they say, because we were brought up, my generation, i grew up there in the seventies, eighties, that if something happens just once, then that's it, then total war, the destruction of all humanity, not all, the northern hemisphere, it will be thoroughly devastated, as for the escalation ladder, as for the theory of limited nuclear war, that's all that was invented by the americans at the turn of the fifties and sixties, first within the walls...

repeated use of the entire available arsenal is suicide, they believed civilian analysts, so we need to make nuclear weapons more practically oriented, that is, reduce the destructive component, add some kind of escalation perspective, and thus, limiting, say, the scale of destruction in the first strike during the first strike, well, for example, take the enemy cities hostage, that is, something counterforce strike, fire from...

these theories of controlled escalation all went to hell. 70 years ago at the totsk test site in the orenburg region in an atmosphere of the strictest the only combined arms exercises in the history of the ussr with the use of nuclear weapons took place in a secret area. the terrain of this area resembled western europe, where they would probably have to fight. under the leadership of marshal zhukov, the rds- 2 atomic bomb with a power of 40 kilotons, twice as powerful as the one dropped on nagasaki, was detonated 350 meters from the ground. equipment, weapons and animals were positioned around the epicenter, troops in protective suits waited in shelters. the nuclear flu rose to a height of 6 km. equipment that was located near the epicenter was pressed into the ground melted. the centuries-old forest at the epicenter disappeared, and from the animals. only ashes and

fragments of hooves remained. it would seem that the effectiveness of nuclear weapons is obvious. in addition, the most powerful artillery preparation and aerial bombardment since the storming of berlin began at the same time. but the exercises showed a completely different result. an atomic explosion, in itself, does not bring automatic victory and does not solve the problem of breaking through the defense. after the explosion , the infantrymen in protective equipment went on the offensive against the positions of the imaginary enemy. throwing a bomb at the forward positions was it was impossible, it was possible to hit their own, the tanks received critical damage only within a radius of 300 m from the epicenter. at the front lines, the effect of the explosion was blurred, the minefields did not burn in the radiation, they had to be blown up. at the same time, if you believe the declassified report on the results of the exercises, after the nuclear explosion, the radio and rap worked, the nuclear strike itself did not completely solve the issue.

in which us infantrymen pose under a nuclear mushroom cloud, in popular culture it was glorified by a short video instruction from indiana jones on how to escape from an atomic explosion in refrigerator. in fact, this is not such a big exaggeration. the tests were announced in advance, in the fifties in the usa there even appeared such a phenomenon as nuclear tourism. by the scheduled date , people would come to las vegas, about 100 km from the test site, to watch the grand spectacle. now if we look at the attempt of the americans to put pressure on north vietnam, it was carried out in a non-nuclear mode, but in the same logic of controlled escalation, flexible response, let's slowly raise the degree the impact of bomber aircraft on the object in the north of vietnam, and hanoi and haiphong the technical option to bomb them, we will leave as a reserve the case of intimidation, none of this worked, as they drove

weapons ammunition along the hu chi minh trail, as they fed the edcong guerrilla movement northerners in the south, so they continued to do this, and thanks to their exceptionally high ... the threshold to bombing were insensitive, that is why most likely the then founding fathers of the idea of ​​a limited nuclear war for good purposes, of course, but they they were mistaken, because those on whom the decision in that situation actually depended in the sixties, later in the seventies, eighties, i mean the headquarters of the strategic air command, here... professional military men who compiled the targeting lists, who edited every year the so -called siop, single integrated operational plane, this is actually the main staff draft of the plan for a potential nuclear war, here is the only one well-

developed at the level of theory and practice options were a full nuclear salvo always up to and including 1989, it was sometimes broken down into chords, but in the headquarters itself... when discussing the confrontation between russia and the west, the image of great britain inevitably arises, so it has become entrenched in our culture. and now the main permission to pour on russia is expected not only from washington, but also from london. about the origins of rivalry after advertising. mom,

