our veterinary services also come, choose honey from them, examine it, if everything is ok, a permit for trade is issued, only under such conditions can they participate in our fair. it's september, may honey is on the shelves, and in addition to the popular linden, flower and buckwheat honey, there is steppe, motherwort, forest, sweet clover, all kinds and you can't list them, as they say, for every taste and color, there is a more delicate variety, for example, like sporcet u... then the aftertaste is so high-quality with a delicate sourness, this is with peenzinskaya province, please try it , thank you, it's delicious, the kolomenskaya estate was chosen as the venue for the honey fair for a reason, so that producers from all over the country would not forget about the traditions of traditional russian beekeeping. kolomenskaya is not only the grand ducal and royal residence, but also... a very important

administrative and economic part of the palace district, there were flood meadows here, there were orchards, very favorable conditions for the development of beekeeping were formed, it was one of the main activities for local residents in the good old days, when honey didn't need to be proven to be natural. oksana poturkina, mikhail kiselev, andrey belyakov, irina chumikova, the senate program. that's all, these were the results of the week in the federation council, see you next week. five people, including a child, were killed in an explosion at a gas station in the suburbs of makhachkala, the ministry of emergency situations reported. another 10 people were injured,

we'll find out all the latest information from our correspondent sarkar magomedov, he's in direct contact with us, sarkar, hello, what is known about the fate of the victims, and are there any new details? yes, hello, the victims are receiving all the necessary assistance right now, information has already appeared from the city clinical hospital that one of the seriously injured was successfully operated on, it is reported that his life was saved and i will note that the victims, despite the explosion at the gas station, mainly have injuries not from burns, not some kind of blast, but fractures, because there was a strong blast wave, we are now in front of that very gas station, it is meters from us 10-15, if you see, then there above the zareva gas station, or rather not even above the gas station itself, its building was practically destroyed by the blast wave, and the fire is now spreading over the territory of the technical center next door,

whether there are people under the rubble, it is impossible to say for sure now, because this information, probably, cannot be confirmed now, right now the rubble is being cleared and at the same time extinguished, there are several versions of what happened, according to one of them, the explosion at the gas station could have occurred due to a gasoline spill, according to another versions in the catering establishment at the gas station in the area where the gas cylinder was located, for some reason it could have exploded. this is one of the versions, there are other versions, but the exact cause, of course, is the investigation, they are all here now, the investigative committee, the prosecutor's office, all law enforcement agencies. the head of dagestan sergey melikov also arrived at the scene, who, of course, first of all - ordered to provide all necessary assistance to the deceased victims. i suggest listening to the excerpt. the victims who needed help, as of today day they are being helped, now.

we are still clarifying the number of victims and the number of dead, i can say one thing, that both, unfortunately, are there, that is why the main efforts of the rescue services are now on extinguishing the fire, localizing this source and identifying the consequences, this is the main thing now. i can say that among the dead victims are not only the gas station employees, not only visitors, perhaps those who were filling up their cars at that moment, but also people who had absolutely no connection with what was happening at that moment relations, it is also reported, for example, about a child, unfortunately, who died, who was simply returning home from additional classes, and as i have already said, the families of the deceased, by order of the head of dagestan, will be provided with all necessary support, the government of the republic will gather for an emergency meeting, and of course everyone will monitor the progress of the investigation. and if

the perpetrators are identified, and they will be identified, then a preventive measure will already be chosen for the criminal case, information has appeared that... the national project new atomic energy technologies will be launched next year, it is designed to consolidate russia's global leadership in the nuclear sphere, the president said. such a need and what problems are on this path, we talked about this today with the president of the kurchatov institute, mikhail kovalchuk. mikhail valentinovich, hello, thank you for finding the time, an extremely important topic, this is a new national project, atomic technologies,

energy technologies, what vladilaevich spoke about, and in a little more detail, if possible, about what are we talking about so that we can understand, firstly, why we have such a need. that nuclear energy today is the cleanest in the sense that there are no emissions, so you light a match, you light a match, co2 has already appeared and there is a sea of ​​all sorts of buts, sos and so on, you have a spontaneous separation of heavy uranium nuclei, conditionally, you have nothing that is released only

heat, nothing, you have only one, that is, nuclear energy is absolutely clean, in this sense environmentally friendly, green and so on, it has one drawback, spent nuclear fuel, yeah, you have... fuel lying in the fuel rods, some of it burns out there, and the rest remains there, and during the process of work, nuclear reactions occur, a lot of all sorts of fragments are formed, hell, what kind of nuclear reactions, and there is a lot of stuff there, it's all radioactive, this radioactive stuff needs to be buried until the radioactivity drops to a certain level, so there are special methods, for example , vitrification, pouring liquid glass and so on, so that it stands there for a huge number of years, and it's like...

