vegetables and fruits are an essential part of a healthy diet, but we are all afraid of pesticides and other chemicals, russian scientists are downplaying this phobia, they have proposed. citrus replacement for agricultural poison. citron juice now helps protect crops from pathogenic microbes. with its help , silver nanoparticles were synthesized, which have a very strong antimicrobial effect and will help protect crops without using substances toxic to humans. all about other useful studies in this issue of the science program.

the fight against cancer, a choir and a harp, when science goes like clockwork. i really like the opportunity to perform here, it is an opportunity to constantly rehearse, to keep my voice in good shape. space bread is manual labor with no room for error. 6:02, and the main condition is that there are no cracks. a year locked up, a reality show for extreme sports enthusiasts or preparation for conquering the stars? we did not wash during this time, we did not have a shower, we, like astronauts , wiped ourselves with napkins once every 3 days, and also what all astronauts in orbit fear, that by weight, i'll be honest, i gained about 10 kilograms during my first flight, as a child every girl dreamed of being in the world of the barbie doll, well, every boy dreamed of becoming an astronaut, i am now in the place where these completely different dreams have united, here is a peak... bread for astronauts, well, and because of its

size it is called barbie bread. alexey, what is included in space bread, what are the ingredients? space bread includes flour, rye wheat, and also apar, consisting of thick rye sourdough. and in general, what is it differs from ordinary bread, space bread, is there any fundamental difference in it? space bread is exactly the same as our earthly bread, it’s just that its special feature is that it has a long shelf life. and how do you ensure that it doesn’t spoil, doesn’t go stale? thanks to double sterilization, what they tried to find was one sterilization, but there was - 2-3% defect, a little, but unacceptable, in the end they came to double sterilization, also a double type of packaging. in order for the bread to fly to orbit and be stored there for quite a long time, without losing its taste and useful qualities. it is also necessary to thoroughly check all the ingredients, here you can’t do without science either. we determine the microbiological

safety of wheat flour, the grain in the process of growth, transportation, processing, well, very well seeded and , as it were, contaminated. then we have requirements for fatty products, we control the peroxide value of olive oil, which allows us to ensure a longer shelf life of baked goods. after all scientific tests have been passed, at this in the academic kitchen, all the bread that will fly into... this is a delicate job that is not entrusted to machines, now we will try to bake one batch of space loaves, the smell is simply magical, it reminds me of childhood, when grandma used to make pies there, here the sourdough was rising, so, well, what are we going to do with this, and now we will weigh, shape, 6:13, a little too much, how difficult, 6:02, oh, so, 6:02, excellent, then we roll a small circle. and the main condition is that there are no

cracks, that is, if there are cracks, then this is already there will be spoilage, after filling the forms, the future bread is given 20 minutes to stand, so it gains all the necessary acids and rises, then in the oven, 10 minutes at a temperature of 230 ° and you can try it hot off the stove. i really love the crust, i always - eat all the loaves and loaves, here it is just a solid crust, because well, in four grams - crust on all sides, well, can you eat the crust, it crunches, i don’t know if you can hear it in the frame, but it crunches, so delicious, awesome, and are there any other flavors that you are working on, or is this all assortment? no, there are other flavors, for easter, for example, also spring cake, that is , a small gram, and stolichnaya, flatbread, pizza, that is, a fairly wide assortment, the main task in preparing space food is not to surprise with something unusual, on the contrary, to preserve the traditional

taste aroma that astronauts associate with the earth and home, therefore the assortment of familiar baked goods is constantly expanding, but not at the expense of quality. it is repeatedly checked in the workshops and directly at baikonur before sending into orbit. we hear the astronauts, after they return from the flight, there are meetings with a large number of people who provide flight activities, but no matter how we tried to find out if there were any complaints about the bread, it means there were no complaints about the bread. why exactly such a small loaf form factor was chosen, in what conditions the astronauts have to eat this bread, we will find out from someone who has been in orbit many times. i gained only 2 k'. therefore, as on earth, someone loses weight, someone gains, but i will tell you honestly, mostly gains. space food is semi-liquid food from tubes. please remember, at the moment astronauts do not eat

