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style. get. from unnecessary has always been the dream of any scientist. russian researchers succeeded. they proposed using exhaust gases to extinguish fires. the created compound forms foam in aqueous solutions, suppressing fires without harming the environment or human health. you will learn about other scientific news from the new issue of our program. 100 g per road, when ethanol brings only benefits to motorists. this gives higher

efficiency, better fuel economy, in fact, better environmental performance of equipment, prove that not a camel, how can four-legged animals save a person from batulism? the guy has a phlegmatic character, he never conflicts with his relatives and does not show aggression towards a person. and what can motivate a young scientist? today it is academic rowing, it is part of our mentality that we are working hard, and not... somewhere there we are relaxing, so to speak, yes, we do not have a siesta. at the end of the 19th century, this substance was used as an antiseptic and sold in pharmacies. but one day , the wife of a german engineer bence surprised those around her by pouring this liquid into the tank of a car. so the pharmacy of a small town, in fact, became the world's first gas station, and gasoline turned from an antiseptic into the main fuel of the planet.

fuels using more accessible components, roughly speaking, if we make fuels together with ethanol, we can shorten the production chain from oil to gasoline and use more affordable semi-finished products. octane number is a measure of the fuel's ability to resist detonation when igniting a mixture with air in an engine cylinder. in the production of petroleum gasoline , a high octane number is achieved

through complex processes of oil refining, isomerization, reforming, catalytic cracking and alkylation. since bioethanol has a high octane number, it can be used in cheap gasoline fractions without additional processing. what is this gasoline made of? the formula for success, in fact, turned out to be familiar to all of us from the school chemistry course c2h5oh. ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol. it would seem that the circle of history has closed - we will have to refuel again. pharmacies, in fact , biofuel production can already be put on stream. ethyl sprint is made from agricultural products, primarily from wheat or corn, and some of it can be used right now to produce bioethanol. another important aspect is, of course, environmental, and bioethanol, like other oxygenates, can improve the quality of combustion of motor gasoline in the engine, reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases. with the help of an additional package. we further improve

the performance properties of such fuel, creating a virtually premium product. in theory, it sounds convincing, but how does the new fuel, which was named? e25 , show itself in practice in comparison with ordinary ninety-fifth. let's add alcohol to gasoline, special gas stations, as you understand, do not exist yet, so a simple canister takes part in this high-tech experiment. our gasoline, look, what color is it, it is absolutely pure absolutely white, by the way, still about ecology, yes, the absence of resin is generally beneficial for the environment, if you compare it with the european standards that are necessary, yes , there is euro-5, euro-6, this fuel. does it meet european standards? of course, ours is suitable for all modern cars fuel, of course. yes, a small clarification: filling the tank with sotanol gasoline will cost the motorist more than regular gasoline, but this difference can be leveled out if the fuel excise tax is removed from e25. this

practice is quite applicable when it comes to more environmentally friendly fuel. so, the tank is filled with ethanol gasoline. now all that remains is to check how the car will behave, whether the alcohol will give it a special mood and sound, or it may lose its speed characteristics and slow down more, well, in terms of smoothness of movement at start-stop, well, what difference should be felt? there is no difference at all, that is, for an ordinary driver and passengers there is no difference, you simply will not feel it, when we were developing this fuel, we conducted tests on many cars, both new and... old , not a single driver felt any difference on any car, if, for example, the same car runs on ethanol fuel or gasoline fuel, then the service life of the car, it somehow still has some variability, well, even here

we can say that in terms of durability in terms of reliability, ethanol fuel will win here. scientists believe that not only car owners, but also the economy as a whole will benefit from the use of biofuel. mass production will involve the agricultural chain, and will also give a second life to idle alcohol plants. the production of e25 fuel, as we believe, is most effectively established from the north caucasian federal district, from the southern regions of the country. currently, the most suitable conditions, sufficient quantity.

about thirty young scientists are currently engaged in this and other related projects and the head of research activities, also in the recent past a graduate student. we came to enjoy each other's company from what we do, so if something does not work out in sports, it will definitely work out later in life at work. my name is aleksanyan david robertovich, i am a candidate of chemical sciences, head of a research laboratory, we are engaged in the development of various petrochemical products, in basically, these are additives. starting from the laboratory stage, production in small quantities and then we try to scale up in large volumes, in large reactors. you know, until the ninth grade, i wanted to go to dentistry, to become a dentist, but

a couple of visits to the dentist discouraged me from this desire, in general, i went to organic chemistry in petrochemistry and had no doubts, from the tenth grade i thought that after completing my specialty i should go to graduate school, i liked it, after graduating postgraduate studies i decided that it was worth gaining experience directly in production, and i worked for a little over a year in the republic of tatarstan, nizhnekamsk, upon returning from nizhnyakamsk, i found a new haven for myself, now we are suppliers of additives, detergents that clean valves and ... and the combustion chamber from soot, from carbon deposits, well , thereby, let's say, increasing the environmental performance of the fuel, the vehicle itself, well, and making the air around us cleaner and better, and also literally recently passed

