he alone, twenty-five-year-old shalapai, who had long since outgrown the uniform of a small legionary, was capable of outwitting anyone himself , and without thinking, giving any obligations, if only to obtain imperial power. caligula is the same, famous, and macron is more legendary than the current one, prefect of the roman praetorians, first century ad. mezansenata, de is relevant. about the insatiable thirst for power, however, we cited a quote from another association, it is from the book nero or the actor on the throne, author valery semenovich durov, a remarkable professor of philology from st. petersburg, a specialist in roman ancient literature and the father of this fall's most famous prisoner, pavel durov. the arrest of paris, the founders of the telegram messenger, is a landmark event. no one so clearly

embodies globalization as transnational information giants, they operate outside of any sovereignty, their ability to influence people and society is almost limitless, while erasing boundaries was considered the norm, from the polina of communication to applause they paved the way for humanity, but the era inspired cosmopolitanism is over, states, any consider a threat to stability. what they cannot manage their own territory, and the liberal order is replaced by a supervisory one, and universality by a desire for originality. it is no coincidence that the durov case has excited so many, from zuckerberg to damascus, from the most left to the most right, and the government around the world sent a clear fluid, so it is possible, and necessary. the question is not whether it is good or bad, the main thing is not as it was. and as it was, will no longer be.

next week in america there is a loud event. debate of presidential candidates, kamala harris and donald trump. the outcome of the election is unpredictable, sharp turns are being laid. a lot depends on the fight on september 10. the company can be ruined, it can be saved. harris is not a great orator. trump is often carried away sharply. from the state.

the most popular flag today is trump vance. and another one. fight, fight, fight after assassination attempts. and from t-shirts, they most often take with the inscription "convicted of serious crimes". trump on flags, vests, t-shirts, stickers , mugs, cars, mobile homes are covered with it, motorcycles. local men see trump as a paragon of manliness. "i love trump, he's going to bring back the old america. hours of line in the heat, hundreds of people patiently waiting to get inside the arena. this is trump's first visit to pennsylvania since the assassination attempt, police, presidential security, fbi agents are everywhere, a helicopter is circling over the city. in a jesus

my savior t-shirt with trump's picture lives nearby. she constantly prays for a second presidential term for her idol. the second term will be even better than the first. he knows that does, he will take power with a firm hand and put the country back on track on day one. biden should never have been in office. trump is the only one who can save this country. and i pray every day that he is back in the white house. pennsylvania is the jewel in the crown. of the seven swing states, 19 votes in the electoral college system, so both candidates, trump and harris, are spending millions of dollars to get this diamond in their crown. john staun is a town in central pennsylvania that once thrived thanks to the steel foundry and metallurgy industry, but the furnaces in the shops behind me have not been lit for several decades, the city has not been able to rebuild its economy, since then it has been one of the poorest in pennsylvania. people without a college

education, the core of trump's supporters, they paved the way for him to the white house 8 years ago, when pennsylvania, michigan and wisconsin, contrary to expectations and ... true american patriots. the moment is approaching: we will win in pennsylvania, we will defeat kamela haris, we will retake the white house home and make this country greater than ever. trump is a proponent of populist rhetoric, and he has promised to solve all of the country's problems with a wave

of a magic wand. his 90-minute speech in jonestown included promises to lock the border on day one, impose a 200 percent tariff on all imported cars, and cut the. the only thing harris and trump agree on is that pennsylvania will determine who will be the next president. pennsylvania is a great state, but it's hard to win, and even harder to manage.

historic american company and it is vital for our country to support strong american steel companies. i will always support american cooks and all american workers. american unions have always been on the side of the democrats. president biden personally picketed with striking auto workers in the past. unlike trump, harris is counting on union leaders, skilled workers, women and african americans to form a coalition, which will be enough to tip pennsylvania. undecided voters are waiting for the debate scheduled for september 10, and it will take place. dmitry vershinin for the international review, pennsylvania, usa. the most famous american election prophet, alan lichtman, he was on our program a couple of months ago, made his forecast for

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germany stirred up all of europe. polls warned that the parties entering the federal government would fail in thuringia and saxony. and those who are called extreme, an alternative for germany on the right flank is a very fresh union with.

