should have been done last, but probably this is not an economic, not a technical choice, it is a choice, as if imposed on ukraine, because they are very dependent on them. by the way, this particular ip reactor is usually mentioned in the context of various emergencies and technical malfunctions. one of its weak points is considered to be the hermetic shell material; it is susceptible to corrosion and, as a result, hypothetical radioactive gases can escape into the environment, but there are many other shortcomings during testing. in 2009, the ap-100 failed within a month main circulation pump, which were manufactured with a guarantee of 60 years of continuous operation. later, in the eleventh, it also began to overheat, in the thirteenth , fragments of the impeller fell off the pump. after 2 years, the americans announced that the damage had been repaired, but soon cracks were discovered in the turbine blades. as a result , such a reactor at the vogl nuclear power plant in the state of georgia was completed only in the twenty-third year, although it was completed. was planned 6 years ago, and

the final estimate was $34 billion, at an initial rate of 14 billion. and yet, the director of the ukrainian energy atom, peter kotin, has the conscience to advertise ap-100 as the safest technology in the world. the west is very envious that russian nuclear technologies are actively developing, that we are advancing all over the world, and that we are finding new partners in different regions, on different continents, and thus they, of course, want... to put their sticks in this wheel, yes, that is, they want to say that we too, look, here in america they also have their own technologies, in this case the ukrainian media act as a kind of speaker, that is, this is ordinary competition, an ordinary attempt to discredit a competitor, present it in a black light, and describe their technologies as the most advanced and modern, finally, an interesting example of western russophobia, a text came out from the german tabloid bilt. claims for a sensational

investigation into how russia is allegedly flooding the european union with migrants, specifically for this purpose moscow has registered a fake attention airline in turkey, so that planes would take on the contrary large groups of middle eastern and north african refugees, then transport them from istanbul to belarus, from where illegal immigrants will penetrate into poland, amazing conspiracy theory, but lovers of conspiracy theories will have to be disappointed, from where it all came, the turkish airline was launched. she is engaged there in transferring people to turkish resorts, this is absolutely a tourist beach destination, and the germans, well, bilt, picked up this story in order to twist it on a topic that is beneficial to them, then there is a sore subject for the burgers themselves, illegal migrants, and to play the russian card, in the end the turks did not tolerate this and are suing the build, unfortunately.

not every wave of disinformation can be stopped by a lawsuit, since the laws on libel and the dissemination of false information to some people abroad are apparently not written at all, but at least they cannot be prohibited by common sense, no matter how many ridiculous fakes we be sure to continue to expose it in the stop fake program on the russia-24 tv channel. russia is traditional. modern, technological, original, open, great, so different, but dear to everyone, all of russia is before your eyes, come to the international exhibition forum russia. the heavenly office kept the intrigue until the very end.

so what kind of weather should we expect for the new year, rains and thaws or frosts and snowfalls? we’ll talk about this in the next 20 minutes, here are some other topics we’ll touch on: cold, dampness , a feeling of complete hopelessness, the weather will help the dryers to celebrate the holiday in a special atmosphere. by the way, why are the ukrainian trenches so different from ours? the hegemon found the bottom. the americans said. the shelf in the arctic, where such appetites come from, how legitimate are the territorial claims of the united states, and neuros got to weather forecasts, is artificial intelligence capable of making a revolution in meteorology? you are watching the main weather program, i am vadim zavodchenkov, hello, forecasts for the new year changed until the very last days of december. and

the weather fever, which turned into storms, blizzards and freezing rains in different regions of the country, only fueled the main intrigue, what kind of weather will surprise the russians. we will definitely tell you about the first days of the new year 2024; now are the most striking cataclysms of the outgoing december. at the end of december, russia was gripped by weather fever. throughout the second half of the week , cyclones dominated the european part of the country, which made the weather extremely changeable. the southern regions of the country were at the epicenter of the disaster. these shots were filmed in dagestan, a strong storm arose here and disrupted it. roofs from houses, and in total more than 100 thousand consumers were left without electricity; they fell on the wires, and this orenburg region, in the south of the urals a blizzard was raging, in orenburg itself, in just 12 hours , almost a quarter of the monthly

moisture norm fell at the local weather station, sometimes, by the way, the precipitation turned into rain, because the temperature rose to +1°. the most difficult situation on regional highways, freight traffic... transport had to be limited on the roads to ufa and saratov. in those areas of the southern urals where the snowstorms stopped, a winter rainbow was observed on friday - a bare sun. at the same time, the temperature began to decrease with the same optical effect that is usually appears in frosty weather, residents of the sverdlovsk region and perm region encountered. there, in the morning the air cooled down to -24-2 in some places. six, in omsk, due to ootepeli , skating rinks, slides and ice towns were closed on the eve of the new year. utility workers had to remove melt water from the roadway, and for this they used equipment that, as a rule, is used only in the warm season.