rally competitions, show track, and well , one team contacted us from there and we developed specially for them... kits for their cars, we sent them bottles with our additive, they became multiple prize winners. in some races, winners, our team is actually very young, and being the head of a research laboratory, it is necessary to understand who has what strengths, and how to use them correctly, not all scientists are nerds who are used to being shown on tv, in tv series, films, there as from a cave, as from a dungeon. they sit in laboratories, gurgle, that's it, no, the same people with different mentalities, interests,

so we try to organize various kinds of team building meetings for teams, today it's academic rowing, we came to enjoy each other's company, from what we do, so if something doesn't work out in sports, it will definitely work out later in life, at work, i've had cases where a person came... a student to diploma and i am an exceptional theorist, i can't work with my hands, several months, and you can really teach, there was a case, a student came, literally on the very first day he dropped a flask, broke it and was ready to leave, science does not accept such, that is, you must always go to the end, you must be prepared for the fact that the result may not come soon, the result may not be what you expect, you will see it as negative. but in fact, someone who is in a related field of science will see their

benefit in this, that is, i mean that you cannot omit hands, no matter how pathetic it may sound, desire time, everything is real, everything is possible, at the same time, having a number of hobbies, i would probably be more correct to say that i am a home person, and i try to devote as much free time as possible to my family, i have daughters... a year and 3 months, i love spending time with her, seeing how she grows, develops, my wife is also engaged in science at scotech, she recently defended her phd dissertation, she is engaged in optimization of drilling methods, a programmer, yes, in general, we have such a scientific family, maybe anyutka will also grow up to a candidate, i do not want to say so, to incline only. organic chemistry in general science is interesting. further you will see where

the appearance of rust is sincerely happy. one of the goals of corrosion stations is to test metal materials, their corrosion behavior in different climatic zones. and why did camels turn out to be more valuable for science than horses? camels were found to have immunoglobulins in their bodies. two types: sausage, the meaning of this word will explain to you even a small child, and most likely will immediately ask for a sandwich, but if you say it in latin, the effect will be exactly the opposite, the food will turn into a deadly infectious disease, because it was because of mass poisoning with sausage that botulism once got its name and the main task of my laboratory is to obtain drugs for the treatment of various diseases based on monoclonal antibodies. in 2016 , we began developing drugs for the treatment of botulism based on such antibodies.

the disease, although few cases are registered per year, but its mortality rate is quite high, that is, it is more than 10%. it is caused by botulinum toxin, which penetrates into the cells and actually causes paralysis. botulinum toxin is hundreds of thousands of times stronger than rattlesnake venom. only millionths of a gram can kill a person. there is an antidote. only the use of serum, which is currently used, is not always effective and even safe. horse serum is used today, however, it is clear that this immunoglobulin heterologous to humans, that is, foreign in nature and often causes various allergic reactions, therefore the development of a drug, as if a new generation based on antibodies as similar as possible in their structure to the human. shock, therefore scientists

were faced with the task of humanizing the drug as much as possible, that is , taking the constant main framework from human immunoglobulin and implanting only a small part into it, which directly binds to the target. veroboliums unexpectedly came to the rescue. found in camels in the body.

it is not difficult to work with camels, everything depends on the character of the animal, and the work is no different from working with leashes, the camel 's name is barney, he is 7 years old, barney has a phlegmatic character, he never conflicts with his relatives and does not show aggression towards humans. work with barney and his colleagues consists of several stages: the first is obtaining a target, for this purpose immunization with a special form of botulinum toxin is carried out. it is safe for the animal. at the first stage of our work, a sequential immunization of the animal with purified botulinum toxin. conventional immunization includes five to six injections. most often , this is enough to form a stable immune response in the animal's body. then the camels share blood samples with the researchers and enjoy the nature of the middle zone.

and in the laboratories, painstaking work begins to find a single cell that produces antibodies with certain characteristics, the genetic sequence of this antibody is studied and the very same recombinant molecule is created, based on human immunoglobulin framework. to date, permission for clinical use has been received, and we have concluded an agreement with a clinical base, we are already starting research on healthy volunteers. for almost 8 years, scientists have been developing not just another modification, but a new generation drug. in it, high efficiency should be combined with absolute harmlessness to ... humans. in addition, based on the research conducted, it was possible to obtain innovative means not only for the treatment of botulism, but and for the treatment of dangerous viral infections. we managed to find an antibody with the help of this technology that has a broad spectrum of neutralizing activity against all variants of the k-2 virus, that new coronavirus that came to us in the twentieth year. and, given the problems with

its high variability, we believe that this drug has great prospects. so what other incurable diseases will not withstand scientific progress? if we continue this list and fantasize a little, it will be possible to create a vaccine against the virus immunodeficiency, against which it has been impossible not to create a vaccine for more than 40 years, because the virus changes so quickly. right now, watch an interview with academician gindsburg, the director of the legendary gomaleya research center spoke about unique developments that allow today. to talk about the possibility of creating universal vaccines, for me, of course, this is generally a very strange concept, yes, that in principle it is possible to develop a universal vaccine against viruses, or it is possible to create a vaccine that will induce antibodies of broad specificity against the pathogen of infectious diseases, which

