an american neurotechnology company founded by elon musk is looking for volunteers to test brain implants. according to the creators, the unique technology will be able to restore the vision of those who have completely lost it, what this technology is based on, how it works and what neurointerfaces are currently being created in russia. this is in the science question section immediately after the advertisement. sber has raised deposit rates. now the deposit is the best percentage with a record rate of up to 20% per annum. transfer money to sber by phone number without commission. open a deposit in the application.

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or cashback on everything, but what about work, family is more important, you can rely on vtb, on you, transfer your pension to vtb take care of your loved ones, there is a discount season at the megamarket, millions of products at bargain prices, buy dry dog ​​food brief premium for 3,715 rubles. megamarket. ivan musk will restore sight to the blind, the famous billionaire promised the world another technology on the verge of a miracle. as part of the neurolink project , a fundamentally new chip is being developed - blindside, thanks to it, musk assures. even those who have not seen anything since birth will gain sight, the invention has already been given. assessment

by specialists from american supervisory authorities, it was called a quote: a breakthrough device. the food and drug administration the u.s. food and drug administration has granted the company's new device. neurolink has been granted breakthrough status, meaning it is considered a potential treatment for life-threatening conditions. this designation speeds up the development of the device. blansite is an interface that connects video cameras directly to the patient's brain. at first, the resolution will be relatively low, but in the future, it is planned to transmit an image to the head in hd format, and the person will also be able to see, for example, in the infrared ultraviolet range. it sounds like a miracle, however, as the ambitions of the famous entrepreneur grow, the chorus of skeptics grows, the company neurolink is criticized for insufficient transparency, but too little information is publicly available about the condition of the test subjects, for

plans that are too fantastic and unrealistic, according to some experts, what in the press releases of neurolink is worth believing, what is better to be cautious about, what is the current state of brain technology implants, and is it true that elon musk... a monopolist, how things are with the development of russian neural interfaces, this is a question of science, and today our guest is mikhail lebedev, professor at moscow state university, head of the neurotechnology laboratory of the institute of evolutionary physiology and biochemistry of the sechenov russian academy of sciences. mikhail albertovich, good afternoon, hello, in my opinion , after all, to teach the brain to see, if a person is blind, somehow, well, this is some kind of miracle, this is something like a gospel story, the blind received their sight and so on. this is a real miracle, especially when we are talking about the ultraviolet range, thermal and so on, how realistic is it or, because the internet now blares a lot of things, it's a miracle, but it is technically feasible, by the way i want to say that blindside, as

elon musk called his development, is not quite the correct name, this is scientifically, it is something else, this is when a person's visual cortex is damaged and he does not see, but the subcortical zone to him. and we bypass the eye, we don't need the eye now, well now we stimulate either, say, if the eye is affected, the retina is affected, but you can stimulate other layers, say, ganglion cells and cause sensations, you can stimulate the optic nerve, you can

stimulate the visual parts of the thalamus, you can stimulate the visual cortex , actually this is the main approach now, stimulation of the visual cortex, that is, you can have it there. there will be modified vision, such an expansion of visual functions, well, that is , electrical signals are really important to the brain, and what do they come from, in what range really, but it turns out that it is not so important, but how interesting, how will this infrared look, well probably like a thermal imager,

something lighter, it means that our brain is already initially made in such a way as to provide our natural sensory sensations. i understood, the eye, then, everything is really the retina, there is a lens, all this is bypassed, and if the optic nerve is dead, then it is still possible, if the optic nerve is dead, then the next, the next link is the thalamus, yes, well, it usually does not climb there, yes, because it can be seriously damaged, the next one is already

the visual cortex, and there are actually many zones there, there is primary, secondary, tertiary, a lot of visual zones, but the greatest interest is in... qualitatively, let's say, so far it's all extremely unnatural, that is, it's not

some kind of point, it's some kind of flash, it's not very bright, there was something like that, but the hope here is that having received such a channel, a person can practice, and the brain will plastically unify and learn to interpret this new information, so it will be better and better and better.

well, it will be an information bomb, of course. mikhail albertovich, well, as i understand it, in many ways it is your development,

ivan musk referred to you, or a joint publication? this is also a sensitive issue in the scientific world, as i understand it , there are problems with this in big business, but the question is not even about this, how feasible is everything, after all, in these, well, we have already talked about this a little, but after all, more specifically, to what extent can this entire technology be implemented in the future, what kind of, uh-huh, well as for my development, i was part of it, that is, a large number of scientists worked in this area, let's say, i worked with miguel nicolelis, by the way, he is known for his harsher statements regarding the mask, well, this could be some kind of jealousy, in the future , a lot can be realized, let's say, i will give my example that similar...

monkeys, in this way we can give the monkey tactile sensations, which means that all this can be transferred to humans, so it is clear that everything that we once started, uh, it is developing, developing, moving to medical applications, so here i am an optimist, here in our country it can exist, especially now in the current difficult conditions, regardless of ivan musk, that is, it is like absolutely yes already ours.