a scene from the life of modern germans, the picture is entitled, ungrateful east germany, a symbolic liberation from the soviet bloc. for a long time they thought that there was simply no problem, it turned out that there is, and the reason is

the unwillingness to recognize the right of the inhabitants of the former gdr to special status. before the unification, somewhere around 70% of gdr citizens said: no, we are first first of all, the germans, secondly, we are east germans, ninety-sixth year, more than 80% say: no, we are first of all east germans, only secondly, we are citizens of a single country, now... well, somehow the situation is not so much, of course, not 80%, but somewhere half of the population can say, yes, we are first of all axis, and at the same time they do not want to return the wall, it is simply an idea that accept that we are axis, and we are unhappy with how germany was united, in political terms, this is very important, this identity, but here too there is a subtle point, it is not important that they consider themselves axis, east germans, but whether they consider themselves as this group somehow oppressed, well, not that oppressed, but second-class people,

second-rate, because if we look at the voters, then it is precisely among the voters of the alternative for germany party, well now it is also the union of sarvo, previously , of course, the left, there are many who believe that east germans after 30-35 years are still second-class citizens, that they still do not receive the respect, recognition. well apparently, yes, these parties are perceived as those that can express the interests of east germans, hear them, and somehow protect them.

but this did not apply to the citizens of the gdr, in a single country they were by default seen not as sufferers, but as accomplices. perceived rather as, not as victims, but as residents of an authoritarian state, and then the question arose: do we perceive them all as victims, or do we perceive them partly as victims, and partly as fellow travelers, and there were indeed attempts to somehow re-educate them, but this rather, it had the opposite effect, because in general people are not very pleased, yes, when their history is explained to them, it is very irritating, and what is interesting is that even this... this irritation, discontent, it has already passed on to the younger generation, who did not live in the gdr, that is, they also believe that this country was better than it seems, because they listen to the stories of their grandmothers, grandfathers and so on, and they also act with this kind of oppositional identity, that don’t tell us, we know from our parents, grandmothers, grandfathers, how it was in fact

in fact, and re-education, in fact, this is in quotes, it was not that good. done, these 40 years that they had, they were told, well, they were not very good, yes, you worked for 40 years for an authoritarian state, not a state based on the rule of law, or rather, as they said there, now let's integrate into a state based on the rule of law, and people felt that their past was being erased, they felt that their achievements were not recognized in any way, and naturally, on the contrary, they began to defend the gdr more, and here we get the phenomenon of nostalgia, all these films, museums, where they say that the gdr , in fact, in everyday life was a very interesting, pleasant state and not as it is presented, that is, this re-education was very poorly designed, and it always works poorly, yes, when they say from above, sorry, you didn't think like that, it can either come from within, or it can't

come at all, the result is natural, alienation from systemic parties and attraction.

institute and individual politicians, primarily federal ones, well, and it is typical for them, of course, to a lesser extent , participation in political parties is also interesting, especially in old german ones, that is, i mean the peasant democrats, the social democrats, the free democrats, and finally the greens, here , apparently, there is some kind of dual situation, on the one hand, these parties were not able to create such stable structures, to somehow transfer their centers, including to... the east, but also probably for the east germans their ideas turned out to be more alien, and there is such a vicious circle, on the one hand, and people trust these parties less, they are less they speak out in them, they join them less, and accordingly trust them less, the situation is different in the left-wing ukraine, the right-wing ukraine, this is now

the union of the arch-left, which has historically been represented there, and the afd, which has worked very well to establish a dialogue with the east germans. the brightest star of the year is sarah wagenknechit. she announced the creation of a new bloc named after her in january. already in the fall, people started talking about her as a possible coalition partner of the largest parties. sarah wagenknechit is one of the most popular politicians in germany, with a higher rating than chancellor olaf scholdt. unable to find a place for herself in any political party, she founded her own , shaking up german politics with a combination of right-wing nationalism and left-wing socialism, the new york times writes. in less than a year, 55-year-old wagenknecht has rocketed into three regions of east germany, where her alliance is gaining 15 to 20 percent of the vote, ahead of

each of the three parties in power in berlin. sarah, or rather zahra, wagenknecht was born in the gdr, to an iranian father and a german mother, and taught at school russian language, earned money as a tutor as a student, studied german literature and philosophy. after the european elections, sarah became the representative of the pds in the european parliament, in the bundestag, wageningnecht first got in 2009

and soon headed the left faction in the lower house of parliament. an incorrigible stalinist, an iron lady and lady voldemort, as the media calls her, wears vintage, but closely follows the trends on her youtube channel, where she explains the political situation in simple terms. more than half a million people have subscribed. in domestic politics, sarah wagentnecht advocates for reforming the german economy and providing high social guarantees to everyone. uncontrolled migration, according to her, worsens the situation of poor areas, blind eco-activism makes life more expensive without helping the climate. like the alternative for germany, she is against the outright atlanticism of sanctions against russia. when one of the tv channels invited wagington to debate with an afd representative, instead of arguing, there was a peaceful exchange of opinions. because of her position on ukraine, she is called the most hated politician for