the question is that after chernobyl , a special nuclear energy safety division was created at our institute in kurchatsky, in which all the parameters of what happened in chernobyl, what happened in america in the tide, all possible options were analyzed, special stands were created on which so-called beyond-design-basis accidents were simulated, that is, accidents that in principle cannot happen, that is, purely theoretically beyond...

so today everything has come down to the fact that people are using ready-made solutions, they do something, they assemble something, they sell something, you have to

understand that behind all this, especially in such a complex science-intensive field as nuclear energy and nuclear technologies in general, the basis is science, this science is present every minute, every second, firstly, the future depends on it, but today's security and guaranteed work today depend on it, therefore the role of science in this field, where it is simply impossible... so to speak, to underestimate, it must be overestimated, because science is the main thing here, this is very important to understand, and you understand this from the president saw, because i think, according to you , not everyone understands this, in my opinion, not everyone understands, the president understands it very well, but it is important that people who are, so to speak, in the field understand, they should people, managers, who are doing something there, do it perfectly, but they should understand that they should precisely coordinate their actions. on the implementation of this or that with the people who came up with it, who are deeply immersed in it

, understand it very well, this is the first thing, then everything will be safe, everything will be great to work, this is the first important thing, that is , necessarily along with managers who are brilliant at turning an idea into a product, into money, to make such a capacious economy, they must rely on the expertise of a fully qualified person every minute, a scientist. who understands all this, this is first of all, therefore, if we are talking about this, i will say, in the soviet union there was a very correct instrument, there was an institute of scientific director, here the first one was created there, here on a submarine, it was well done, kurchatov institute, specifically academician anatol petrovich aleksandrov, the then director of kurchatov, was the scientific director of the project, for the icebreaker, for the boat, he was the scientific director, that is, he... held the whole field, the ideology, the idea, what kind of reactor, how, why, there and so on,

then, when it came to the boat, there was the designer of the ship, it was peregudov, this was a specific person who was responsible for the ship, and then there was specifically the chief designer of the reactor installation, but the scientific director of both the reactor installation, the whole the installations in general were alexander, only together with the agreed or it was possible to make these decisions, and today it often turns out that... the department, conditionally, i don’t want to talk about anyone now, specifically and what, it gives out money, decides for itself what to do, who to give it to, what to do, and then for 3 kopecks it wants to hire scientists in order to ask something somewhere or to cover up, it is necessary to complete this system, to restore the correct soviet one, in this part of the obviously effective system, well, that is , when specific people, precisely from a scientific point of view viewpoint, having competence, they determine this, there must be a scientific leader, well, listen, here... they throw you the idea of ​​hydrogen energy and then discuss how they will drive hydrogen through pipes, not

understanding that hydrogen is brittle, these pipes will burst, i don’t understand that hydrogen is oxygen, maybe they didn’t learn it at school, maybe they forgot that hydrogen and oxygen are explosive gas, all this will fly off like hell, not to mention a lot of other things, in addition, not knowing and not remembering that hydrogen energy in the world arose in 1974 kurchatov institute. on the initiative of anatoly petrovich aleksandrov, who said, look, today we have nuclear power working perfectly, all this was before the chernobyl era and then he decided that it would be possible to supply hot water, electricity would already be made by reactors, for example, in nizhny novgorod this project had already been implemented, yeah, but the question was that further it was necessary to understand a simple thing, that like power engineering provides all the electricity, but electricity is only there... conditionally the third or 20% of the total energy balance, except for electricity, and

the rest is heat supply, it is gasoline, fuel for engines, ships, cars and so on, then it was decided, then they did not know how to redistribute reactor electricity from nuclear power plants, it is not in demand at night, let's convert it, store it, like hydrogen, let's conduct it as a kind of battery exactly like that, and let's convert it, roughly speaking, into hydrogen, a battery, and then you had this thing, then there was...

