very many people, even those people do not fully understand them, but nevertheless, the intuitions of libertarianism themselves are very close to, well, let’s say, the myth of america , such as the world of the free market, activity, private initiative, a minimum of state, and so on, that is, libertarianism in this sense

in the usa it became a very successful, let’s say, national mythology, if you will, so today, of course, the usa is, well, let’s say , the center of libertarianism, although in its rather radical right-wing version, because there are different libertarianisms, there is left-wing libertarianism slope, which is primarily lagging behind for example. freedom, but is quite calm about, for example, state control over natural resources, in general over the means of production, but we are talking, and javier speaks primarily from the point of view of what is called. that is, far-right libertarianism, which considers the state to be an evil in principle, that is, not even from an economic point of view, for example, not effective, but simply an ethically unacceptable design. paradoxically, the roots of libertarianism go back to russia. the founder of the ideology, at least the one who put it in the form of a bestseller, our

compatriot, is still indescribably rich in talent, the russian land. american writer and philosopher ayn rent, aka alice razenbaum, studied at petrograd university with a degree in social pedagogy. in 1925, she left on a student visa for the united states, from where she decided not to return. she developed a philosophical system called objectivism, a hymn to individualism and competition. her ideas had a significant influence on libertarians american conservatives, she is the author of two best-selling books, the source and atlas shrugged. the last work is the fourth in the writer’s career; she considered it the work of her whole life. a circle of admirers formed around rent, which was sometimes called a sect. the main idea of ​​the teaching is that the world rests on talented single creators, free individualists. if these people

stop creating, holding the sky on their shoulders like the mythical titans of atlanta, the world will collapse. exactly. and happens in the novel when the creators losing in the fight against the socialist government, rent's ideas did not receive a wide response in academic circles and were often criticized. grenville hicks, in the new york times book review, wrote that the book was written out of hatred, to which alan greenspin, then the future chairman of the federal reserve under four presidents, responded to him that rent's work is a celebration of life's happiness, while the russian translator and poet grigory dashevsky noted that, in essence, rant derived her philosophy from personal soviet experience, only turned everything inside out, the denial of religion and reliance on materialism are common to both teachings , but on the other hand, instead of the triumph of collectivism, individualism, even division into classes is present, among marxists, these are

proletarians and bourgeois, rand appointed to the role of the engine world progress of capitalists, she has written down the rest as parasites. atland shrugged's novel has been gaining popularity for decades. for example, according to surveys of the american club bok of minds in the ninety-first year, 17 people out of 2,000 indicated that this book had an impact on their lives. this is the second result after the bible, and only then come books such as harperley's to kill a mockingbird, or tolkein's the lord of the rings. according to. york times and economist magazine, sales of the novel soared after the economic crisis that began in 2008. libertarianism is slightly arrogant and smacks of socialdarism a little; relying on it in mass politics is unpromising.

although, as long as a person wants to pursue a political career in the classical sense, that is, extract some. and the profit from the opportunity to participate in government power, he naturally leans a little towards the center, but if people are radical, if they are consistent in the usa, then they usually go into the area of ​​independence, yes, that is, they break away from - a public career, in in this sense , of course, nevertheless, javier miley is probably the first example of an open libertarian, especially of a rather radial version, that is , an anarcho-capitalist who actually comes to power, especially since to say that this was not the case. obviously marginalized people who conquer minds and hearts are a sign of the ill health of society and the political system. the most obvious example is blatant, but it rang in europe. the freedom party of geert wilders, an anti-emt and anti-islam politician who has been branded a near-fascist for years, came out

on top in the dutch elections. there is a small chance that he will even lead the government. in the united states , robert kennedy jr., john f. kennedy's nephew, is gaining support unusual for independent candidates. on tuesday he reminded himself again in connection with the sixtieth anniversary of the assassination of the president's uncle. when people are sick of the establishment, they choose with their feelings. sometimes this leads to disaster, like what started in germany 90 years ago. more often than not it doesn’t come to this, but the hangover is emotional. pupation and bone structure of the nomenclature against the background of which, like a jack-in-the-box , another magician plot jumps out, repeating itself with enviable regularity. the anathema of libertarians is any control, especially that

which fetters the energy of the individual, and what more kills the creative impulse for knowledge and technology than intellectual property, everything belongs to someone, no matter what. seriously, the problem of intellectual property, as a means of perpetuating the lag of some and the leadership of others, has been discussed for a long time. and now a specific nuance has been added: at the beginning of the year, dmitry medvedev proposed legalizing the distribution of pirated copies of works, which the russian audience is deprived of due to measures of economic pressure on russia. but movies or books are the tip of the iceberg; there are also medicines and other vital goods. about let's talk to an expert about the problem of world monopolies and ways to combat them. and our good friend alexey ivanov. lyosh, hello, welcome. ah, well , there are two extreme views on intellectual property, one is that it is the cornerstone of civilized economic relations. and

secondly, what is this herm with which the rich and successful slow down the poor and unfortunate, shifts in perception? and there is such a joke, well, not very funny, perhaps among lawyers, that intellectual property is it’s like a guinea pig, and well, a guinea pig has a relationship with the sea. has, and in general, not a pig, but also intellectual property, it has nothing to do with intelligence , by and large, has nothing to do with property, also the same as that pig there, why, because intellectual property is the idea itself and this term, yes, which arose, it was borrowed from the institution of eternal property, the concept of property was taken from there, although it is very different in the nature of the organization of these relations, in the way it is structured, in its economic nature, and so on further and to the intellect, why it is not directly related, because in the outcome, well, in the original idea, yes, there was a certain principle that the creator created, and received some kind of