kiev. last february , a bundestag member brought tens of thousands of people to the center of berlin, demanding an end to military aid to ukraine and the start of peace talks. vakank means all this. now it suddenly turns out that it is possible to deal with her, certainly at the state level, if only to prevent an alternative for germany from coming to power. here , the establishment feels a real threat, partly because the party is a proxy for a broader phenomenon, which is commonly called the right-wing scene. there is a party, well, in this case an alternative for germany, afd. and there is a right scene, this is a broader concept, and the right scene is not only and not even so much, well, just one party of an alternative for germany, this is what the germans

call forfield, that is, well , pre-space, pre-political space, and these are entire networks of various intellectuals, clubs, circles, organizations, civil activist movements and so on, because if we talk only about a party, it is one way or another still a bureaucratic structure that obeys certain party-political laws, it it functions simply in the appropriate way, at the present moment - it is not such a party, not just a party of financial and economic protest, it is a broad - a party of movement, as the germans say, the wenx partai, which embraces, among other things, this space around itself, and this is exactly what... many conservative - political activists, intellectuals and so on, dreamed about back in the sixties, therefore - here in fact, there is a great depth to this issue,

about which we often somehow, well, lets it out of species. alternative for germany is officially suspected of extremism, the abundance of the nazi past, cooperation with it is considered unacceptable by definition, no matter how many... local conditions, some dissolution in the establishment, yes, conditionally such a movement that parodies the cdu of the old format, a. well

, the christian democratic union, cdu, is the first tendency, the other, and in general this tendency, in fact, people, representatives of this tendency founded the party from the beginning. another tendency, which, well, it is often called radical, although it seems to me that this is in in general it does not convey its essence, it is a tendency that opposes this dissolution of entry into the establishment on some compromise conditions, that is, this party is fundamentally oppositional.

splits in the party in the fifteenth, uh, in the seventeenth, in the twentieth, twenty-first years, all three of these major splits - in general, occurred for the same reason, because there was an attempt to either keep the party from entering the establishment on the one hand, on the other hand to draw it into the establishment, each time this - conditionally, well, let's call it that - an uncompromising position, right? such a fundamental oppositional position, it has won time and time again - in this internal conflict and it has become stronger and stronger and stronger, and its leader - well , first formal, then informal, is björn höki, who presides over thuringia, actually, this is the person who has committed, well, this is really the first time in the history of the frg, when the right-wing party, it becomes the main force, this

happened precisely in thuringia. cell. violator calm, germany's donald trump, a nazi and an outright racist. western media do not hold back in their critical assessments of björn höcke. the regional mp, a native of the state of north rhine westphalia, has repeatedly attracted attention to himself, although he has never held high political office. höcke is considered the most radical of all the far-right alternatives for germany and its most influential politicians. in 2013, höcke co-founded the afd regional branch in thuringia. he created the right- wing ethno-nationalist wing in 2022. supporters took 2/3 of the seats in the federal government. the young man and höcke was fond of scandinavian mythology. organizations under

the cdu csu bloc, he served in the military and studied at the pedagogical faculty. in history lessons at schools in hesson, he quoted forbidden literature to students and allegedly told them about his grandfather's meeting with hitler. he was first noticed on the air of the talk show, when he took a german flag out of his pocket and placed it on a chair, declaring that he was proud to be german. since then, björn höcke has often provoked the public statements in which the outraged public hears notes of goebbels propaganda and references to the racial programs of the nazis. for example, at rallies in 2015, he called on germany not only to return to a thousand-year past, but to a thousand-year future; in 2017, speaking to the youth wing of the party, he criticized the holocaust memorial, calling it a monument of shame, and said that it was time for germans to stop feeling guilty for

the crimes of the nazis. in the spring, the thuringian justice committee even stripped hökki of his parliamentary immunity; the court fined him 13 thousand euro for using a banned nazi slogan. the politician predicts civil war and disintegration in germany due to migration. he calls for closing european borders to migrants from africa, believing that - quote: their reproductive behavior could lead to overpopulation and become a threat to germany. children, calls on germans to embrace prussian virtues and promotes the idea of ​​social patriotism, state aid only to germans, and proposes to return the national currency. as for ukraine, höcke believes that it has the right to self-defense, but anyone who supplies it with weapons, adds fuel to the fire , prolongs the war. the politician advocates establishing a dialogue with moscow, emphasizing that cooperation with russia has great

advantages.