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winter 1945. the red army is liberated. hitler gave the order to defend east prussia to the last soldier and to the last bullet. storming of könexberg lasted 4 days became the fastest

operation to capture a major city during the second world war. more than 70 thousand german soldiers were taken prisoner. the german divisions that reached stalingrad, the volga, they all ended their history here, only numbers remained of them. how did the red army manage to take the most fortified fortress in europe? why was hitler shocked by the news of the fall of könechsberg, how did the fate of the city's residents develop after the war.

on april 10, 1945, along the streets and squares of könechsberg lying in ruins, a victorious march the red army soldiers passed through just a few years ago. the capital of east prussia, the city of konexberg, was the largest and most well -fortified fortress in europe. for as many as 8

centuries, the germans surrounded the city with forts, powerful walls, pillboxes and other fortifications. one of the soviet officers who took part in the storming of konexberg later recalled. the country of casimata, the city, a reinforced concrete fist, covered with fog, soaked in poison,

filled with gunpowder and iron, the city of the konexberg fortress, of focal militarism.

everything genuine here is this luxberg thirty seventh year, here is this earth, bricks, look, metal, some ammunition boxes, i don’t know, a chair lying down or signs, here are the streets of this city’s squares, the embankment, barbed wire, so that those who came here, those who did not see this war, he should smell it , feel, here is the tension of the battle, feel this day, april. day of forty-fifth year, naturally, all this was stored, collected by the museum staff,

so that those who come to see this, they could feel, feel what this city cost us. the museum collection presents a rare monument in military history, which has miraculously survived to this day. we have a completely unique item in our museum, it is a model, and the model was. created in march 1945, a special group of 100 people was created, everything they could, cardboard, paper, absolutely scarce, you understand , materials in war, so 100 people, 10 days, 10 nights made this wonderful model, here is a frontline model, imagine, there was a battle for moscow, for stalingrad, yes, let's say, the capture of berlin, some the largest... the assault on könexberg lasted 4

days from april 6 to 9, 1945. it was one of the fastest operations to capture a large and well-defended city during world war ii. according to official data , during this assault, the red army. the soviet troops managed to achieve such success thanks to the careful preparation of the operation. every step, every action and maneuver of the red army was thought out to the smallest detail.

against russia and france. during world war ii, hitler placed.

were surrounded by natural barriers in the form of rivers, lakes and swamps. if kienegsberg was mainly fortified in the 19th century, then east prussia as a whole, in the interwar period, was surrounded by a more modern line of defense, consisting of pillboxes, these fortifications could not be discounted, and of course, in order to take them, what... the first aerial bombardments of könexberg and its environs were carried out by soviet aviation on stalin's orders in the fall of 1941. this was a response to the german bombing

of moscow. however, the truly destructive for könexberg was the british air force. in 1944. on august 30, 189 british lancasters dropped 480 tons of incendiary bombs on the city. british aviation carried out a massive attack on ki, few people remember this now, everyone remembers that they burned dresdor, without having any military necessity. that's exactly how mercilessly and cruelly the anglo-saxons gave in. it was a deliberate. historical center of the city, high-explosive bombs that burned through the building from the ceiling to the basement, and everything perished there, but this must always be remembered, because among other things we are accused of the fact that we fereksberg was destroyed in a barbaric way, practically the entire historical part was burned out by this english, excuse me, bombing, when the soviet troops stormed it in april, of course

there was destruction, but the famous küningsberg castle, it was already in ruins, after the english bombing. there were three towers and one and a half walls left, as they say, that survived, everything else was burned out, just as the entire island of kneipkhov was burned out, this is the center where the cathedral is located, kant's grave is nearby, that is, the entire historical center, it was burned down before the world. at the beginning of 1945, under the pressure of the red army, the wehrmacht retreated to the west, soviet troops liberated most of belarus, ukraine, the baltics, poland. approached the eastern borders of germany. on january 12, stalin gave the order to begin an offensive along the entire front from the shores of the baltic to the carpathian mountains. in the north, the main blow was delivered on the territory of poland and east prussia. the german defense was broken through. on january 17, warsaw was liberated.