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trace it back to suvorov, others relate it to the long reign of queen victoria, but the idea of ​​​​the eternal conflict of russia and britain is rooted in the consciousness. london is now the most decisive ally of kiev under any cabinet, when did this begin, and not so long ago, less than 200 years ago, in the second third of the xix. from the thirties, especially the forties, such a pair of rivals in the large asian space, rivals in the construction of empires, the russian empire and the british empire, is gradually formed. sharp fears from great britain will be expressed publicistically, for example, by urquhart, a very well-known character in eastern affairs. eastern policy, in particular, he will, and this will then pass to marx, this is a funny

moment, in my opinion, urquhart will even insist in the fight against - the policy of the british cabinet, to suspect palmerston of being a russian spy, and marx will sound this including in the fifties, in russia, perhaps, in the forties the attitude will be much calmer, rather due to the fact that ... britain will not be much in focus here, it will be very peripheral, it is noteworthy that in the twenties, in the forties, and then this will last until the beginning of the sixties, in public opinion the center of intrigues, villainy, ill-will towards russia or the russian empire, here is a subtle point regarding whom exactly, but nevertheless vienna will act, austria will act.

that the russian empire has practically no opportunity to strike any significant sensitive blow to britain, britain is able to choose the place of action, the place of striking, the russian empire can expect a blow from britain anywhere, starting from kronstadt or revel or riga, ending with kamchatka. there is no

way to keep forces in this entire space, being ready for an english attack, and it is not clear how to seriously affect british interests, but this feeling of powerlessness spurs on, on the one hand, a whole series of resistance projects, on the other hand, this readiness to see the english hand anywhere, actually - all this will unfold in the sixties, seventies - in ... in what we know as a big game, first of all, in the space of central asia, where there will be a large rivalry, including in the promotion and one of the aspects of russian. expansion into central asia, this is the idea of ​​the possibility of delivering a sensitive blow to england, reaching india, moreover, an important event here is the fifty-seventh year, the sepoy rebellion, stronger, let the bodies of the condemned scatter in the wind, why

is he not tied, he is a prince, do not be afraid, i will not run away, a weapon. revenge on the russians for the death of his family during the suppression of the polish uprising, but the publisher asked not to politicize this side. inema became the prince of the sepoys dakar, a fighter against british colonialism. such are the french echoes: russophobia, with anglophobia, the great game was a very special kind of confrontation. the parties in their

rivalry are not bound by the restrictions that bind them in the european space. accordingly, there are a lot of agents on both sides, which is significant, who are not officially military, diplomatic agents of either the russian empire or the british empire, hence the mass of such characters who do not have official status, like merchant travelers english, penetrating into central asia, hence. a whole series of similar russian characters operating somewhere in the kashmir region, this ambiguity and turbidity will really greatly contribute to the image of an english trace, which can be found in the most unexpected things, and simply in a literal formulation, here is almost an englishwoman shitting, and sometimes literally,

naturally not in official papers, but for example in such semi-official reports related, for example, to turkestan... at the turn of the seventies and eighties, speech will be quite serious, here are very similar already not diplomatic vocabulary, and in turn great britain will also have serious grounds to represent this omnipresent russian interference. the hero of the spy novel by rudyard kipling kim, an irish youth, grew up as an orphan in india, there he confronts the malicious. russian agents, they are depicted with undisguised hostility, greedy and cruel savages. well, who forms images, if not classical literature? after the berlin congress, which will be very nervously received by the russian public, will be perceived as a diplomatic defeat, in fact the loss of all the results

obtained as a result of the russo-turkish war of 7-7. the rejection of the achievements of san stefano, when - including the threat of a military clash with great britain, when britain introduces its fleet into the sea of ​​marmara, passes the straits with the permission of the ottoman empire, when it is almost a military clash literally on the shores of basfor, then after this the russian foreign ministry will go to that to make. offer to the afghan emir the moment to make an offer to declare him caliph instead of the ottoman sultan, and yes, the talk will be about the fact that we need our own caliph, just great britain will react quickly here, the emir will be forced to flee from the british troops, who will directly enter

afghanistan, the second afghan war will begin, with all the twists and turns, but this ... speaks about the degree of the clash, including attempts to generally form such an alternative center of islam, including the idea, of course, connected with the recent annexation of central asia with the russian capture of bukhara with the status of khiva, among other things, with all this context, but it was precisely the crisis of 1985 that would serve to ensure that in the russian consciousness... an agreement would be concluded in central asia. on peace by 1986, and in the end an agreement would be reached on afghanistan, and the idea of ​​buffer states would be discussed in various ways since the 1940s,

since nesselrod, well, just when the two empires would literally be on the brink of war, this will activate the search for agreements, then a chain of agreements will begin on... asia and by 1907 the decisive agreement will follow, the agreement on persia, which will open the way to a cordial agreement and to russia and great britain becoming allies during the first world war. it turned out exactly according to today's recipes: escalation for the sake of de-escalation, back and forth. this entire system of images will fit very well in the early soviet era with the british intervention and the image that, well,