only the south of european russia remained an oasis of relatively calm and warm weather. in crimea, kuban and other southern regions flowers bloomed before new year's eve green leaves appeared on the trees. such unusual weather conditions were provoked by a powerful flow of atlantic heat making its way deep into the continent. as a result , in most regions of russia, the end of the outgoing year turned out to be warmer, and the most significant anomalies were recorded in traditionally cold regions in the urals and siberia. here the thermometers rose 10-15° above normal, and in some places they were even recorded. maximum temperature records. the atlantic conveyor was only able to stop the blocking anticyclone at borders of eastern siberia. by the way, it was he who caused the pandemonium of forecasts. on new year's eve, this block was supposed to be broken,

and it was assumed that this would happen in the southern part, where the less cold, and therefore heavy, air was concentrated, but something happened that could not be calculated. supercomputers, the energy impulse of the cyclones was enough to push the yakut cold into the arctic, a hotbed that enclosed in its region , and from here a fragment of the icy anticyclone began to make its way to the west, trying to freeze the russian plain. in new year's eve, the temperature regime here is extremely contrasting, in the epicenter of stuzhe, the north and northeast of european russia, in some places the thermometers are lower - in the northwest, thanks to the proximity to the baltic sea, frosts are noticeably weaker, down to -10-15, in the center the night temperature -1-6, in the thaw zone only the lower reaches, volga, don, southern regions and the black earth region. in the subsequent

new year holidays, weather contrasts will continue; almost the entire northern half of the russian plain will be covered by an anticyclone, so here it will mostly be without... abnormal frosts, the southern part of the region will be under the protection of cyclones, bringing with them clouds, precipitation and warmer air masses, gaining a foothold in the south of russia , the atlantic warmth by the end of the holidays will try to make its way to the north of the country, for example, in central russia there will be frosts in the coming days will only intensify, already after january 2 in moscow in the morning the thermometers will show -20. 23, in the midday hours only -15-18 only on the eve of christmas the sky will be covered with fields of snow clouds , powerful warming will begin in the afternoon on january 7 before -2. cyclones raged all week in the northern military district zone

, the weather, let’s say, was downright severe, rain turning into sleet, impassable mud, piercing... wind, all this, of course, could not but affect the morale of the already demoralized armed forces officers, especially considering the inhuman conditions that reign in the ukrainian... positions, but what kind of gifts in quotes, of course, is the heavenly office preparing for the enemy for the new year, let’s ask military meteorologist yevgeny teshkovets. evgeniy, what are your forecasts? vadim, they can definitely create a festive atmosphere at kryvoyaki’s don't count. the weather in the nwo zone was difficult for almost the entire month of december. the ukrainian trenches quickly sank into the mud, along with their inhabitants. frontline hospitals are overcrowded. in addition to the wounds, the dryers en masse.

or operations using armored vehicles, vehicles stuck in the mud are an easy target for artillery. for example, ukrainian militants are unsuccessfully trying to pull polish- made saokrab out of the donbass black soil. on the other hand, when there were frosts in the donbass, the ground turned into some kind of concrete and for digging trenches it was already i had to pick up not a shovel, but an ax. we are cutting the ground, so if there are vacancies, you can come. compared to ukrainian trenches, the russian trench looks like a real work of art, there

are drainage systems, wooden floors, there is even a russian bathhouse, everything is neat and thought out. why can’t ukrainian militants do the same at home? they probably don't see the point in this. the commanders of the armed forces of ukraine understand perfectly well that ukrainian soldiers live on the front line for 3-4 days, so they can sit in the mud for a while. but then, why equip trenches if? tomorrow they will be under the control of the russian army, and in the end you can put the money allocated for their improvement in your pocket. judging by the forecasts, ukrainian militants will have to flounder in trench mud in the first days of january. already on the second of the month, the north atlantic cyclone attacks the north atlantic cyclone. flash rains will add another 5 liters of water per square meter of already waterlogged black soil. well, on january 3 , another one will be added to the intense precipitation. pleasant weather factor - wind, gusts which will reach 10-15 m/s. such

weather conditions impose restrictions on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles with guided munitions. it must be said that for the armed forces of ukraine such weather is to some extent even favorable; you can always attribute your failures to it. on other topics, the americans decided to grab a huge piece. how the united states motivated such a hasty expansion of the borders of the shelf and how such machinations are consistent with international law, we will tell you in our material. arbitrariness on an unprecedented scale. the united states announced expansion of the continental shelf in the pacific and atlantic oceans, the bering sea, the gulf of mexico in the arctic. the complexity of this territory is about a million square kilometers, that is, like two states of california.