after the western injection, they did not talk about it they hear, that's the problem, you know, then, you know what the thing is, there are smart people and scientists, but what has changed today, you had a very simple system, there was a scientific director, then there was a scientific designer, a technologist and then the chain developed in a controlled manner, today what it turns out, you have kb, they do something, they, what do kb, any, they do what... in scientific minds and institutes it was invented decades ago, here rusatom produces a great atomic one, but they were developed at the kurchatov institute 50 years ago back, then this is evolutionary modernization, there is nothing new, in principle, but thank god, and there shouldn’t be, it gives reliability and this, this is just the result of

correct, coordinated, well-coordinated work, the success of nuclear energy today, but now... we are talking about something new, and something new is something that can only be created within the walls of scientific laboratories, or has already been created to some extent, and there should be a transfer into practice, so it has always been difficult with this, why? i’ll tell you, in this there is, so to speak, such a an existential problem, it is a global one, but in our case it looks especially bright in today's business, because there are no administrative mechanisms that existed in soviet times, and...

and so on, you have production, you have made a new plant, here is the chromatron in moscow, you have invested huge amounts of money, you have one workshop - this is a furniture workshop, you plan boards, varnish, paint, polish, make a box, the second workshop is a glass-blowing workshop, it blows out these huge pipes, the third one applies chemical leminofor inside there, the fourth one makes iron. a transformer, high-voltage units, which then they do electronic reconnaissance of the beam in the polyno tube, this is your production, you produce a tv, they sell it, i come to you and say: look, i have a crystal screen, i say: go away, it’s not profitable, of course, well and then i come again after some time, i don’t need you, because then you bring conditionally, i’m running

ahead, you bring me a tv, already liquid crystals, a screen, well, imagine , why do i need it, i have a production that produces a tv, which buys, that means me, and you tell me you suggest doing it, but this is a completely different technology, it doesn’t need a wooden box, it needs liquid crystals, microelectronics are completely different, you don’t need hardware for scanning, a high-voltage block, that is , a tv, but the principle is completely different, no one needs a plant, so what happens, a very simple thing happens, first i will ... drown you so that you don’t float up, obviously, you don’t interfere with my business, then at the second stage i will buy you and hide you, but if you live and something you bring such a screen, then like this, then like this, i see that you haven't died, then i'll start investing a little money in you, look, let's make a portable tv, yeah, let's make a portable one, then look, a laptop

has appeared, yeah, yeah, i'll do it quietly, and you go on, i'll release my own. tv, finally, you've made it, i see a tv, then i'll take, say, some country, i, siems, philips, i'll take some country where everything is cheap, in this case korea, and quietly, i'll make an lg company there, samsung, lg, gold star, it was called then, i'll start making these tvs, little by little, little by little, as a result they... tvs, i will reduce the number of tvs we produce smoothly, without losing the market and money, then i, when everything stops there, i will roughly say,

rename this goldstar lg to samsung and whatever else is there today that produces these unique chic oleds and they make these tvs, but i will not close my plant, i will conduct an advertising campaign and write that this is a throwaway tv, these ones with a tube are. and now we have not heard this, then firms appeared, in my youth, in i worked in japan, there were companies, sharp,

okay, pioneer, well, the legendary huge, and today there is nothing, there is only sony left, sony remained, and what does this mean that it is the same telefunkin, the same grunding, the same siemens, there was a variant of the samsung carnation.

we want to do this in the system, what did the soviet government do, we need an airplane, they gave the command, they did not count anything, guns instead of mass and as much as needed, so many of these airplanes were made, that's all, and today we act in a market way, and the market way. means we need at least to make an airplane without loss, i say roughly, i am not an economist, but so roughly, in order to make a wide-bodied airplane without loss, here to develop it, it is necessary to manufacture a series of 300 pieces, to break even, we do not need so many airplanes, we roughly need 100, so for us this is an initial loss, so commercially this project cannot be realized for us, here for china for a thousand such airplanes, and for them it is profitable, that is, the question is: what is economically unprofitable, although it is obviously necessary, economically unprofitable, and until today we lived in this model, and today we have to think,