from tubes. space food is two types of food. the first, canned food, that is , some kind of already prepared dish, buckwheat with meat, a hot pot with vegetables, we take. you put this tin can in a special oven, two iron plates clamp this can, heat it up to 60°, open it, the second hot one can be eaten, the second type of products are sublimates, sublimated soups, sublimated salads, sublimated cottage cheese, water is removed in a special way on the ground, it can be stored for a long time, it does not spoil, it does not need a low temperature , that is, refrigerators are not needed, just add water, wait for some time , you eat perfectly, chubiki, of course, are at the station, but in chubiki there are only seasonings, ketchup, mustard, horseradish and so on. cosmonauts lose a lot of weight during the flight, since muscles atrophy in zero gravity. it is clear that staying in zero gravity, especially for a long time , affects the human body. if we

do not use something, the body begins to destroy. accordingly, preventive measures have already been developed in order to preserve. i spend much more on calories than i could spend, even doing sports every day, at least 2 hours. the second flight i was more careful about the diet, i gained only 2 kg. as on earth, someone loses weight, someone gains, but i will tell you honestly,

mostly we gain. the space station has spartan conditions, there are no amenities familiar to modern man. it must be said that life in the conditions of the international space station indeed. mm, unique, weightlessness leaves its mark, we have separate cabins, you can retire, the station is digital, computerized, you can contact colleagues, friends, relatives by e-mail, you can call via satellite, and in general now the satellite grouping has made life at the station much easier, you can find out the news, you can even watch a football match live, if you have time, if such conditions exist, so digitalization has also reached the station, unfortunately, the soul there is none on the station, so hygiene procedures are wiping your whole body with wet towels after training, in a good way,

this is the only difference from normal earthly life, for example, like in everyday earthly life, the cosmonauts themselves prepare aromatic bread in a bread maker, you ask, why then do we need small loaves and... these difficulties with their preparation, the answer is simple: the people on the screen are on the ground, it looks like the filming of another reality show, but in fact they are all participants in a unique experiment. this is the place where we are now we are, this is just one of our largest experimental complexes, it is called a ground experimental complex. we simulated flight conditions here, we simulated people living in a closed volume, the so -called technosphere. yes, we conducted research on noise, we conducted research on modeling a flight to mars, there was the mars 500 project. the current experiment was called sirius. its first stage was completed 7 years ago, then the volunteers spent only 17 days in isolation, last the fourth stage has already started in the year, its

participants have been living and working in space flight conditions for more than 8 months. the main task of the researchers is to immerse themselves in the life of a long-term space flight , to take into account all the nuances from... hanging, wires hanging, they wanted to somehow remove them, the crew came up with special holders that they printed themselves, made themselves, and it became much more convenient for them, there the crew could print, for example, new year's decorations for the christmas tree, this is what the experiment is useful for, in the long term it becomes clear what is missing in the daily routine, for self-sufficiency of such needs, for example, a 3d printing device was successfully introduced, and for the first time the use of a washing machine was established, which is... technically difficult, but extremely relevant in interplanetary flights. in parallel with everyday issues, monitoring of the diet continues

