further nashir will continue the documentary film survive in space, it is dedicated to russian cosmonauts who have to work in very...

russian cosmonauts are now successfully completing their fifth expedition to the iss , 375 days long, already preparing for the return to earth scheduled for september 23, where he will have a whole year of rehabilitation under the close supervision of doctors. a long stay in orbit has a negative impact on the life expectancy of cosmonauts here on earth, because to fully restore health. after such a flight is impossible, because of which the inhabitants of the iss greatly increase in height, and here the question of safety arises, why their bones become fragile, from flight to flight we lose, albeit small, but nevertheless an amount of calcium. how to take a blood test in zero gravity? yourself with a scarifier, prick your finger, is it possible to go blind from space radiation?

an indicator of radiation exposure, these are the so -called chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes. what psychological problems are the astronauts silent? you miss the earth, your home very much. and how long can a person in principle stay in orbit? our astronauts successfully support the trend of the first, started by their great predecessors, yuri gagarin and alexei leonov. in the top 10 record holders, for the total number of days spent in space, russians occupy as many as nine lines. only one representative of the usa, astronaut peggy whitsena, squeezed into their tight company with a result of...

iss kanonenko celebrated its sixtieth anniversary. especially for our channel oleg dmitrievich agreed to reveal his recipe for health and space longevity. of course, space flights do not add to health, but i always lead an active lifestyle, regularly play sports on the ground in space. naturally, immediately after returning to earth , the first period of acute rehabilitation is felt discomfort, weightlessness. insidiously, you

are in complete control of your body, but if you do not train, do not prepare yourself for such conditions, then it will be difficult for the body to adapt, i think it will take much more time to restore normal physical activity. many people now think that flying to the iss is not such a big feat. as it turns out, even retirement-age space tourists and film industry workers who have completed an accelerated training course can do it. and the modern orbital station has everything the astronauts need to hang out there for a long time. individual cabins, bathrooms, toilets, a gym, a library and a video library. the menu consists of more than 200 dishes, there are even mini-greenhouses with fresh herbs. agree, not all people on earth live in such comfortable conditions. why is that? the answer to

this question usually remains behind the scenes of numerous broadcasts from the iss, where crew members are always cheerful, happy, and healthy. why? because we are always accustomed to the fact that an astronaut, cosmonaut, or space explorer is always a person who is, well, a rock, a core, like you, like yes, a hero, a cosmonaut, you say that you felt bad, unwell, something was bothering you, many will immediately have a question, but in general, so that most people can to understand what the complexity of the space profession is, it is very important to convey this very feature, what exactly they felt and what they went through and overcame. for us, living on earth, weightlessness seems amazing and attractive, here you do not feel the weight of your own body, you can fly like in a dream and shoot all sorts of funny videos, but from a medical point of view, this is an unnatural and aggressive environment for which it is very

difficult to prepare, even despite special training. cosmonauts spend about 25 seconds in zero gravity in a special the laboratory plane. il-76 mdk. it rises to a height of about 9.00 m. and then it switches off its engines and goes down in a smooth arc. at this point, weightlessness sets in. during one training flight, the pilot performs such hills 10-15 times. but this, so to speak, is not pure weightlessness, because there are micro-accelerations. and, unfortunately, it does not give the full feeling of real space weightlessness. but this is exactly the same.

our apparatus is most tuned to the perception of gravitational signals, yes, if we do not have these signals, or they, say, distorted, then, of course, we will react very negatively, a person shows various symptoms, symptoms of motion sickness, space motion sickness, even this is called, when a person has nausea, there may be vomiting, dizziness, disorientation and so on, all this is basically observed at the beginning of the flight in the first not... several days, and then the body adapts, because our brain is very flexible and can adapt to different environmental conditions, including space flight. getting used to life in zero gravity - the process is individual, and it happens differently for all cosmonauts. for some, the first

two or three weeks in space are, as they say , uneasy, while others, on the contrary, almost immediately feel at home on board the station . however, getting used to weightlessness creates a new problem, and one that is much more significant than seasickness. it consists in the fact that the body begins to like moving and working without making significant efforts. yes, of course, extravehicular activity in general is a huge physical load, and very a lot of stress falls on the arms, because they move due to the strength of the arms, they work with their hands, the legs there are little back. a test on manual bicycle ergometry, that is, they pedal to failure, and accordingly , the astronauts necessarily pass the activity , specialists evaluate how long a person

can withstand this load of the upper shoulder girdle, in order to estimate how many hours he can spend there and whether he will have time to return before he is excessively tired. to prevent this from happening, the body you need to give a load every day in the form of sports, for this purpose on the iss there are several exercise machines, a power machine, a bicycle, a treadmill. the treadmill is one of the main means of preventing weightlessness, so special attention is paid to it, that is, if we are engaged in cycling or a house. day, then the treadmill is planned for us every day, and 3 weeks before the descent all exercises except the treadmill are stopped, and we run twice a day, the road, you see, is not rigidly attached to the body, that is, it walks,

you can even here it is on the roll, on the yaw, actually, it is the same track as you use in we use this kind of weapon. that is, with the help of hooks i attach them to the traction system, which i will then use for running. the training is interesting not only for the cosmonauts themselves, but also for specialists from the institute of medical and biological problems. therefore , during the exercises i use.