starting with a conspiracy of ambassadors, starting with lockhart, where in general everything that had been accumulated over the previous half century, if not more, would fit well, plus the fact that here there would be no need to stretch the owl too much onto the globe - it did not interfere with being on the same side at critical moments. the first russian tsar to visit britain was peter ii. this

happened during the great embassy to europe. peter met twice with king william ii, who presented the tsar with a twenty-gun yacht. 60 english specialists went from london to work in russia. and to london. in may 1707 the first permanent russian ambassador, andrei matveyev, arrived. in 1804, russia entered into an alliance with austria and joined the third anti-napoleonic coalition, which also included england and sweden. the campaign ended in defeat at austerlitz in 1805, and a year later a new war began. this time, russia was allied with england, prussia, saxony and sweden. but napoleon celebrated his victory again and concluded the telesidian peace treaty with alexander, which was beneficial to him. russia and france signed a secret treaty on a defensive

offensive alliance and pledged to wage joint military actions against any european power. but in 1812 , a month after napoleon's invasion of russia, alexander ii ended the continental blockade of great britain and concluded a peace treaty with it. trade. russia with england were restored, the english government pledged to help russia in the war with france. in 1894, almost 40 years later, after the crimean war, the imperial houses of russia and great britain became related. queen victoria's granddaughter, princess alice of hesse, married the future russian emperor nicholas ii, receiving the new name alexandra feodorovna. this was facilitated by kinship. sincerely friends,

this did not please george's grandmother, queen victoria, but nicholas's marriage to her granddaughter contributed to reconciliation. 12 years later, in 1907 , an anglo-russian agreement was concluded in st. petersburg. living the beginning of the military-political alliance of the entente, before the first world war in 1913, the british empire was russia's second trading partner after germany, accounting for more than 17% of russian exports and 12% of russian import. from 1941 to 1945, both countries were allies in the anti-hitler coalition. during the war, british convoys delivered weapons and food to the ussr, but on march 5 , 1946, winson churchill, no longer prime minister, gave a famous speech in fultan, the cold war began, which

ended only in the middle. ursuline presented a new european commission, before politicians and commentators in the old world elegantly moved. the eu is called upon to put europe on disappeared, the new composition of the executive body military-political flights to fulfill the order of the outgoing nato secretary general stoltenberg, to spend unnecessary money on military needs. gdp, and

as much as possible, through i can’t, i even wonder what will happen? it was an international review, goodbye! i remembered these chords for the rest of my life, i heard. real rock, who knew that in 40-odd years i wouldn’t have to interview the great musician, the author of the wall roger waters. now among the elite there are oligarchs who promote russophobia in the media, you are good people, the fact that you turn into into enemies - this is madness. james baker promised gorbachev that nato's borders would not be expanded, such an agreement existed, and the last straw was the cia-supported

coup in ukraine in 2014, and as for the special military operation, it is connected with the protection of the russian-speaking population in lugansk, donbass in crimea. thank you for inviting me to this program, for me this is a chance to feel peace of mind, knowing that i contribute to peace on earth and goodness. in the lights you have imprisoned me, the villain, the pen, the ink magic, you'll get it, you're the boss. in those old days, when there were no gadgets, people used magic, but hit yourself on the head, you have a nickname, where you need to go, that 's what my name is, because i'm not taking you where you, a fool, want to go, where you need to go, he doesn't need a pen, who has a flint in his pocket, eh, eh,

what started? flint. i can't live without traveling. soon. in gorlovka, doctors are currently doing everything necessary to treat the wounded during a new shelling by the armed forces of ukraine. a residential area came under heavy artillery fire from a drone

in... including a bus stop, the driver died, two more people were injured, a boiler room was also damaged in the city, and as it became known, a resident who was wounded in a strike from the ukrainian armed forces on friday died in the hospital at night. doctors fought for her life to the last, but were powerless. the decision of great britain and the united states to strike russia with long-range weapons of the west will not be public, writes the british times, until the launch of the first missiles, they will not announce it, according to data from... at the same time , german chancellor olaf scholz said that berlin will not supply kiev with taurus missiles capable of reaching moscow. the politician added that it is necessary to study ways of peacefully resolving the conflict in ukraine.

russian l-76 delivered humanitarian aid to residents