a turn on the head or headphones and this allows you to read the electroenciphogram in such a dry electrode mode, where you do not need to wear anything, no electrode gels and so on, it immediately begins to be read, you can track what happens to a person throughout the day, how he gets tired or

change emotions and give him some recommendations, so it works, it's practically at the level of what it does. gets the opportunity to communicate with the outside world, for example, type on a computer and this is another way to activate attention, so it helps people with a password, and also helps people with speech problems, also helps with mild dementia to improve attention, so a wide

range of applications in the context of rehabilitation after a stroke, everything goes yes, these things are used. in the medical field, non-invasive technologies, they have developed greatly, as for invasive technologies, well, here i would, for example, mention my colleague vasily popkov, who is now developing these technologies at moscow state university, they are printing very interesting electrodes that are placed on the surface of the brain, i think this will develop well, here in non-invasive, in invasive technologies we too... we will go up and go well, yes, well, thank god, but now, since science is such a field that you always have to talk about the downsides, here are the problems in these invasive technologies, which we are currently facing, well in russia, let's talk about russia, how serious are they, how solvable are they, what is solvable, what is not solvable, let's say, here,

then, the biggest problem for invasive technologies is the lack of biocompatibility, that is... as soon as we penetrate the brain with something, the brain and the body recognize it as a foreign body, it seeks to protect, we saw the same thing in the example of the last patients mask, that is, at the beginning their system worked, then something happened, it stopped working, that is, there is some kind of some kind of rejection, that is, so that in some cases i know from animal experiments that this can work for a long time, but... it is not yet guaranteed, that is , no, there is no complete guarantee, so, but it is interesting that in terms of stimulation, just this rejection does not play such a significant role, that is, if we inserted stimulating electrodes somewhere, and even if they are surrounded by connective tissue, they can no longer record, they

can still stimulate, so here are these plans mask create a visual prosthesis, i look at it optimistically, that's exactly it, well, probably, if i'm right, i'm not a doctor, but if i understand correctly, it's practically impossible to predict whether a specific individual will have rejection, yes, a specific brain or not, the system, yes, probably it will be extremely difficult in the future, or or it's possible, here i have some empirical experience on monkeys, it turns out that older monkeys survive this better, because the immune system is not as active and...

dobnogo program of darpa. american the us defense advanced research projects agency has been trying to create its own neural interfaces for many years and regularly reported on its successes, not hiding the fact that it was developing them in the interests of national security agencies, read the us army. but since 2022, news from darpa on the topic of brain chips has practically ceased to appear in the media. surprisingly, this coincided with the presentation of the second generation of neuroling implants and the demonstration of the first experimental animals. this initially leads. dual-use technology, in simple terms , plans to create a cyborg from a person, who will have the appropriate implementation of cyber-physical solutions to increase his potential, both ... and motor, here we are talking about increasing operational awareness, about including a specific fighter in a single circuit, information support of the battle, a person will be able to receive

the information that is received, for example, by a drone that is at altitude. it is quite obvious that the american military is at least closely monitoring the company's successes neurolink, and neurolink in turn, as if deliberately offers the world devices that would be very useful on the battlefield, for example, the declared ability of the blindside chip to grant a person. infrared vision, yes, this is a built-in thermal imager. this chip assumes the provision of functions of various types of vision, including, say, infrared. and again, if we analyze from the point of view of combat use, then this is an expansion of the range of application of optical communication channels for humans. suspicion is fueled by the fact that that almost all of the famous billionaire's startups eventually become part of the us military machine. elon musk dreamed of flying to mars and built heavy rockets for this purpose. now they launch into orbit almost exclusively satellites of the american and sometimes british army, or devices of the starlink group, which was presented as cheap internet to every home, eventually became a key element

of communication for the armed forces of ukraine. the current national defense strategy of the united states of america puts interaction with private sector, attracting private investment, small and medium-sized innovative enterprises, as one of the strategic priorities. and naturally, such large and well-known companies as those associated with musk, they play a big role in this regard. unite fighters in a network so that they exchange messages in radio silence mode, control fpv drones with the power of thought, or generally contactlessly hack enemy defense systems, well, would the pentagon miss such opportunities? we are back in the studio, mikhail bertovich, among critics of this businessman.

to direct him and so on, all this is possible in principle. here is such a question, after all, here are non-invasive chips, they may be, how much

less promising they are, maybe it is not necessary to drill a person's head, or is it still invasive on the other, i intuitively feel that this is more powerful, of course, technology, but here the floor is yours, how would non-invasive non-invasive interfaces be good if they always existed?

developments like neurodust, that is, some dust particles, no no no electrodes are placed in the brain they transmit information using ultrasound, so nanoparticles may also be someday very tiny nanoparticles will read information from the brain and transmit it there, so i think the future is still with invasive systems, but we are not yet at the stage where we will recommend this to everyone, it is not yet sufficiently understood, developed and safe, like you, well, of course , we also need to talk about the future, in science there are always some kind of forecasts, well, you already said that somehow you have a positive outlook on this whole thing approach, if so in the first approximation, but still, how widespread will it be, i even have such a question, in some

sense it is already widespread, because... if you look at cochliar implants, then almost a million people around the world have received such implants, a million people already have neuroprostheses, then there are implants in the spinal cord for, say, suppression of chronic pain, there are also a lot of people , deep brain stimulation stimulators, that is, an electrode is inserted somewhere 12 cm deep into the brain, it helps patients with the disease parkinson's to get rid of the symptoms of this disease, that is, it is already developing, and i think, gradually-gradually it will increase, well now, probably, wealthy people can mostly afford it, at some point, as a rule, these are expensive systems, that is , neurosurgery is needed here, not an expensive pleasure and

the technologies of these chips themselves too. all this is expensive, but gradually, as was with all other systems, take a phone, the phone was once a huge wireless one, a millionaire used it and it worked poorly, now any a person has a phone, it works well, it is accessible and inexpensive, so the same will happen with neuroimplants, and the most pleasant thing is that our country is apparently far from being in last place here,

it cannot be stopped, one day neurointerfaces will become for people what smartphones have become now, a gadget without which it is impossible to imagine life, how safe and reliable the technology will be depends on those who are now laying its foundation, professor of moscow state university, mikhail lebedev, answered questions from science. mikhail alberich, thank you very much for the interesting conversation, i learned, well, personally i learned a lot, thank you, it was very interesting to talk. the battles for the liberation of ugledar, what tactics our tankers marines chose, how offensive operations are being prepared and what our eduard punigov reports, popular among.

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