myself the traction system so that the load is distributed everywhere, because this can be simulated on the ground, try running with a backpack that you have hanging on your shoulders, a backpack of about 50-60 kg, that's something to do a light jog, and if it is not distributed correctly weight on your body, then accordingly soon or the spine will begin to hurt or the joints of the legs will hurt, so all this is very important. sports on the iss is not a pleasure, but a daily duty of every astronaut.

after the treadmill, the crew members transfer to the saddle of a space bike. for our life, for our health it is very important to have a constant load, maybe not excessive, yes, everything it should be in moderation, but nevertheless it is definitely necessary, because. if it is not there, then the body thinks that the body does not need strong muscles, does not need a strong heart, does not need strong bones and so on and so forth, well, if there is no demand, if there is no function, accordingly, why do we need to maintain these structures in a normal working condition, and if there were no measures to counteract such changes, then of course a person in a space flight after some time would turn into a very strange creature, which on earth would simply... not survived. to maintain strength

endurance , a unique aired strength trainer has been installed in the american segment of the iss. the workout takes about one and a half to two hours. during this time, 12 exercises are performed on all muscle groups. however, recent studies show that aired should probably be used with caution by all station inhabitants. this topic has become relevant quite recently, yes, well, and i would say that it was about 4-5 years ago that they began to study previous databases on astronauts’ medical histories, and it turned out that they have problems with visual impairment. at the moment, this topic is still relevant, and it is worth noting that for now the assumption relates to the fact that, for example, on the american segment, astronauts are engaged.

this is a special loading suit, a kind of hermetic bag on a frame. with the help of this device , negative pressure is created on the lower part of the body and the blood is redistributed in my body, approximately as in the conditions of earth's gravity. the device is called a lapwing, yes.

everyday work or just moving around the station, let's see what's inside the penguin suit, here i unbuttoned it and the first thing... when you put it on, put your legs through the legs, the most important thing is to tighten the belt tightly on the waist, here is the belt, which really tightens quite tightly at the waist, and then from the waist down and from the waist up there are special rubber bands, yes, in the instructions they are called shock absorbers, quite serious efforts can

be created by these shock absorbers, but there are adjustment belts with which this force can be... adjusted for yourself, respectively, such shock absorbers are in the upper part of the suit, in front and behind, to press the shoulders to the belt, and the same belts are in the lower part of the suit to create a vertical tightening, but in order to ensure the work of the muscles, you try to keep your back straight all the time, thus, you always slightly resist... because the suit pulls you down, from time to time you do an exercise, you can stretch legs with such an effort forward, backward, forward, backward, or to spin a bicycle. on the ground, our muscles are under load all the time, even at rest, when you just sit in a chair or lie on a bed, they, although

a little, but tense up, in space there is complete relaxation, the penguin suit allows you to avoid it, it also does not allow ... astronauts to grow, it sounds paradoxical, but this is another feature of being in zero gravity. processes are launched that lead to atrophy of late muscles, as if in accordance with the corresponding violations and these muscles, in particular, they have a fairly wide representation, that is, they are well represented in your shin, in your thigh and in your back. as soon as you move to conditions of weightlessness or, as we usually say in articles, support unloading, that is, what is weightlessness, this is the elimination of support, that is, you have.

for each astronaut, that is, if your height has increased excessively, it is not so easy for you to return to this chair, and here the question of safety arises, that is, if you are not well enough for this chair come up, then accordingly in the conditions of landing or overloads you have the possibility of getting injured, that is, this situation is monitored all the time from a medical point of view...

according to the results of a retrospective analysis of more than 300 astronauts' medical histories , they found out that they have problems with hernias, with the spine and back, that's what we did, but we have a very small base, and we mostly concentrated on research in the conditions of a model, a model study space flights, and this problem really does exist, weightlessness changes everything, even the composition of the blood in orbit has special dynamics, in particular, for example, the features of hemostasis change in space flight conditions, that is, accordingly, the coagulation system reacts to low-altitude conditions, also in its own way trying to compensate for the lack of funds that, for example, are present on earth. at the same time, it is worth noting that in zero-gravity conditions, and blood parameters, for example, hematocrit, the degree of erythrocyte sedimentation, and parameters

oxygen saturation of the blood, they also change, because in general, if we take earthly conditions, yes, these are standard parameters, if we take a space flight or, for example, the iss, this is a sealed object that maintains its own environment, yes, a certain gas exchange. our body is good at adapting to changes in the composition of the air we breathe. nevertheless, doctors closely monitor the astronauts. the mini-laboratory on the iss allows for simple blood tests to be carried out remotely. they are done every one and a half to two months. here is a centrifuge into which we insert capillaries filled with our peripheral blood, peripheral blood is the one that, well, everyone has taken. probably everyone has had a blood test taken from a finger, so we have to prick our finger ourselves with a scarifier, brush it off,

wipe off a drop of blood and collect a capillary of blood, then we seal it, the centrifuge is closed, connected to the power supply, turned on, rotates for about 5 minutes and then the capillary with blood, in which we can already see how the separation has occurred. blood into plasma on steel cells, and we see this division with the help of a special ruler, determine the hematocrit number and report it to the doctors. in general, the medical realities on the iss are quite harsh, in the case of chipei, you can only count on remote assistance. on the ground , the crew's doctors are constantly on duty, one in america, the other in russia. if something happens, they call them, and if there is no connection. on-board documentation is used, which allows you to make a diagnosis and then treat according to a certain algorithm. of the three crew members, one must be certified as

paramedic, but the rest of the cosmonauts are trained to provide medical care. for this , the station has all the necessary drugs and supplies, including for resuscitation, for example, with their help, russian cosmonaut oleg novitsky replaced his own filling. dentists from the ground showed him on tv'.

