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lasted exactly a week, fighting resumed on friday morning, and what next? the israeli side promises that the war will continue until all goals are achieved. well, let’s say the israeli opposition, we asked knesat deputy from the opposition party “eeshata”, vladimir belyak. vladimir, do you have any idea about the further operation, how long it can last? we initially set ourselves two main goals. you can argue which one is more, more important, there is some dispute about this, let’s say, disagreements in israeli society , and the first goal, at least from my point of view, the most important goal is the return of our people, our hostages, everyone, and this is a very important value in israeli society , the return of all our prisoners as ours hostages, and we must do everything possible to return them, the second goal is to ensure... the safety

of our citizens by destroying the military and political infrastructure of hamas, and i really hope that we will succeed within the framework of that agreement that was in effect, is in effect, has been in effect for the last week , to return as many of our people as possible , including everyone, including women, children, men, old people, soldiers, everyone, every last one, and ah further, i think there is in in principle, the consensus in israeli society is that we must continue the military operation, and because we, we have no intention of returning to the situation of october 6, when there is a military-terrorist organization on our borders that threatens the security of our citizens, in the light the massacre that happened and the war crimes that hamas committed

on october 7, we must do everything possible to ensure the safety of our citizens, because this is the main condition for the return of our citizens to those, to those settlements on the southern border, who were evacuated today. the first phase of the ground operation was focused on the northern part of the gaza sector, where there were before the truce, before i can’t call it a truce, yes, a temporary, temporary ceasefire, but there were, were achieved certain military successes in terms of control in terms of destroying the infrastructure of hamas, but there is also part of the north and i think that a more difficult task for this in the south of the gaza strip, given that hundreds of thousands of civilians have today moved from the northern part to the southern part, to southern gas sectors, given that a significant part of the military force is still concentrated in the south, naturally, i think that the army today is preparing for

the next stage the next next stage will be the southern part of the gas sector. already on the third the day of the conflict, october 9, the israeli defense forces regained control over all the countries bordering the gazorans. soon , attacks began on military infrastructure and islamist command posts in northern gaza. all of them are usually located in basements. these are often residential buildings, schools, hospitals and mosques. these strikes resulted in numerous civilian casualties. according to the financial times, during the entire military operation in the north of the sector , more than half of the houses were destroyed. a week later, the israeli military command called on all civilians the gas population evacuate from the north of the enclave to the south. the israelis gave us a day and allocated a security corridor. the road

with tens of thousands of residents of gaza complied with this requirement and left their homes, a large-scale ground operation in gaza began 2 weeks later. on october 27, the very next day the israel defense forces reported the destruction of 150 targets and the elimination of several high-ranking hamas militants. on october 31, an air raid on the jabaliya camp killed senior hamas commander ibrahim biari and more than forty others. human. jabali is one of the most densely populated camps in the gaza strip, where descendants of refugees from the arab-israeli war live. forty-eighth year. on november 2 , the israeli army announced that it had completely surrounded gaza city. after another 10 days, tsahal announced the destruction of more than 150 tunnels. according to one of the hamas leaders, their total length under the gas strip exceeds 500 km. on november 15,

the israel defense forces announced the discovery of a hamas command post on the territory of the al-shefa hospital in gaza. by after the siege the hospital was stormed, some weapons and underground passages were discovered on its territory. the army published a video from the tunnels under the hospital, rumors appeared that the bunker under the ashshef hospital was built by the israelis in the eighties during the occupation of gas, but it is almost impossible to verify all this information, it is difficult to link all these photos and video materials from the tunnels to the area, so where they are made completely incomprehensibly. for almost a month of operation, israel occupied the north of the gaza strip. the military had quite a problem serious difficulties in conducting a ground operation, including due to the severe destruction of the city itself after the bombing. hamas, for its part, claims to have inflicted

serious losses on the israeli army. the militants use wormwood and various traps. they are installing in destroyed houses. the video published by the movement shows examples of destruction of israeli equipment, including with the help of drones. hamas representatives claim that israel has lost hundreds of armored vehicles, but this is impossible to confirm. the total number of arabs killed in gaza, according to the aljazeera tv channel, exceeded 1,500. israel does not confirm this figure, but does not refute it either: the number of israelis killed as a result of the terrorist attack on october 7, according to israeli estimates, exceeds 1,200 people. the international context for israel