we then preserve the lag, of course, it means we have to, they don’t give us an airplane anymore, it means, that’s absolutely right, it means we have to do it so that we can do something new, yes, it means administrative help is needed, but not to cross the market limit, because otherwise our stores will be empty again. these are new principles and there are two new principles: one principle is thermonuclear fusion, it’s like, it’s copying, copying the sun, there

here in nuclear power engineering the division of heavy atoms, and there is the synthesis of light, hydrogen isotope, and this principle was first proposed in the world, implemented in the fifties at the kurchatov institute, now it is developing at full speed, but today it finds its place in the general system of creating green energy. the second part - this means waste, so that energy becomes green, it means that you need, therefore the launched mechanism of the reactor on slow neutrons, you have a neutron flying out of an atom of uranium or plutonium, it does not matter yes, and then it has a fairly high speed, it will fly away, it is important for you that it hits another one, they come out again, that is, you need to touch a lot, so that there is heat, you need to slow it down, you thermalize it, that is, it flies out not ... air, but either ultra-pure graphite or heavy water is put there, it is a thermalizer, it slows it down, it moves at a lower speed, therefore there are more collisions, yeah, so this is a reaction to

thermal neutrons. and there is a fast neutron reactor, but they work on a different fuel, as today there is 235 uranium, enriched 38, and they work, let's say, for example, on what is waste in slow in thermal reactors today, in particular , it is formed there, which is used in weapons, so now you have launched fast reactors, we were also among the first here, we had fast reactors working, i will not. a concept arose, that's why we, so criticize it was, so, now to say, this concept has been worked out, for which here was the president, a decision was made to give a state prize, so, this is the concept of the nuclear project 2.0 of a closed fuel cycle non-green nuclear energy, well, this is a revolution in this, of course, this is a revolutionary thing, you took uranium, here is a radioactive substance in nature, took it, passed it in thermal reactors from electricity.

really, well, it doesn't matter how much you then, what was there as waste, had to be stored, you launched, i say very much, then they will say to me that kovalchuk is semi-literate, not only, i speak schematically, so that it is clear to the average person what is being discussed, because as soon as i start explaining in detail, we will not have enough time and the second no one will do anything won't understand, so you took the fuel, here it had a certain, you put it in those nuclear reactors, which today are thermal, yes on thermal neutrons, worked, huh? the working ones took the fuel, processed it, but it became fuel for fast ones, and the fast one, in its time, working , produces fuel further again back to those, from where it turns out a closed cycle, and if you are to this closed cycle, then there is no waste, attach some kind of accelerator , which burns what is called minor actinides, these fragments of americium curie highly radioactive parts, it is not radioactive residues at all, then you put.

poppy is a device called by the russian word, but we have proposed and are implementing a fundamentally new thing: you have uranium and limited reserves, this uranium cycle, roughly speaking, it may end quite soon, but we have a lot of thorium in dumps, in waste, so if this thorium is irradiated with fast neutrons, then it turns into the necessary fuel for, so such an application arose: here you have

such, now we with ... create a thermonuclear a neutron source such as not as a source of artificial electricity, but as a source of neutrons, we surround it, a wall of thorium and the emitted neutrons convert thorium into fuel, thus we have a closed fuel cycle and an infinite supply of fuel for thousands of years, here is the answer, this is prirodope, but i can tell you a lot more interesting things about direct conversion, but let's meet with you sometime. thermonuclear fusion in the world, for the first time in the fifties at the kurchan institute the idea of ​​magnetic plasma confinement was realized, well, the plasma in the sun is tens of millions, we have

hundreds of millions of degrees of plasma, there is no material that can hold it, it was invented to create a magnetic field, in a vessel made of a magnetic field lies this plasma cord with a temperature of hundreds of millions, then you extract electricity from it, whatever you want, but now you extract neutrons from it and provide yourself with fuel for 1.00 years, here you are the second and we are the first, and today we are the first in proposing this idea and its development of a complete fuel cycle, and we are in the last several years have carried out a huge amount of work, in particular. launched in the krutchak institute a fundamentally new one, this is a theroidal chamber thermonuclear installation, which is a prototype of a thermonuclear neutron source, that's all, and i am very surprised that we are still the first here, because after all, competitors are not asleep, they do, but we remain the first here, absolutely, were, are and will be, mikhail valentin.