, this is dealt with by a separate science, extreme nutritionology. this is a subdivision of the science of nutrition, which deals with all the nutritional features of people in difficult conditions, well, for example, in conditions too low temperatures, in isolation conditions, in conditions of... all different types of high, low pressure, all this must be accompanied by adequate nutrition, which will help to overcome certain conditions for a person. a long stay in space is a real shock for the human body. the hormonal background, the work of the vestibular apparatus, the cardiovascular system changes, the loss of bone and muscle mass begins. for example, in zero gravity, an astronaut loses approximately the same bone mass as a patient with osteoporosis. on earth, it is the right diet that will help avoid health risks. today's research has shown that

the astronaut's body needs a sufficient amount of protein, since it is necessary to protect its muscle mass from its loss in space, but it must be said that going into outer space is a rather labor-intensive, energy-intensive process, and in which a large number of calories are expended. astronaut food is ... the sirius experiment very actively uses modern technological advances. we have a very large the work is connected with the use of the capabilities of virtual reality, for example, for modeling docking, for modeling some technical work, this is something that was not in the nars 500 project, but now it has already received such good development. researchers go out into a special lunar module, where with the help of virtual reality technology they solve

problems that will face astronauts, control of the lunar rover, movement of cargo and much more. namely, they undergo a field test, where with the help of vr technologies, they do some physical exercises that allow physiologists to understand what condition they are in, and then they move on to two stands, a sign stand, where their entire body is weighed down to lunar gravity. and accordingly, physiologists are interested in seeing how they will coordinate their actions and how they will perform physical exercises if their body weighs 1/5 of the usual weight on the stand-rover, where they perform operator activities to control the lunar machine for the purpose of extracting lunar soil, this is also very a specific, complex task, where we are interested in how people in new gravitational conditions will coordinate their actions with their eyes and hands. this stage of the sirius project will end in... november, the participants will leave the closed space, having spent a whole year in it, will relearn how to live in earthly

conditions and get used to regular food. next in the program, what other problems do scientists need to solve to realize the dream of conquering deep space. a spaceship is not a beautiful car on a wide road, it is not will turn around, it has already taken off, taken off and is moving on schedule, and the crew must be ready. to behave in any situation. in fact, the sirius project is a continuation of the work that is systematically underway at our institute. for a very long time, our country was the first to actually study, to study the problem of the medical and biological stay of the organism in space flight conditions. you know that extensive medical and biological research was conducted even before the beginning of the manned era. then, of course, large-scale research began on adaptation of the organism to the conditions. non-placeness to create a system of support, prevention, selection, and so on and so forth. isolation, today one of the complex

models that allow the closest reproduction of the conditions of space flight, which is confirmed, by the way, by the astronauts who participated in our experiments and flew either before or after, and we are just looking at those projects that are currently underway, how they will end, in what format to continue them on board the russian orbital station, the most obvious nuance is radiation safety, there for the first time...

international experience, have not found any analogues of such devices in the world, this device connects to the internet and it is able to inform the doctor about any emergency situation that may arise. it is hard to believe now, but in europe until the end of the 16th century , surgeons were considered not doctors, but artisans and they not only invented, but also made medical instruments with their own hands. today, no one expects this from surgeons, but they... a device for recording of excreted fluids in a person in the postoperative period and a patient model that is connected to it. on this patient model we simulate excreted fluids, blood, bile and other fluids that can be excreted from the body. the device, it is able to determine the color of this fluid

to measure the amount that is given. the data is recorded on the sd card, and also. does not feel it, that it is flowing blood, but it is necessary to correctly understand that constant visual supervision of the patient, well, in nature no... does not exist, that is, there is no presented personal person who would specifically look at what is happening to a person. special devices for monitoring heart rhythm or, for example, the level of oxygen in the blood have long been created. but doctors are still forced to determine the outflow of pathological fluids by eye, so a russian surgeon-inventor took everything into his own hands and created a prototype of an extremely useful

device. the device is a combination of two devices: firstly, these are electronic scales that measure. records the amount of fluid released on electronic media, secondly, it is a color sensor that determines the color of this fluid, and by analyzing these two parameters, we can predict postoperative complications with a fairly high accuracy. the device does not just send notifications, the doctor will also see graphs on his phone displaying the amount of fluid released and its color, and this is not a matter of convenience, any useful... information and a quick response to a problem can save a patient, like this the controller can save many lives, most of our colleagues have accepted this idea with enthusiasm, like let's have prototypes, we will all participate, we will try, because well, for many who are engaged in large-scale surgery, the relevance of this issue, it simply does not raise doubts, the developer of the prototype has big plans for

