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of italy's weakening, to seize the military-strategic initiative from it to establish control over the bustling channel ourselves, that is, well, as if to replace the italians here on the battlefield, to make them a junior partner. capture of northern egypt and the suet canal. on april 1, 1941, rommel's afrika korps advanced east and unexpectedly attacked british troops. to intimidate the enemy,

rommel ordered the vehicles to be camouflaged as light tanks. the british were not prepared for the sudden attack. taken by surprise, they were in complete confusion and retreated along... the entire front. italian libya was returned to its former owner. the germans managed to capture several large cities and weapons depots. rommel triumphed. on the occasion of his victory, he chose a pair of captured british tank goggles for himself and began wearing them on top of his cap as a special distinguishing mark. the italian commanders begged the german general to stop and go over to the defensive. but rommel ignored their request. he ordered his units to immediately cross the desert to bypass the enemy fortifications and surround the british in the eastern part of libya, kerenaika. he gave his officers only one day to refuel. on april 4, 1941, the german

the column entered the desert, considered impassable. commander of the fifteenth tank division. puyu, covered with hot sand, shrouded in impenetrable clouds of dust. this was the tactic of such maneuverable groups that penetrated great distances, taking advantage of the fact that this was a completely deserted landscape, and there

was nothing to cling to, as they say. this was the tactic of uninhabited groups, which often included one or two infantry battles with tanks, they were all exclusively provided with motor transport, such fast. maneuvers they allowed, among other things , to enter the rear of the troops and thus cut this non-existent front and take certain strategically important cities and towns. romel relies on decisive actions, when he first arrived, he did not even wait for the second division, he went on the offensive with one division. the announcement was not expected, this was romel's first success, and after that romel relied on precisely such attacks, and ... he, as practice has shown, in general, was, probably, not a strategist, but he was good, that is, to create a fist of 50 tanks to strike in one direction, where there would be 10 tanks against him, although there were 200 of them at the front, that is, he knew how to choose, he felt,

plus he was, romer, what is called a field commander, he was always at the forefront, he flew out on a plane to control all this, that is, he was exactly this kind of field commander. the city of tobruk, the germans failed to seize it right away, the consequences of crossing the desert. rommel again threw his units into the assault on the city, but each time they retreated with heavy losses. the reports from the african front seriously worried berlin. the chief of command of the wehrmacht ground forces, general halder, who called rommel an arrogant soldier, sent major general friedrich von paulus to inspect the african corps. after listening to the latter's report, halder wrote in his diary. a very bad situation has developed in africa.

romel has openly disregarded all our instructions. and now the situation is a situation that our supplies... can't cope with, this guy has absolutely no sense of proportion. the military actions in north africa, respectively.

because of the heat, engines overheated, radio communications failed, men were tormented by clouds of insects, fierce sandstorms and sweltering heat. soldiers in steel helmets suffered from severe headaches caused by dehydration. at night, soldiers wrapped themselves tightly in blankets to protect themselves from scorpions. a participant in the battle for tobruk, general von ezebeck, wrote: "the summer heat has struck."

had a special military uniform, it was a lightweight cotton uniform, if we look at the photographs it is so wrinkled, it always looks like that, but it is wrinkled precisely because it was natural fabric, and these were tropical helmets, which were later replaced by the corresponding cap, and there was corresponding lightweight equipment, with the exception of armored forces, because from the very beginning the germans supplied very serious tanks there, we know that tigers fought there, among others, that is, from the point of view armored corps... the troops immediately surpassed not only the italians, but also the british, whose armored vehicles were seriously inferior in quality to german equipment.

the range of an autonomous campaign of most tanks of that time did not exceed 160-180 km. italian gasoline was of such low quality that it was often not suitable for german vehicles. rommel soon had to admit that without timely delivery of fuel and water, it was impossible to carry out major military operations. it happened that the troops did not have enough food, italian army canned food, which themselves the italians jokingly called him a dead arab, the german soldiers called him a butt. many suffered from dysentery and other infectious

diseases carried by flies. the commander of the 115th infantry regiment, colonel von herff, recalled. shivering, stomach diseases were rampant. this happened once a month, and you began to feel terribly weak. after three days of illness, i was so weak that in one day. in any case, all of us african warriors, both soldiers and officers, could not wait for the end of this companies, and we told ourselves, we'll never set foot in africa again, these were field conditions, it was unsanitary, by the way, desander and other diseases there, they occurred en masse in these conditions absolutely.

the reich fell upon the soviet union. the fighting in north africa remained in the shadow of the grand battles.