right now, to put it mildly, is not the most favorable. will this not interfere with the continuation of hostilities? this is a difficult situation, i don’t want to abstract myself from the international. that international support is important for us, first of all, the united states, great britain, france, but i think that even today there is still an understanding, in the american administration, mainly, that after the events of october 7, those terrible events for our country, for our people , for for our people, which occurred, 1,400 killed, including the truly terrible war crimes that were committed there, and also in recent days, we hear, we hear, the testimonies of our hostages, children who are returning from captivity by hamas, everything, what they survived there, we simply cannot stop, we do not have this right, for us this is a question of the existence of our state and the security of our borders of our

citizens, and this is an important component, therefore, naturally, we cannot withdraw ourselves from the international... from the international community from pressure, but i think that we will do everything possible to ensure that our goals are achieved. do you expect that the map of israel's international relations will change, depending on the position that countries now occupy? she can change first of all, in the short term, in the short term, i think that in this fight against hamas, we represent not only ourselves, we represent all the countries of the free world, we really hope for the understanding of our allies, of course, and the russian federation and those arab countries, countries in the arab world with which we have peace agreements today and which were concluded in

the last 40 years as part of the abraham accords, in the end, i think that in this area we will be able to come to some... to some degree understanding understanding on the part of our partners that israel simply would not have and does not have any other choice today. the future political structure of the region exists. is there a debate about this in israel? yes, naturally, there is a discussion, and there are times , there are different approaches, and we believe, and the leader of my party, who speaks in our party, we believe that, firstly, it is clear that we cannot afford some kind of military presence, but palestinian authority in the gaza strip, we are talking about the complete demilitarization of the gaza strip and the possibility, the possibility of israeli military control over the sector, at least. years, this is a key issue and we will not give up on this, as for civil governance, yes,

there are some disagreements today between different, let’s say, forces in israeli society, i believe that one way or another, because we do not have any , intentions to remain in the gaza strip to exercise civilian control over the population of the gaza strip, therefore there are, in the palestinian authority, functioning civil services that must take over this - this control over over the current life in the gas sector, while naturally all those negative phenomena that exist today in the politta autonomy, uh, in the field of education, incitement, against the existence of the state of israel, yes, we really hope that this will be stopped, again we have no intention of remaining in the gaza strip, occupying the gaza strip and exercising some kind of civilian governance; this should be

taken over by a palestinian authority, subject to demilitarization. can we expect political changes in israel itself? i i think that on october 7, israeli society changed. we all know what, what sharp, sharp contradictions we have had in the last year, since the formation of this government, in terms of judicial reform or. as we called it an attempt - an attempt at a constitutional coup, but one way or another, on october 7 everything changed very much, it is clear that there will be very - serious political changes, this is clear to everyone, whether it will be within the framework of - the current knesset by creating another government or in the coming months after the end of the war there will be new elections , we’ll see about that, but i believe that it is possible to create a functioning government within the framework of this knest, because after the war... immediately go out to the election campaign, i think that this is not always important, but there is no doubt , that there are forces that act outside, beyond

the next elections, one way or another, there will be changes, there will be very serious changes, because israeli society today is not the same society that was 55 days ago, thank you, the deputy was with us israeli knesset vladimir belyak, during kissinger’s work in the nixon administration , the arab-israeli war of 1973 occurred , which was difficult for israel. hamas timed its attack 2 months ago to coincide with its half-century anniversary, the well-known story says that prime minister golden asked kissinger to give israel priority attention, firstly, i am an american, secondly the secretary of state, only thirdly a jew, - the interlocutor answered, yes, but in hebrew we read from right to left, golda meer was found, it was sparkling generation. 200 years ago, on december 2, 1823

, the fifth president of the united states, james monroe , unintentionally entered the history of world politics. in his annual message to congress, he declared that the american continents, in view of the free and independent condition which they had achieved and maintained, should not be the object of colonization by any european power. neither the president himself, nor the author of the speech, the secretary of state, john quincey adams, expected that a decade later it would be called the monroe doctrine, it would become a textbook example attempts to establish a sphere of influence. even before becoming the fifth president of the united states, james monroe distinguished himself as an outstanding statesman and diplomat. he participated in the revolutionary war. studied law under thomas jefferson and served as governor of virginia. in 1802

