and the spread of dangerous viruses in the world, then they will simply sell vaccines and medicines for these diseases, which they themselves brought here.

we will take on this case, it will be an honest detective story. talk about safety in the world's oceans. we invited a person who has been providing for her almost all her life. admiral avakens was the commander of the pacific fleet, and now heads the new institute of world military economics and strategy at the higher school of economics. sergeevich, hello, good afternoon. uh, in naval activities fleets, what role does the task of ensuring the safety of commercial merchant shipping play? is this even taken into account when planning? well, this is called a common big task. shipping protection. protection

of shipping is a set of measures for active operations of the navy. the ministry and departments that own merchant ships to ensure the safety of navigation of merchant ships. this regime of protection of gardening is being introduced during a threatened period. participating in it are units of various forces of the navy. russia, including the aerospace forces. actively this regime is already beginning to come into reality with the beginning of hostilities, and here it is being transformed; it is already called the task of protecting the defense of communications of areas and economic activities, but by decision of the leadership of our country, the protection of shipping can be carried out , including in peacetime, in certain areas of the world's oceans, well, as it was, for example, during the ninth year there, 2009, when we gained more.

in loading unloading, from attacks from the sea with air, therefore one of the most important tasks , well, depending on the theater, it may be another secondary task, or it may acquire paramount importance, during the first world war, it was the fight on communications, yeah, the protection of shipping, especially in the atlantic, that played a primary role , the soviet navy during the great patriotic war solved two main tasks: the protection of communications, the protection of shipping , and the landing of troops. therefore, this task is one of

the main ones, including in our planning; this task is certainly taken into account, but if do not take periods of military hostilities , let’s say calm ones, from whom do the threats come, this is not a state actor, state actors, who is it? well, depending on the folding installation, the actor who acts as a threat to navigation in this or that area of ​​the world ocean can also act as a state. structure or non-state structure, which, well , we now have quite a few non- state structures that are not controlled by certain states, in principle, these are non-state actors, they solve problems unofficially of certain government structures, so it simply depends on the specific situation in this or that world, in this or that region of the world’s oceans, and in addition to the general international situation. there was a period

that was very fashionable; there was a brand called somali pirates, they were also a cover for someone, or were they still filibusters. in august 2022 , the international chamber of shipping declared that piracy off the coast of samali in eastern africa no longer poses a threat to international navigation, and the indian ocean is no longer considered a high-risk area since january this year. since the nineties, somali pirates have operated primarily in the gulf of adon. this sea corridor, 300 km wide, connects the arabian and red seas, and thereby the indian and... atlantic oceans, as a rule, small-sized fast ships, boats and motor boats were used for attacks, and men 20-40 years old became pirates, after the overthrow dictator mohammed barre in 1991, somalia erupted

civil war, and the country fell apart, the sector of the water area was not controlled in any way, and civilian sailors, who were prohibited from having weapons, could not repel the pirates, the number of attacks on ships... grew spasmodically, if in 2004 two ships were boarded, then in the period from 2008 to 2012 is already 170. according to the un, in 2009-2011 , more than 500 attacks were carried out on civilian ships annually; the record year was 2010, when more than 30 ships fell into the hands of the somalis. among them was the tanker moscow university with a russian crew, it was freed russian frigate marshal shapushnikov, one of the pirates was killed, the rest were released by boat. according to a reuters investigation in 2010, pirates earned $240 million

and caused $7 billion in damage. it was a very profitable business. there were rumors that behind the young guys on the motor boats there were skilled businessmen from the descendants of the colonialists, children and grandchildren. those who mastered samali stayed to live there and organized their own business. indirectly, the rumors were confirmed by the fact that the pirates almost always knew which ship out of a dozen of the same it's more profitable to capture. the coastal towns where the pirates sold their booty grew rich, and the fishing villages grew rapidly. the majority of the country's residents believed that piracy was beneficial and significantly replenished the treasury. to protect the company, cargo carriers hired security companies.

the dawn of piracy in the middle ages, and in the middle ages pirates operated in the baltic, north sea, mediterranean, eurasian in south china, then the dawn of piracy occurred in the 15th, 15th centuries in the caribbean sea, because this was the struggle of the colonial powers for

the new world, and the 17-18th century is the indian ocean, this is madagascar, this is the malabar coast of malabar, this is the southwest of hindustan. again, the persian gulf, why am i talking about this, because in all cases, the impetus for piracy was given, among other things, to the state, state structures, and here is a very interesting phenomenon, this is privateering, yeah , privateers are private owners who arm their ships, receive a letter of marque from one state or another, operate under a naval flag and on this basis receive the legal right to plunder , seize trade... here their opponents, a third was given to the state's spoils, and 2/3 went to privateers, but the fact is that wars sometimes stopped privateers, during operational pauses they simply engaged in robbery, no longer as privateers, but as ordinary pirates, including the first attempt to create

a russian navy, is not associated with peter the great, but with the undeservedly slandered ivan the terrible, who in 1570 created the baltic sea. privateer fleet of ivan the terrible, which operated for a year, six ships, headed by dachanin carson rody, acted very successfully, so it acted on communication. against merchant ships of poland, sweden, lithuania during the ligonian war. privateers also operated already in the 18th century, at the beginning of the 19th century, but were banned in 1856, but there were also individual privateer raids until the end of the 19th century. therefore, the state, in principle, was a state policy, including such a long life. piracy is due to the fact that this piracy was encouraged by government agencies in various countries,

that is, we can modestly assume that now, not without this, too, now not without this, well, there was an outbreak of piracy in southeast asia, these are the sixties, seventies, this is the south china sea, the malach strait, this is madame vaughn with her fleet , then it subsided a little, in the nineties a new dawn associated with the fact that the cold war ended and the naval presence of opponents so global, it weakened a little in various oceans, areas of mirokovan, in the period from 2003 to 2012, somali pirates captured about 170 ships, earning somewhere around 260 million dollars from this, causing damage of 7 billion. there were five resolutions...