the future, not only to improve the technical side, but to make the invention even smarter, so that it turns into a full-fledged monitoring system capable of issuing expert opinions. during the operation of this device information will be collected when there is enough of it, and we will connect it to the neural network in order to create an expert system, and this expert system will issue certain decisions, there is bleeding, bile flow, anastomosis failure. now we are implementing this device in our. institute, i hope that it will not be limited to it. in order for a practicing surgeon to have enough time for invention with a busy schedule, you need to truly love your job, and as doctors say, love this is laid down at the institute, no matter how difficult the training is. the harp for me became

an instrument that at some point turned my life 90°, it is associated with the strings of the soul, it is my outlet, really, hello, my name is loginova nina, i am now a third-year student at the institute of clinical... well, of course, regenerative medicine is our main direction, which i am engaged in here as a young scientist. in simple terms, we are engaged here

setting up various experiments on various tissues, including healthy, living, tumorous, unhealthy, respectively, in fact, we need these experiments of ours for further promising. movement towards the development of targeted therapy for these very malignant neoplasms. the work of our scientific group here serves as a kind of translator of science into medicine, that is, each university clinical hospital will be able to enter into cooperation with us, and thus we will be able to conduct experiments for further improvement of the treatment strategy. severe patients, i see myself as an oncologist i believe that science helps me to understand all the mechanisms most deeply, i really

like to study, and i love to constantly learn something new, i even have a specialization called a research doctor as a child i studied music for the soul, for the heart, for myself, i came to ... the choice of such an elegant, beautiful and delicate instrument as the arf. unfortunately, the harp itself is a very expensive instrument, and even when i studied at a music school, i didn't have the opportunity to afford having a harp at home, although it still remains my little dream, maybe someday i'll be able to earn an extra million to buy myself a harp, but - it's the voice - it 's what's always with me, it's my internal instrument. which i closely monitor, therefore, when i entered sechin university, i found for myself the opportunity to go to the academic choir of sechin

university, this is an opportunity for constant rehearsals, keeping my voice in good shape, it's an integral part of me, the whole life at seshchinovsky university is... very eventful for me, i can safely call this place my second home, because after classes in the first half of the day, i come to the laboratory, here i do science, for me it is something very intimate, as for the choir, this already relates to my musical part of the soul, but no matter how you look at it, my main specialty is medical care, first of all for me there is always and will always be education science. probably, most of all i have heard stereotypes about scientists who sit in a laboratory without windows, without doors, no one leaves from there, i think this is

a well-known myth, it really is a myth, i always knew that i would definitely find a place where there would be new equipment, where it would be light, beautiful, but this is not even the most important thing, the most important thing is the team, for example, in our institute of regenerative medicine about 85% of all... employees and people involved in the work of the institute are young people, you all interact, you all burn with a single cause, you know what you want, here all stereotypes fade, it is really worth going into science, if you want to learn something new, i really want to advise everyone not to be afraid, to come, to try to write, whether it is the mail of the scientific supervisor, whether it is the mail... of the director of the department in which you want to try to do an internship, to work, it is precisely thanks to what we do that breakthroughs will be made in this

area in the future, and we will no longer associate oncology with the serious disease with which we associate it now, it is possible to defeat it, if not completely, then for the most part, science is a constant search for answers difficult questions, sometimes solutions come from unexpected places. what do the bright colors of fruit plants and fungal diseases have in common? a new version of a drug created by russian scientists. it turned out that the effectiveness of antifungal drugs can be increased by as much as eight times with the help of a pigment that gives color to fruits. such a drug will be able to treat fungal infections with lower concentrations of antibiotics, which will reduce the risk of side effects. you will learn about other news from the world of science. in the next issue, with you were natalia popova, see you.

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