, jefferson, already as president of the united states, sent monroe to paris to negotiate the acquisition of new orleans from france and west florida from spain. as a result, american diplomats signed an agreement on april 30, 1803 to acquire all louisiana, which almost doubled the territory of the united states at that time. on the site of that louisana there are now 15 us states. during the anglo-american war of 1812-1814, when the british captured washington and burned the capitol, mondreau ensured the evacuation of the state department archives, preserving the original declaration of independence and many other documents. during monroe's presidency , eastern florida was annexed to the united states, and the missouri compromise was concluded between the southern, fishing and northern free states. the independence of the new

states in central and south america. on december 2, 1823, in his annual message to congress, james monroe issued a declaration of principles for the foreign policy of the united states. the main principle was the division of the world into european and american systems. the idea of ​​us non-interference in the internal affairs of european countries and , accordingly, non-interference of the latter in the internal affairs of the countries of the american continent was proclaimed. the idea itself was proposed by john quincy adams, secretary of state in the administration of president monroe, and the reason for not... was plans for a holy alliance of russia, prussia and austria, to restore spanish dominance over the latin american colonies that declared independence. the monroe doctrine was the answer: the united states should not participate in the internal affairs of european countries, and european tyrants, as the absolutist monarchies of europe were called in the united states, should not

interfere in the internal affairs of america. for almost two centuries, the mon doctrine was used to justify, on the one hand, us isolationism, and, on the other hand, a reason for intervention in the affairs of latin american countries. states, they recalled during the american interventions in cuba, haiti, nicaragua, panama and colombia, only in 2013 did secretary of state kelly officially renounce it, saying that the united states does not consider itself the patrons of latin american countries, but considers them as equals partner the evolution of the doctrine is remarkable; it began as a defensive one, aimed at protecting the region from european predators, but by the end of the 19th century it turned into an offensive one, becoming a step towards world dominance through regional expansion.

now, however, some believe that it would be better if it did not exist, this same expansion from mexico. from a bird's eye view it looks like one big anthill city in a mountain valley, endless residential buildings on the slopes of a clogged highway, but upon closer inspection you can see the rio grande river cutting the metropolis in the middle, and a ten-meter fence on the side of the american el paz, on the other bank mexican city of juarez, the border between the united states and mexico stretches for about 3,000 km, the first sections of the wall began to appear in since the 1970s under nixon, every american president has contributed to the construction of the fence, and only under donald trump has the wall become the subject of national controversy. the passa delno crossing is one of the busiest on the mexican border, with 10 million people crossing here each year. most are locals with dual citizenship, they often live in mexico

but work in the united states and have families on both sides of the border. therefore, the wall destroyed many years of economic and family ties. in the valley rio grande. we have sections of the border where there was no wall before. first there were barriers for cars, then chains, and now a high fence. this is typically an area where families often get together and go to church on the weekends. and the wall certainly separated them. carlin ander runs a foundation that helps refugees settle in the united states after crossing the border. border patrol and immigration services process up to a thousand people a day seeking political asylum. most from... america, guatemala, el salvador and nicaragua, however, since the pandemic, the number of refugees from venezuela and colombia has begun to increase. i ask them how it went, and i hear horror stories about people dying in the jungle, how they find abandoned minivans with bodies of the dead. it's terrible, absolutely terrible,

what they're going through. pastor of the lutheran church of velpas, juan lopez coordinates the process of accepting refugees in american churches. they receive shelter for the first time, food and warm clothes. first of all, we tell them that they are safe, this is not a migration center and no one will torture them with endless interrogations anymore. our task is to give them a start to a better life. they can stay with us as long as necessary until they are ready to integrate into american society. president biden repeatedly stated during the election campaign that not a kilometer of wall would be built under him. his decision. to build a new thirty-kilometer section in southern texas shocked opponents of the project. we are only releasing funds that were allocated by congress under trump. i don't have the authority to cancel this. whether the great american wall will become a symbol of the era of separation of the worlds, time will tell ; the project still has many unsolved problems - whether to build a wall in mountainous regions, what to do