a few days later, the red army. by the end of january, in the city and its suburbs three large groups of german troops were concentrated, which continued to put up fierce resistance. at the very end of the war, hitler had a concept that, if translated literally, could be called the concept of breakwaters, and east prussia was one of these breakwaters. the idea was to pin down as many soviet troops as possible on these breakwaters and thereby relieve the main

berlin direction. in fact, storming east prussia meant going along a different route than convenient for the attackers, and to go along the so -called beaten paths, being exposed to... the blow of the forces stationed here in advance. yes, the main strategic part of east prussia was occupied, but the city of königsberg itself, in general, was not taken. and

the next operation was only the beginning of april, when the decision was finally made to finally storm künexberg. the fortifications of königsberg were three lines of circular defense. the outer line. ran about 10 km from the city center and consisted of old forts built in the end of the 19th century. each fort was an independent fortress in the form of a hexagon measuring 180x360 m. the brick walls and ceiling of the fort, about 2 m thick, were reinforced with a meter-thick layer of concrete. the fortifications were covered with a thick layer of earth on top. outside, they were surrounded by a moat with water. the garrison of such a fort could include up to 300 people armed with machine guns, light guns and

mortars. the forts were located at a distance of two to 4 km from each other and connected by anti-tank ditches and trenches. a second line ran along the outskirts of the city defense, which included capital stone buildings. barricades and reinforced concrete firing points. the third line encircled the central part of koenigsberg and consisted of old fortifications. most of the buildings in the city center were connected by underground passages, had warehouses, arsenals and even underground factories that produced military products. the city of koenigsberg was fortified for centuries, centuries, it is a fortress city, it is a citadel, everything here is subordinated, every house, every basement, every

wall, it is all subordinated to the defense system, the german government gave interest-free loans to build a mansion or a house, but they fulfilled a certain requirement: the wall was so many meters long, the ground was concreted, the loophole was of such and such a size, and so on and so forth in the city, everything was built here from a defensive, from a military point of view, this is not just a city, a tourist center or a cultural center, this is a fortress city, this is a city where all the life, all the best generals of the wehrmacht, they were all from prussia, kineksberg, of course, also had a huge symbolic meaning, since it was indeed, such a cradle of prussian militarism was connected with prussia in one way or another.

on march 7, the bunker was ready, it was built at a depth of 7 m, the concrete walls reached a thickness of 80 cm, and the ceiling was 3 m. inside the bunker, rooms were equipped for the commandant, staff officers, the radio operator and various technical rooms. lyash was

convinced that konexberg was capable of holding back the onslaught of soviet troops for months. he claimed that if the russians defended sevastopol for 250 days, then konexberg would hold out for no less. by order of commandant, to defend the city together with the regular. according to soviet intelligence, by the beginning of april, the garrison of könechsberg numbered about 60,000 people. however , it quickly became clear that the german group in könechsberg was much larger, it can be estimated at 70-1000 people. in addition, in ... east prussia there were still quite a few armored vehicles, tanks, including heavy assault guns, in east prussia there were separate battalions of heavy tiger tanks, already

rearmed with ... king tigers. the germans used a very well-known tactic. they buried tanks, turning them into immobile firing points. among other things , the famous king tigers were buried there. this huge, super-heavy tank of the second world war, which was practically impenetrable due to its armor, but it was also very poorly mobile, poorly maneuverable. if you buried it in the ground, with its powerful gun, it represented a very serious danger. therefore, the germans fought there, to the best of their ability, but really. the task of taking konexberg was entrusted to third belorussian front. it was led by 38-year-old army general ivan chernyakhovsky. on february 18, 1945, chernyakhovsky was mortally wounded by an artillery shell that exploded near him. on the same day

, moscow appointed marshal alexander vasilevsky as commander. arriving at the front, he stopped the offensive and began to carefully prepare the future operation. he quite reasonably assumed that the question of time no longer played a significant role, and the main thing was to prepare the troops in a technical and tactical sense and develop.

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