destroyed and not plundered, companies, not a single village or city "the fighting here is not distinguished by horrors, like the indescribable disasters of the russian the english here approach everything rather in a sporty way, the thing is that the war in north africa was fought between the occupiers, both on one side and on the other, that is , later, a legend will arise, both on the german side and on the english side, that it was a knightly war, why? that the local population did not take part in it, that the english despised the local population, that the germans despised the local population, the natives

were generally not involved in the war, that is, the war was waged by two foreign armies. to local women with an appeal to prepare ball gowns to celebrate the imminent victory of the wehrmacht. delighted with the success of the african corps, hitler expected egypt to be captured soon. he wrote to musalina. rommel's victory is

a turning point in the entire african campaign. visits warriors only once, whoever does not seize them at such a moment will never see them again. mussolini was so confident of success that he brought with him to the port of derna a magnificent gray horse, on which he expected to receive the victory parade in the egyptian capital. however, rommel failed to realize the cherished dream of the fuhrer and duch. in early july 1942 , despite rommel's efforts, it was not possible to take, despite the fact that they took tobruk, this is such a, well, key city, they still could not reach cairo and again could not take this bustling canal, which in the plans of the germans was precisely as an important

waterway that would provide them with uninterrupted communication with the indian ocean for the supply of weapons. on august 3, 1942 , british prime minister winston churchill visited cairo. he appointed lieutenant general bernard mangomery as the new commander of british troops in egypt. a professional soldier, mangomery was veteran of world war i. in 1940 , he commanded a division near dunkirk.

that is, he could accumulate forces, and the enemy could not accumulate them. in early november 1942, during the second battle, the british army. on november 4, 1942, more than 300 american

military transport ships entered the mediterranean sea. in the ports of algiers, oran and casablanca, they landed a force totaling about 110 thousand people. french. plus this is the first combat experience of fighting the germans, this experience was considered very important for the reasons that it was both it's called a test, to what extent we can really

fight the germans, because they had never had any experience of war before, the landing did not involve any resistance, they landed on a virtually clean coast and they did not experience any resistance, that is, they knew in advance that there would be no losses here, by the end of forty-second year in general... the north african campaign was doomed, the italians and the germans could not resist, they could not accumulate enough forces to carry out aggressive operations, the peace was broken logistics, that is, the british were constantly strengthening their presence in the mediterranean, as a result, tanks were sent to kromel, they were sunk on the road, they did not swim across, transport with gasoline was also sunk, there was a complete paradox that one of romel's offensives began... after romel unexpectedly received a convoy, that is , the convoy passed, the british missed it, and romel immediately crossed, he simply refueled there. there was a situation when at some point

the tanks stopped, he simply, they simply stopped, they simply did not go, there was nothing to refuel. by the end of 1942, due to constant exposure to the desert, erwin rommel's health had deteriorated sharply.

hitler categorically forbade the evacuation of the african corps. on may 9, 1943, rommel was recalled to germany and sent on leave. three days later, on may 12, the remnants of the german italian troops capitulated on the bode peninsula. about 240 thousand people were captured, including 12 generals. in total, the battle of africa claimed the lives of

about 80 thousand people. for comparison, on the neva patch alone near leningrad, an area of ​​about 2 km, the ussr lost almost as many soldiers as all european countries in battles on the territory of north africa. by and large, the actions of the italian-german troops did not distract themselves from very large enemy forces, that is, to say that they prevented the opening of a second front, no, in general no, they did not achieve success in general, take tabruk, yes, this is a success for romel, but for germany this is not a special success, for germany a success would have been cutting the soviet channel and reaching the middle east, this would have been a success, this success was not achieved. the capitulation of the italian-german group, yes, it played a certain role in influencing the german people, but

more were captured there than at stalingrad. but the overall damage was less than the set-ups, that is, well, yes, it was a defeat for germany, already from the allies, that is, it turned out that the allies could also beat germany. on july 9 , 1943, anglo-american troops landed on sicily and a month later completely captured the island. two weeks later, benito musalini was removed from the post of prime minister of italy and arrested. in those same days, the kurdish battle began on the soviet-german front, a battle that finally changed the course of world war ii in favor of the ussr and its allies in the anti-hitler coalition.

mom, what are these letters for? for a fairy tale. in the three ninth kingdom, the three tenth state. explosions thundered again in ukraine last night, the rumble was heard in several

regions of the country, in odessa. as local publications report, two series of strikes occurred with a difference of only a few minutes, the sounds of detonation were heard in the capital of the neighboring region, nikolaev. the consequences have not yet are being specified. a little earlier, reports of explosions came from the sumy region and the part of zaporizhzhia under the control of the kiev regime. in the border area of ​​the kurdish region , russian pilots destroyed a vso unit. the crew of modernized k-52 helicopters struck the enemy's armored vehicles and manpower. instead of on... immediately after the attack , the pilots carried out anti-missile maneuvers and returned to their airfield. it became known which maneuver of russian troops was key to the liberation of the coal mine. our attack aircraft reported that the decisive role was played by bypassing the city and attacking from the flanks. this allowed the ukrainian armed forces unit to be squeezed into a pincer movement.