with animals migrating in both directions in summer and winter; finally, texas, in its desire to isolate itself, remained alone. three other border states, new mexico, arizona and california, have repeatedly said they want to build bridges instead of a wall. dmitry vershiin, for international viewing elpas texas usa. at a round table in high school economy, we asked representatives of the two countries that james monroe promised to protect from the europeans, is his cause still alive? it is partly true that the monroe doctrine was the first step towards us global dominance. at that time, their task was to connect one coast to another, they sought to make the caribbean sea their... territories,

having dealt with the indigenous population. this marked the beginning of industrialization, and after that there was a large-scale projection of power outside, so that the current position of the united states in the world does not follow directly from the monroe doctrine, but is connected with it. the head of the us southern command, countries are under enormous pressure when they seek to pursue independent policies, for example, within the framework of brix, collaborating with the chinese belt and road project, or with russia. the munroe doctrine is alive, the then secretary of state said in 2018, naming it. when the united states proclaimed the doctrine, they sought to create their own sphere of influence in the western hemisphere, but at that moment they did not have the strength

to put this into practice, they rather imitated british policy, at most that they had enough was the caribbean, and when the forces appeared to implement the monroe doctrine, the united states turned into a global power, so that now they apply its principles in the general world. scale, so you need to be in eurasia. as far as the us presence in the caribbean and central america is concerned, the monroe doctrine is in effect, but there are rising regional powers, such as brazil, whose role is growing. venezuela is another example, and these countries do not accept interference in their internal affairs, but now interference not at all the same as 200 years ago. previously , the americans simply sent warships. now we are talking about hybrid wars, everyone in latin america agrees that it is inadmissible to violate anyone’s sovereignty. this may sound idealistic, but

this is where brazil comes from. as for respect for sovereignty, that’s all, but right now something amazing is happening in latin america. venezuela holds a consultative referendum on sunday. the essence of it, if from ikivoki, is to obtain the approval of citizens for. accession to the country of a large part of neighboring guyana, the oil-rich territory of guyana esequibo. the anglo-venezuelan conflict of 1886.99 arose from a dispute over venezuela's border with british guiana. according to the treaty of angloland of 1814, the three dutch colonies in guiana were transferred to england, which united them into one british guiana. at the end of the 19th century, venezuela laid claim to most of this territory, as far as the essequiba river,

after deposits of gold and diamonds were discovered there. the disputed land extended over 50,000 square stranded. in february 1897, an agreement was concluded between england and venezuela, according to which a third party was established in gaga. court to resolve the issue of the borders between british guiana and venezuela, english and american judges worked under the chairmanship of the outstanding russian scientist, lawyer and diplomat, feodor martens. the tribunal sat for more than 3 months and was able to make a decision that satisfied both parties. according to his decision, england received 90% of the disputed territory in the area of ​​​​guyana, esquib, in venezuela - 10%, but it received strategically important area at the mouth of the orinoca river. fyodor martens was called the man who managed to reconcile the polisher. already at the age of 24 he taught at st. petersburg

university. and wrote articles on international law, he soon became one of the most sought-after arbitrators in international disputes. back in 1892, martens acted as an arbiter in a dispute between england and the united states over the right to fish in the bering sea. martens was trusted to draw up the programs of the hague international peace conferences, held from 1899 to 1907, at which the first international convention, parties must be guided by the principles of humanity and common sense, even if there are no corresponding written obligations. this martens clause exists in the modern understanding of the customs of war. the practice is new. the sport is old, complicated, but actually an internationally recognized part of the neighboring state. we'll talk more next

time, just one note for now. when the grip of the world order, whatever it may be, weakens, the globe turns into a huge frontier, who will snatch what while there is opportunity, risky but tempting. what worries me most now is the lack of world order. the modern reality is that different societies with different histories form a single system for the first time, but they do not have a coordinated one. henry kissinger will no longer know whether the balanced world order he loved will ever come? i wonder if we will have another chance? it was an international review, goodbye, the national meeting of residents of the evening made decisions on all significant

issues and played a key role in the formation russian statehood. by the 19th century , a new institution of class representation, the council of the whole earth, appeared. they ensured legitimacy and continuity of power and established a new electoral tradition. catherine ii included elements of election to decide a number of states that were legitimized as a new source of power. the state duma became the country's first all-class legislative body. she was elected for 5 years, the elections were multi-stage, held in four districts, elections to the constituent assemblies began universal, equal, direct and held by secret ballot, the adopted law turned out to be revolutionary for russia.