change genetically very quickly, namely against influenza, against covid, that is, against the class, against the class yes... it will not need to be changed every 2 years, on what scientific platform is it based, accordingly this assumption, and it is based on observations of the natural immune response, that in certain patients in very small quantities, but b cells are detected, this is very rare, there is one in 10 thousand

out of 100,000 b-cells, synthesizes antibodies the broadest specificity. which neutralizes literally all types, respectively viruses, but i would like to get not just antibodies, but to get a vaccine that will be introduced into the body of a person who is not yet infected, a universal antibody will be produced in his body, which will preventively protect him from all types of influenza or from all types of covid, god willing from all types of the immunodeficiency virus. covid affected, in general it is clear that all of humanity was very scared during the period pandemics, now we have all let go a little, should we expect any new outbreaks of coronavirus?

we will really be prepared for possible new pandemics, aleksandryanevich, thank you very much, well, further success, yes , come, we are always happy to share

our plans with you, next in the program: in the fight against corrosion, all means are good, but are there any truly effective ones? for the first time in the world , we have developed a new principle of prophase protection, and its genius is precisely in its simplicity. what is rust from the point of view of economy? the damage amounts to 3.5% of the country's gdp. if you translate this into monetary terms, the figure is astronomical. but in addition, corrosion causes significant harm to the environment. and more than half of such losses are due to atmospheric corrosion, because most metals are used in natural conditions. in our country, this is especially relevant, given the difference in climatic conditions, humidity and temperature in different regions. one of the goals of corrosion stations is to test metal materials, their behavior corrosion in various climatic zones, testing of the materials themselves, testing

of protective equipment. at the moment, the most well-known method of protection is the use of volatile corrosion inhibitors. volatile corrosion inhibitors are substances that have a high vapor pressure, more than 10 to the minus fifth power of millimeters of mercury, that is, they can spontaneously evaporate, saturate the volume, reach. can penetrate into cracks, gaps, which distinguishes them from other types of protection, but without the disadvantages of not got by, over time, volatile inhibitors can completely evaporate from the leaky volume, so scientists have proposed a fundamentally new method of protection. for the first time in the world, we have developed a new principle of prophase protection, and its... genius is precisely in its simplicity, we all know from school that with increasing temperature , the pressure of saturated steam increases and we have proposed just this method of short-term

processing of metal products, there are few volatile compounds in steam at elevated temperatures, when the pressure of steam increases. such inhibitors were called chamber inhibitors, they not only do not have the disadvantages of the previous generation, but also made it possible to reduce the processing time of products from three.

research on improving the methods of protective equipment continues, but in this difficult search it is necessary to take into account many factors, for example, to understand how exactly the inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface, more often when applied we are dealing with '. both chemical and physical. for corrosion, it is more promising, of course, to obtain chemically adsorbed poorly soluble complexes on the surface metal, simply physically adsorbed molecules protect worse, since when exposed to an aggressive environment they can leave the surface. an x-ray photoelectron spectrometer is used for analysis, it helps to determine the patterns of adsorption on the treated surface and the interaction of molecules between. this allows more accurate prediction of protective properties to create new inhibitor compositions. now the need for domestic

materials for protection has greatly increased. from corrosion and we have made materials for modern oil, gas sector, for transportation of petroleum products, these are high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, these are volatile corrosion inhibitors, these are oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors, in fact, we now cover all areas of application of corrosion materials, protection of existing materials or creation of fundamentally... important goals for many sciences, but there is another way: significant changes in characteristics with the help of modern technologies, in this russian scientists have also achieved impressive results. for many centuries, clothing made of natural silk was a symbol of status and wealth. now it is a reference material from a scientific point of view. our scientists modified silk threads with nanoparticles of metals and their oxides. such an introduction allows us to obtain a material with specified

characteristics. for example, resistance to ultraviolet radiation or water-repellent properties. what else can science surprise you with, you will find out in the next issue. with you was natalia popova, see you.

in those old days, when there were no gadgets, people used magic, but with themselves hit your head, you have a nickname, where you need to go, that's what they call me, because i'm not taking you where you, fool, want to go, where you need to go, he doesn't need... who has a flint in his pocket, eh, what started, flint, i can't live without traveling, soon.

so says mayak, watch to know everything about russia, the best historical series, watch, watch, with the app or on the website.

hello, on the air of the russia tv channel, big sunday news, with you evgeny popov, today on the program. hamvi is fairly new, compact, very fortified. stolen her quickly. the mood of the kursk salient. these hammers. how to steal a humvee under the enemy's nose? it was you who received the order from the commander of the roto to steal it urgently? here they are the cooling towers of the kursk nuclear power plant, where the fragments of the downed missiles were found on august 10.

the new chernobyl.