3 hours, two orbits around the earth, the next crew from the iss is met in the kazakh steppe.

from their bed, but the fluttering out quickly ends with a fall on the floor, a crash, bruises and resentment to himself, that what did you such a bungler, and you're already on the ground, you're not in space, yes, these reflexes, they probably form precisely in the conditions of a long space flight, well, what can you do, the muscles of cosmonauts and astronauts atrophy so much during a long space flight that their ability to do physical work drops by more than 40%. this can be described as the transformation of a thirty-fifty-year-old person into an eighty-year-old man, although today the prevention system also includes pharmacological correction. developed

scientists use drugs to relieve the negative effects of weightlessness, improve brain function and the cardiovascular system, but after a six-month shift in orbit , astronauts face an equally long recovery process. in principle, for a complete recovery of the body's parameters , the pre-flight state is required. the same amount of time as the space flight itself, that is, if you flew for a week, you will recover in a week, if for a month, in a month, but if for six months, then earlier than six months you will not have everything completely will be restored. for some space explorers, the rehabilitation period after a long stay on the iss turns out to be so difficult that a once strong and healthy person literally has to relearn how to walk, although in fairness it should be said that some things are not restored in principle. well, for example, the calcium content in bone tissue is not completely restored 100%, after all, from flight to flight we lose, albeit a small amount, but nevertheless the amount of calcium in bone

tissue. i want to say right away that these are not critical losses, that is, after the astronaut finishes his space career, he lives on earth and is engaged in extreme sports, there they go skiing, jump with a parachute, depending on their interests, that is, in this regard there are no restrictions, in general, long space flights can provoke a number of functional disorders, not only bone tissue, eyes and cardiovascular systems suffer. almost any organ can throw an unpleasant surprise to the astronaut. well, here, probably, there is a well-known proverb, where it is thinnest, there it breaks. that is, each person has some of their own weak points, in fact, a long space flight primarily affects these weak points of each person's health. not to mention the fact that on the iss the body of each astronaut receives a large dose of radiation. here we can make an interesting comparison: the permissible

annual dose for... a nuclear power plant employee is considered to be 20 microsieverts, this is 20 times more than an ordinary person receives on earth. for emergency response specialists, like chernobyl, the maximum annual dose is 200 microsieverts, which is almost the same as an astronaut who has worked for a year on the iss receives. i will say right away that the background of cosmic radiation on the iss is approximately 220 times greater than on earth. this means that cosmic radiation is still quite dangerous in these orbits and you can’t stay there forever. the orbit of the iss has been raised several times; its altitude is now more than 400 km. this was done in order to take the station away from the upper layers of the atmosphere, where gas molecules are still quite noticeably slow down its flight and make it lose altitude. in order not to correct the iss orbit too often, it would be good to raise the station even higher, but this cannot be done, because the lower

radiation train begins approximately 500 km from the ground. particles with high energy can cause significant harm to the health of astronauts, for example, solar flare protons with an energy of over 30 megaelectronvolts and a high ionization density can cause irreversible pathological changes in the astronaut's body. however, it cannot be said that at the altitude at which the iss is currently flying, there are no radiation safety issues: firstly, in the area of ​​the south atlantic there is the so-called brazilian... the iss does touch it when it flies in this area. secondly, space weather also presents surprises. in the case of powerful proton events on our star, astronauts are warned about them in advance. fortunately, the iss has a shelter that allows them to wait out a solar storm. it is impossible to make a thick protective wall throughout the entire ship, but it is possible to find some

compartment where, like... they will be cramped, but protected, well, you need to predict a solar-proton event in time, give a command, they all move together into a protected compartment and stay there, well, fortunately, the applicability of such an average solar proton event is about a day, that is, you need to sit out a day in a closed compartment in a protected place, but maybe you need to prepare, take something with you there, some interesting options for leisure and so on, then you can protect yourself from ...

on the central nervous system and the circulatory system and the cardiovascular system, the immune system suffers, the astronaut may experience coordination problems, memory problems, he begins to perform operator functions worse, all this leads to a decrease in the controllability of the spacecraft. sometimes the astronaut can even directly feel the impact of charged particles. or rather see such flashes with closed eyes - again, i can say about myself: i did not have this either on the first or the second flight, perhaps this is due to the fact that in my cabin it was installed, a medical experiment, so to speak, to reduce the level of radiation to which the astronaut is exposed, and an additional...