was first formed from a cadre of airships under the command of colonel kavanka. before ilya muromets, designers did not risk creating production aircraft with four engines, because if the last one failed, the plane went into a tailspin, the bombs were thrown, their total weight reached 500 kg, they dropped the fence by hand, then they came up with the idea of ​​dropping them. the clumsy bomber was not suitable for attacking enemy troops, so it was used for... aviation institutes appeared in the ussr, they trained a large number of specialists in...

did not pay attention to aviation for pilots, it was not for nothing that they were called stalin’s falcons, the leader of all nations has the speed of moving away from a fighter, they tried to capture and study this plane, in the middle of the war the nazis succeeded. ilyushin's first aircraft was the tskb-26, a long-range bomber capable of covering long distances. tskb-26 was essentially experimental. each designer had his own favorite test ace, polikarpov’s was chkalov. koshcherigin had

piantkovsky, and ilyushin invited it for socialist employees, tupolev staged its job to be a leader in bomber design. ilyushin design bureau developed the db-3 as its own initiative, and in 1936 the db3 participated in the parade for the first time. kakinaki made several nesterov loops over red square, it made an indelible impression. rear enterprises, these are kazan, irkutsk and komsomolsk on the amur, far from the front line, in general, the germans did not think that the soviet union had such aircraft, but these aircraft, the pilots were trained there, were then transferred to leningrad in august fourty in the first year, they bombed targets in berlin. kakinaki was tested by

the legendary il-2 attack aircraft. it was the most produced combat aircraft in the history of aviation. 36 thousand of these machines were produced. this is the famous il-2. the germans called them flying tanks, the black death. the legendary ace vasily titorenko flew on the il-2. here is a music staff drawn on the fuselage of his plane. he considered it armor on one side, that is, vulnerable. the pilots placed an imitation machine gun there, simply sticking out a stick to scare away the nazis. ilyushin at the beginning designed a two-seater aircraft, but the air force leadership demanded that a gas tank be installed in place of the gunner-radio operator, all so that the il-2 could fly longer distances. however, during the fighting it became clear that a shooter was still needed; towards the end of the war, our aviation was more powerful than the nazis. the attack is carried out by different forces,

the fighters seize advantage in the air, the il-2 passes through german airfields to ensure the attack, and then the t-2s drop the heavy ones. kilogram bombs, the p-2 pawn had a speed of 540 km/h, you can compare with the speed of fighters, this is a front-line dive bomber, in this case meters - data on the altitude is given fairly approximately, there is an error in determining the speed, so there is a fairly large scatter of bombs at the landing site, here is the corresponding dive, when he walks, he unhooks the bomb, it falls approximately in the same direction as the bomb sight on this plane, that is, accuracy. the hit increases several times. let's not forget this u2 airplane, otherwise known as corn-2, created in 1927. they flew it during the war. but this is the first production aircraft designed by pavel sukhoi, the su-2. they called it the ivanov project. this was

the leader's underground nickname. it was a reconnaissance aircraft, an attack aircraft, a short-range bomber, and a special mission aircraft. there is a rigid border between attack aircraft and bombers in our country, unlike others. there were no aviation powers, this line now continues to develop, after the war the main aviation powers were strategic, strategic patrols, observation of the enemy, reconnaissance, monitoring the general situation in world, that is, they can loiter , stay for a long time in neutral waters, during the cold war these aircraft served as a weapon of deterrence, in fact, it is interesting that it was completely invulnerable to the american air defense system, it bypassed it at high altitude, but if it fell into its field, then quickly left it,

its speed in flight is very high, these are two speeds of sound. experts believe that the golden age of aircraft manufacturing in the ussr - in the eighties , the ministry of aviation industry created tronika, on-board electronic the equipment performs complex aircraft control functions, provides the pilot with information about the flight, and allows you to control flight parameters and weapons. the institute that connects the aircraft's weapons with this on-board equipment is the state research institute of aviation systems in moscow. over the 80 years of its existence, it has come a long way. very important. the improved system helped to see, for example, obstacles on the runway, some foreign objects, in order to narrow down the likelihood of some dangerous situations, collisions. designers have many tasks and proposals ahead; perhaps there will even be airplanes with a closed cockpit without glazing;

video surveillance systems based on video sensors are being developed. the aircraft's intelligent control system provides reliable protection, and if one computer fails, the system is redistributed. at vtb the interest rate on a savings account is 16%. and save up for the wedding faster. class. and everything will work out at vtb. we have known each other for a long time, we are always next to you. gp is our choice of batteries. gp batteries, i saw buy. legendary alfabank credit card. alpha is profitable. the 2 billion draw from the russian lotto is already close, korea for tickets, magical conditions, the real rate is up to 16.5% per annum on a savings account in gazprombank, your money works, and you receive additional income, apply online at gazprorombank.ru so that you we warmly