of the security council of the permanent members of the security council, only nato countries carried out three operations, carried out attacks on bases, pirates, missile attacks, among others, very actively... the russian navy participated, especially escorting, guarding civilian ships, merchant ships, well, from the twelfth year , companies began to hire private security companies that guarded each ship, so from the twelfth year to the seventeenth, there was not a single case of piracy being captured, in addition, puntland is such a quasi-state on the territory of somalia, where the main piracy bases were located, with it and this state.

now the actions of the houthis have given a new impetus to the aggravation, this is not pure piracy,

these are generally stated political goals, at least in our country legal piracy from the point of view of legal norms and responsibility for a pirate is classified in two documents: this is the geneva convention of the year fifty-eight on the open sea and eighty-second maritime convention. right, we have article 227 of the criminal code, but this includes pirates, i just want to add a little, including warships and ships during air combat operations that strike civilian ships of neutral countries, well in this case the houthis attacked neutral ships operating under such flags of convenience, this is the liberian bagan.

after that, a decision was made to strike, so the situation there now in the red sea has sharply worsened, thank you very much, thank you, and admiral serge chavakents was our guest.

presidential elections were held in the democratic republic of congo, one of the largest countries in africa. this state, once a belgian colony, is an example of the tragic african paradox, one of the poorest in the world, although it has fantastic mineral resources, but

instead of prosperity, there are endless internal strife, fueled and used by external ones. by the forces of the drc is an extreme example, but not the only one. africa's role in world affairs is growing, as is interest in it, but management and development problems are no less acute than before. a very interesting event has just taken place at the higher school of economics. the first winter school is to improve the skills of civil servants in african countries in the digital sphere. civil servants are not just clerks, the level of ministers and advisers to heads of state of the two.

now africa is all entangled in underwater cables that ensure the functioning of the internet, but this is the infrastructure for europe and america. africa has yet to create its own interconnection system. that launched its first space satellite? the main question is how to provide cheap digital services for everyone, because this is the pillar of a modern education system, which today is based on innovation and research. in africa , digitalization is the way to overcome inequality. we can achieve two goals. the first is to create jobs for youth, the second is to increase the share that

technology and continental gdp contribute. it is very important that african...

in the ranking of mathematical schools in the world , the russian school is among the leaders, and for digital success you need brilliant mathematical knowledge. much of what is now worldwide comes from russia. i'm not even talking about the satellite system, one of the best in the world. we must be sure that we are partnering with the best. digital development has the potential to create a high degree of dependency for the entire continent. we need partnership with countries like russia. however, everyone agrees that africa has a huge job ahead of it. internet access in africa is limited. on the african continent, 500 million

people do not have any documents, this more than 40% of the population, mostly young people and women. it is clear that without identification they cannot receive the necessary services. cybersecurity is a big topic; according to various studies, problems in this area cost 10% of the gdp of the entire continent. just imagine how many hospital schools could be built with that money. the problem with the internet is what we call digital inclusion. everyone should be included, and this is even more important for people in rural and remote areas. thanks to digitalization, they can significantly expand your capabilities, which cannot be achieved in other ways. and we need to start literally from kindergartens, so that the youngest already have all the necessary skills. this is the key to the future. the advent of technology is an additional responsibility for strengthening sovereignty. if there is no discipline in your own digital

space, outsiders will be there. without control of the digital space by national authorities, it is impossible to ensure adequate communication. for example, are social networks compatible with freedom of speech? with the role that society should play in african development. in russia, for example, citizens use. freedoms have the right to express an assessment of their government, but no one outside russia has the right to assess internal russian affairs. the same applies to zimbabwe, we all have freedom of speech, but representatives of other countries do not have the right to dictate to us how to develop. i can testify that african colleagues have a huge interest in cooperation with russia, so we will share. christmas. as we learned from american commentators, the houthis are threatening. the persians are friends of the houthis. in addition, they do not have christmas, but a holiday dedicated to the

longest night of the year. fortunately, it has already passed, so it will only get brighter. from tehran, yousef jalali. for 3 years now, iranians have not gone to bed at the earliest.

buy everything you need for the holiday. watermelons and pomegranates are in high demand as they are an integral part of the celebration. the attributes of the holiday have come to us from time immemorial. then, too, there were pomegranates, watermelons, nuts, only sweets took on their modern form. yalda and christmas is almost both holidays are celebrated in iran on the same dates, but yalda appeared before christmas and is considered the forerunner of the christian holiday. there is no evidence for this statement, but...

and longer than other nights, but it is a reminder that every minute is important for people when they are happy to meet their loved ones. this is a beautiful message that even the

coldest and longest night can become. it was an international review, goodbye.

ensuring collective biological safety in russia and the cis countries has become the main topic at the operational meeting of the security council, which was chaired by vladimir putin. the meeting was held via videoconference with the participation of the head of rospotrebnadzor. today we will talk about ensuring collective security in the cis, collective biological security. considering the problems

faced during covid. the situation is not like that.