the us state department emphasized that the continental shelf is a continuation of the country's land territory and does not cause territorial disputes with russia, however, to resolve possible issues, washington plans to hold negotiations with canada, japan and the bahamas. the united states just comes and says you know, this is now ours, because we want it so, that is, in this regard, they act as such a legal nihilist. and pointedly ignores the interests of even its closest neighbor canada. according to the established procedure, before declaring any territory part of the continental shelf, the state is obliged to provide scientific evidence. the americans claim that they have been collecting data for as long as 20 years, but they cannot share it with the commission, since they have not ratified the convention on the law of the sea, in fact, the states invited to believe the word. including in our own country, may complain that state boundaries are being expanded without consideration by the un commission on the limits

of the continental shelf. but since our maritime borders with russia and canada are fairly well aligned, the us claims to expand the shelf are convincing until someone with rights and reputation challenges them. the first attempts to delimit the shelf were made 65 years ago after the adoption of the geneva convention, then they agreed to limit the shelf has areas of the bottom no deeper than 200 m. after the advent of technologies that make it possible to extract natural resources from great depths, they decided to adjust the criteria: now the boundaries of the shelf or exclusive economic zone extend up to 200 miles from the coast. country or further, if the connection of the bottom areas with the main part of the continent is proven. these restrictions were enshrined in the un convention on the law of the sea in 1982. it was ratified by russia, the european union, and one hundred and fifty other states, but the united states did not sign it. years research of the arctic, studies of underwater soil, analyzes of crustal movements and even

the development of a geodynamic model that describes the evolution of the lithosphere over the past 60 million years. this titanic work accompanied russia’s submission of an application to define and expand the boundaries of the shelf. thanks to her, we received the right to plant the russian flag on the lomanosov ridge. apparently, our achievements in the arctic pushed the united states to hasty action. this step, if you look at it from an economic point of view, is probably a kind of bookmark for decades to come to provide the potential for strategic superiority or strategic advantage to the united states. in these territories for decades to come. according to bloomberg, the declared areas of the continental shelf contain a huge amount of important resources for industry. in addition to large oil and gas reserves, the volumes of which have yet to be clarified, there are about 50 different minerals, including rare and extremely popular lithium in microelectronics, used in energy and production of telur cars, and this is not

counting sixteen rare earth elements. true, there is one thing: extract resources on the shelf. expensive, not easy, but one day it will become technologically possible and economically profitable; the americans are already trying to stake out the rights to the tasty morsels of the arctic. of the ten major scientific breakthroughs in 2023, two are related to weather and climate. the list of scientific achievements was published by science magazine in december. in an honorable second place in the top were studies confirming the weakening the atlantic meridian overturning circulation, the same one due to which the gulf stream can stop, and mots is a system of surface and deep ocean currents in the atlantic ocean. in the surface layer, well

-warmed water spreads from the equator region to the pole, where this flow, cooling, descends to depth. returns back to low latitudes. let me give you a striking example: part of it is the gulf stream, and the important role of this mechanism in the planet’s climate immediately becomes clear. flow system provides a quarter of the total heat received by the northern hemisphere. on the other hand, seawater is a major carbon dioxide sink, capturing about 700 million tons of carbon annually. and now scientists have found that due to the melting of sea ice and desalination of the ocean, the overturning mechanism is disrupted, so that in the coming years the circulation system may change irreversibly. and another scientific breakthrough, according to science, is related to artificial intelligence. neural networks managed to predict

weather, or rather the most advanced hydrodynamic models. is it capable? publications on the topic of artificial intelligence that came out in 2023 truly turned out to be revolutionary. what is the essence of the breakthrough? nowadays , supercomputers are needed to produce a high-quality weather forecast. to correctly calculate how atmospheric processes will develop, colossal amounts are required. computing power, because a huge number of parameters are loaded into the forecast model, and satellites play an important role in modern weather forecasts, without them, the quality of the forecast would have dropped by half, rolling back half a century. the main problem of weather forecasting is the limit of predictability of atmospheric processes. this was pointed out by the outstanding geophysicist, mathematician and meteorologist