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cancel your connecting flight, right now live a better future, already in the present. all the best is simple, like alpha business, online banking and business applications, all in one button, counting payments, accounting. and lawyers. alfabank is the best bank for business. something cannot always be glued or welded to something else. for example, glass and metal. but impossible tasks for... scientists are like a red rag for a bull. recently in russian chemical-technological connected elements

led to the diffusion of materials, despite their obvious heterogeneity. the method of such reliable connection of glass with metals is of interest not only in everyday life, but also for the development of aerospace aircraft . we will tell you in the new issue of the science program what other scientific know-how is already being used in this industry. when breaking glass is not hooliganism, but a profession. unique technology and its strength testing, such patients after implantation of an artificial heart can live for years, for a long time, on this device is designed for children, an airplane weighing a hundred tons and a bird weighing one kilogram, it would seem how one can compare such different celestial regulars, however, it is the birds that are the subject of constant headaches when operating aircraft ; the windshield suffers the most from collisions with them, so presented to him. special requirements for aviation, what kind of risks are there? basically it's a flying bird,

because they get on the plane during takeoff and landing , basically, i even heard that you have the term bird resistance exists, absolutely right, alexey, how are the tests carried out and what are the loads? and they can fluctuate, for example, from 300 to 600 km/h, this is in speed, in weight from a kilogram to 800 kilograms, that is, you actually experience 300 km. we can accelerate from 300 to 600 more, with the help of this gun. the bird resistance test is a difficult test even for heavy-duty aircraft glazing. cracks and chips may appear, and this is acceptable. the main task is to avoid through damage, in the cockpit remained sealed. the same requirements, by the way, apply to railway glass. just use statistics too, that is , not only for aviation. yes. that's right, side windows are tested at a speed of 100 km/h, and a flying bottle, and a visible one, and

windshields are tested at twice the design speed of the locomotive. can i see how it goes? yes, of course, here we have a sample of the side glazing of an interrail locomotive, now they will fly apart thousands of fragments. alexey, well, what is the result of the test, the result is positive , the glass has achieved full rear strength, that is, the rear glass, yes, did not even crack, absolutely smooth, absolutely smooth, in principle it retains strength, it retains just for example, this product is not one of many, it is unique in its technology, the fact is that it is not easily used in aviation.

competitors use injection molding technology, take polycarbonate granules, melt them in special furnaces and under with great pressure, a mold is injected that completely follows the shape of the product. this type of production is very long, energy-consuming and expensive. the main feature of our manufacturing method is that we manufacture glass products from monolithic polycarbonate; we are still ahead. the know-how of specialists lies not only in the fact that they are the only ones who have learned to work with a single sheet of polycarbonate and in a special way.

materials for both the aviation industry and the space industry, what materials are used, what scientific breakthroughs are here can we wait? materials here played the most important role, well, starting from the moment when a person wanted to rise, but for airplanes other materials were needed that should be light, have high reliability, that is, you need titanium alloys, you need super-heat-resistant alloys, you need polymer composite materials, the basis of progress is materials and technologies, and of course, scientists, specialists, the question has really now arisen bluntly, from the point of view

of sanctions, from the point of view of geopolitical tensions in general, we can count on russian science that will save the lives of thousands of small patients. for children in need of a heart transplant, this may be the only chance to wait for a transplant. my name is khalilulin timur abdulaimovich, i am a cardiac surgeon, doctor of medical sciences. as a student, i saw heart transplant surgery and it was wonderful and somewhat unusual, but it would be

great to be part of that team. this happened many years later; previously, artificial features had been developed so that the patient would still wait transplants. he is fitted with such a compact left ventricular bypass device. the imported pump, which doctors now use, can be implanted into a child weighing 20 kg or more. the russian development will make it possible to use it in patients with less weight, which means that more children will survive to surgery, although for some the device will become a companion for life. when there are absolute contraindications to transplantation of the left ventricular function of the heart, avoid the formation of blood clots and damage to the formed elements. blood, before it becomes part of clinical practice, experts test its performance on animals, well, these experiments are carried out on animals that have low weight, this is important because it simulates the work of an artificial heart in conditions of a small blood volume, low weight of patients, that is, these are the criteria that the surgeon must create such conditions to make

it easier to perform, the first adjustment of the device during the operation and then we... if the experiment is successful, then very soon the small children who were previously doomed, will have the opportunity not only to save life, but also to lead it fully, move, grow and develop. once zhulvern, who was exchanged in too fictional plots for books, was told. therefore, in our time, what seems incredible and inexplicable can soon

become part of everyday life. we will continue to keep you informed about all such discoveries and developments. and the science program and me, natalya popova, see you, confidence in sustainable operation, reliability and energy efficiency, flexibility for... application in any industry. new quality for your success. transneft, oil pumps. the person got drunk on wine with the hussars, asked to steal a cannon from the regiment for fun

, and with her own hands fired at a peasant’s hut. bang! miraculously didn’t kill anyone to death, what’s the difficulty? her mother is an important person at court, there’s nothing wrong with my daughter, she’s a normal girl, siberia, i ’ll cut out your tongue now, we won’t hang you, we’ll sew her up.