protection for this, and now protection is provided not only and not so much to the creators , that is, most of those people who own intellectual property rights, they are not creators, in principle, it is not itself, not the intellectual work itself, that is protected, a certain image is protected, which, well, may not be intellectual, auto the right regulates the use or copying of works of art, literature and science. it includes both the moral rights of the author to his work and the material ones that can be transferred to others. the english word “copyright” literally means the right to copy, for how long this is determined by the state. in england before 1710, this right was perpetual until the first law was passed. nowadays, it is valid either 50 or 70 years after the death of the author. copyright protects not only works, but also computer programs and database. they are equated to a literary work and a collection. this means that

the law protects the text code of the program, but not its functionality. simply put, you can rewrite the program without violating copyright, and it will still work. patent law does not protect it, at least in europe. a patent is a document that confirms. the right to priority in the invention of an industrial design, utility model or selection achievement in biology. for example, james watt had to machine, use a planetary gear, and not a cranking connecting rod mechanism; there was already a patent for it, which was issued by the state, and the author must be paid remuneration for its use. attempts to patent computer programs have been made in the united states, but this is extremely difficult. the question also remains open: is it possible to patent or copyright artificial intelligence, and who will own the authorship of works or programs

created by it or intelligent robots? so i’m translating it into a political primitive, is it possible? to say that this is the west, which is those who use it, everyone else who loses, well, which one? stage, it was probably true, when most of the countries of the world adopted these laws, these norms for themselves, this is actually quite recently, the year ninety-five, well, that is, this is globalization , a large-scale round of globalization with the wto, of the order, i don’t know, there, well, i could be wrong about the nuances, but 70 percent of the states in the world have received patent laws, well , i mean numerically, yes, that is, out of 100, how many have there are eighty of us there, i don’t know. 190 countries , i don’t know, un countries, yes, relatively speaking, got their patent laws after this round, and globalization, before that intellectual property was largely a

western institution. capitalist countries, yes, and most of the documents that regulated the circulation of intellectual rights, it concerned precisely the developed world, in the developed world this also happened, well , in stages, there were a lot of battles, discussions about what is subject to protection, what is not subject to protection , how we protect it, the second thing, how it was integrated into the global legal space, as i already said, this is , first of all, trips, this is an agreement that... was adopted during the so-called uruguayan round of trade negotiations, when the wto was created. and trips was sewn into the wto as a so-called universal agreement, which you can’t help but sign if you want to be inside the wto , that is, by and large there was a condition that you enter into world trade, yes, that is, the country wants to trade with others without tariffs of all these restrictions, barriers, please sign the agreement on the protection of intellectual property, which establishes

minimum requirements, minimum standards for all participants in the wto, yes, the wto, as we know, included almost everyone, yes, and this is very important tool, in principle, the way it was formulated inside trips, it was, in general, well, it was such a very subtle legal game, technique, yes, that is, there are a lot of favorable words there, on the one hand, on the other hand, quite tough tools, you are obliged to protect for such and such terms, establish such and such responsibility, everyone is generally disciplined , well, in the conditions in which we find ourselves, especially in which the russian federation is located, maybe then we will no longer hesitate to raise the question of that we no longer play by these redistribution rules, well, in an amazing way , for some reason we cut off our contacts wherever we could and where it might not have been worth it, in the field of intellectual property,

it seems to me that we continue, with tenacity that probably deserves better use, to comply with these requirements, some amendments were made there, for example, when you cannot pay someone for a hill, you can redistribute the money there, pay royalty for on some special bill, yeah, well, such technical things have been done, but fundamentally we live in a paradigm of rather tough, somewhere extreme, protection of security. intellectual property, moreover, when russia joined the wto, we have long entered, painfully, so we integrated all the demands, the most stringent demands of trips, into our own legislation , without any concessions at all, without any transition periods, without any exceptions, as they say, that is, in the most hardcore, extreme there , the fundamentalist format in its legislation is essentially in advance, as demonstrating that we are there

and striving for the saints of the pope. but with all our might, this was one of the conditions for our entry into the wto, but we did it, well, right here in the best, so to speak, unofficial traditions quite, quite decisively, and even after we were de facto excluded from the wto, de facto, yes, because, well, the trade sanctions imposed on us in such quantity, in such quality, in such depth, this is well de- de facto exclusion from world trade, yes, although formally we are still members there and are even suing over pork or something else, but with regard to intellectual property we remain in the same, well, simple fairway. very little was done when the law was adopted in 2002, there were directly deputies, and representatives of the government, speaking there from rospatent and other organizations, said this is important in order to join the wto, they said this directly, that is , to the deputies and deputies, when they voted, they said yes, we are joining the wto, so this is

it’s important that we abandoned this principle, the fact that the principle itself , which is called the principle of exhaustion of exclusive rights or the principle of first sale, we said in our law that intellectual property is more important in cases where goods cross the border russian federation, thereby giving global monopolies, these global players, such as publishing houses, but about books it was less important, another product was important, a consumer product, a trademark became the king of the situation, and the trading economy and now those who owned brands in the russian federation in 2002, then in 2006 this was implemented in yet another legislative period in 2008 it became part of the civil code, was steadily implemented there in several acts, and the concept, according to which global rights holders have the right to control the circulation of goods on the territory of the russian federation, that is, they were given, i don’t know, a mandate, if you like, it was part of russian sovereignty, that is,

the russian federation. refused to be on her own