edward lorrens in the middle of the last century. a physically based weather forecast cannot be made for more than 2-3 weeks, and even this is the most difficult. technologies, only developed, rich countries can afford such things; to improve the accuracy of forecasts, so-called ensemble calculations are needed, that is, a whole family prognostic procedures, which is extremely expensive. this is where the revolutionary idea of ​​using artificial intelligence arose. it is noteworthy that the first weather forecasts using a neural network were made not by scientists, but by teams of the largest transnational corporations, google and huawei. now we understand. that there is a new method based on such statistical models; in fact , machine learning methods, artificial intelligence, are essentially statistical models ; they use a large number. a large amount of data, this method indeed, it turns out to be not just competitive, but it turns out to be more effective. experts used

the results of calculations of the european center for medium-range weather forecasts model for 50 years around the globe. this is a huge amount of data and subjected it to unprecedented statistical analysis. it turned out that with such a gigantic volume of information, a new computer program can, figuratively speaking, be taught. weather forecast based on already available information, moreover, the forecast turned out to be even a little better than the model on the results of which the network was trained, however, despite the revolutionary development, classical numerical weather forecast models will still remain in the arsenal of meteorologists and climatologists, and will undoubtedly be needed; it would be a misconception to believe that now we can discard all models and weather forecasts , which were considered, are now being considered operationally... every day, but discard them and replace them here with artificial intelligence, this is an illusion, if you read those very articles in science nature, then you make sure that the authors themselves admit that these

results that they obtained would have been impossible if not for the physical models, why? because this is the very data on which these neural networks are trained, this is not just measurement data, these neural networks were trained on the so-called reanalysis. analysis is a certain mixture of measurement data from these mathematical physical models. space exploration and the emergence of supercomputers in the middle of the last century gave a powerful impetus to the development of meteorology. well, today we are all over visibility, we are experiencing a neural network revolution in meteorology. and at the end of the issue, our traditional section: the space weather forecast, which we compile together with our colleagues. from the institute of space research, how did the sun surprise astrophysicists in the outgoing year and will our star reach the maximum of the cycle in the coming year?

results of solar activity for 2023. 12 flares of the highest grade, that is, on average , one per month, 360 weaker flares of class m. a year earlier, there were such events in two times less. statistics objectively confirm the growth of solar activity. as for magnetic storms, which many are interested in, there were 40 days with magnetic storms this year, that is, approximately, well, somewhere around one storm in about 7 tier 10 days. we had the largest storms, as i already said, in march and april, that is, these were the largest storms of this year and this cycle at the moment, that is, there have been no larger events since then. throughout the year, the sun gave out rather contradictory signals; the year began very stormy, already at february. the largest outbreak in many years occurred, in march-april there were large magnetic storms, and there was a feeling that the sun was almost reaching its peak, but from the beginning

of may activity began to fade and in the summer it went to almost zero, at the same time it increased the number of sunspots, some of them reached enormous sizes, to the point that the peak values ​​of the previous cycle were broken, however, these records did not lead to an increase in flares; by the end of summer, almost all the sunspots were completely destroyed. second splash activity began in september and continued for almost a month. and again the sun, having exhausted its energy, went into hibernation, although not for such a long time. we met the end of the year with a new increase in solar activity. the largest outbreak in recent years has occurred. every week there were two or three magnetic storms, although usually quite weak. and we are analyzing all these bursts as a whole , as if the picture as a whole, we expect that by the middle of the twenty-fourth year the sun will reach its peak. and it will be located on it approximately. about a year, and apparently, it’s just starting from the second half of 2025 about going down, that is , a rather interesting and quite active year awaits us. now there is another lull in the sun,

therefore, according to short-term forecasts, the new year holidays from the point of view of solar activity will be calm, without magnetic storms, the situation will change only in the second half of january. that's all, enjoy the weather, whatever it may be, goodbye!

investment rating, economics, through specific stories, we can reach people, we we often talk about money, the sums are serious , there is a clear and clear signal in russia , is russian industry capable of replacing foreign suppliers, it is necessary to mobilize all resources, give me the recipe in general, this is how to achieve what you have achieved, it seems to you that you are at the top peace, got up, dusted himself off, is

russia ready to change?

so, 2024 has come into its own throughout russia, kaliningrad was the last to join in these minutes, last year brought serious changes, both for the whole country and and for each of us, we enter a new one with the confidence that we continue to move in the right direction, defending our national interests and values. the president congratulated the russians on the new year; in his address, vladimir noted that we were united by common goals and separately.