that the famine in ukraine was organized by the damned muscovites in order to kill the ukrainians for their desire for independence, what can a schoolboy grow out of this, at best , this is a person who will approve of punitive actions in donbass, at worst - this is a person who will kill, precisely because he will consider these people enemies of his nation.

in 1831, during the polish uprising, all the students of the crimean lyceum, russians, little russians, poles, went to fight, to defend the independence of poland. several more graduates in the crimean war on the side britain, stormed russian sevastopol. one of them, the publicist and historian franciszek duchinsky, wrote. muscovites are neither slavs nor christians. they remain nomads. will remain nomads forever. however, the most famous student of the polish professors was nikolai kostamarav, one of the greatest russian historians of the 19th century, a graduate of kharkov university. who is he? this is a man who devoted his entire life to the destruction of the russian empire. in 1845 , kostamarav created kirill in kiev the methodius brotherhood, a circle of young intellectuals, students and teachers.

they were the first in russian history to declare: ukraine is not malorossia or russia. it is a separate country, inhabited by a special people, the ukrainians. the cyril and methodius brotherhood was the first such intellectual circle, but it was the one that created the structure of the future ukrainian identity. an active participant in the brotherhood was panteleimon kulish, also a pupil of polish teachers, an ideological ukrainian nationalist. he was the first to create an alphabet for the little russian dialect, which hastened to declare a full-fledged language of the new nation, the ukrainian language. for example, since the time of romanticism there was a desire for a national language, of course, it was a local language, a national language approximately in the dniester region, different from the one spoken in poltava. here , just take a local dialect, codify it somehow, formalize it, a couple of letters'.

the ukrainophile magazine "osnova" closed in the early sixties of the 19th century, because it had no subscribers. yes, kulish books were published in the little russian dialect, but they printed them in the usual russian alphabet. the kiev, kharkov, poltava intelligentsia and nobles spoke, wrote, read in russian. they did not understand why a new language should be invented. in the middle of the 19th century, every educated person in russia knew that the literary russian language was created,

including by the kiev enlighteners. the literary russian language spoken in russia was created by the southern rusyns, who in their time, in the times of peter the great and even before peter, this was already the end of the 16th century, played a colossal role in the establishment of russian kingdom, then the russian empire. before peter i , the russian literary language, the language of office work, was incredibly difficult, poor, very far from the spoken language.

russian scientists and educators laid the foundations for the future all-russian academic science, so if we talk about the muscovite language, then this is nothing more than high. the kiev language of the 18th century, which very organically fit into the great russian civilization, but contrary to common sense, liberal circles of intellectuals in malorosiya continued to propagate the ideas of ukrainianism and the spread of the ukrainian language. many went to the people, brought ukrainian literature there, but these books were printed not in russia, but abroad.

the austrian emperor was an objective ally for the rusyns in the fight against their own polish landowners, and the australians , so to speak, at a certain stage, made a bet on supporting this rusyn movement. the viennese court carried out tough reforms, reduced the corvee in vienna at the uniate church of st. barbara. the first theological seminary was opened for teaching greek catholic priests and teachers from galicia, russian. the upper class of society, the ruthenian ruling class, was extremely loyal to austria, since there it was possible to obtain certain concessions that had not existed in

poland before. loyalty to austria was perceived as a counterweight to polish superiority. ruthenians, ruthenian leaders placed their hopes on austria in order to obtain a greater degree of autonomy and independence from polish tutelage. ruthenians probably became the most loyal subjects of the viennese court. during the polish uprising of 1809 and the hungarian uprising of 1848, the ruthenians took up arms on the side of the emperor of austria. in the battles, the russian regiment demonstrated considerable bravery.

a united people, no matter where they lived, in lvov, kiev, moscow. in lvov, they began publishing the russian newspaper zarya galitskaya, any of us can easily read it. there are dialect words in the texts, but this is undoubtedly the russian language, the issue dated march 9 , 1850.

in 1859, in vienna,

the work of the czech philologist josef was published in german irochuk. it was called about the proposal for rusyns to write in latin letters. it was printed in the government printing house at state expense on behalf of the imperial ministry of education. from the brochure by joseph irochuk. as long as rusyns write and print in cyrillic, they will show a tendency towards russianism. church slavonic and russian influence is so great that they threaten to completely displace the local language and local literature. it was not possible to force rusyns to switch to latin. then the austrian authorities decided to form a new language system spelling based on the already existing alphabet of pantileimon kulesh. the local dialect of kolitsiysky, which was spoken by the galician peasantry, began to be called the ukrainian language proper. osip manchelovskiy of galicia in the seventies of the xix century described the process of creating a new language as follows.

each of the professors of lviv university has his own special independent and native language. in essence, it is not a language, only an artificial mixture of russian, polish, and words and expressions arbitrarily invented by each of the ukrainians. pantileimon kulish. towards the end of his life, having moved away from the ideas of little russian nationalism of ukrainianism, he was horrified by what was happening in galicia, how its alphabet was being used, but he had already created the ground for the formation of identity, nothing could be corrected. from a letter from kulesh to a galician scholar, teacher of the ukrainian language, emelyan partitsky. i swear that if the poles print my spellings, the reversal of our discord with great russia.

"it was difficult for a christian to immediately cross over from a rusin to a ukrainian, it was difficult for him trample what was sacred and dear to him, it was even harder for him to understand why ukrainian professors somehow vaguely, cunningly,

fornicatingly change rus to ukraine and confuse one name with another. so that soldiers called up from different parts of the empire could at least somehow understand each other. the phrasebook was published in six languages: german, hungarian, polish, czech, croatian and russian. there was no place for the ukrainian language in the phrasebook. they say that this is an artificial language, i can say as a cultural studies expert that it is in this language that one can and

speak and can write. compose literary works, but the question arises, why do ukrainians, or western or eastern ukraine speak russian, there are a lot of them in poland lately, they speak russian, i ask, are you russian, no, we are ukrainians, why do you speak russian, i don’t know, in 1898, the lviv publicist and russian public figure osip manchelovsky in the book literary and...

we save all the icons there property and we ourselves enter the building and will fight there to the end, as i understand it, to the last, at the same time on the cathedral square, the right sector, which arrived in odessa, begins to warm up the football fans and the youth who have joined the nationalists. hammer in a strong

hand, glory to ukraine! ukraine! ukraine! ukraine! ukraine! ukraine! enraged people attack the anti-maidan camp. glory to ukraine! in these days, a third of the right sector are ethnic russians, they have naturally all become ukrainians now, and this, by the way, is a clear confirmation of the fact that russian ukrainian identity is, therefore, communicating vessels, one flows over

in another.

he hits a peaceful city, at such a rate, i comment on my actions in russian, ukrainian artilleryman in donbass in the near future we will cover them, clean them up, glory to ukraine,

100 years ago in galicia in lviv, under these honors, katsaps were killed, that is, russians. they were killed by former friends, neighbors, acquaintances, even relatives. russians killed russians, all because now some of them considered themselves ukrainians. in 1914, in the first days of the world war , more than 2 thousand russians, politicians, peasants,

teachers, doctors. 300 uniad priests were killed only on suspicion that they secretly had sympathies for orthodoxy and russia. under the pretext they, russian spies, arrested innocent people. executed, this is a big black spot, but far from white austrian history, a huge mistake made by austria during 150 years of rule in galicia, thousands of russians were locked up in the first concentration camps in the history of europe talergov and terzi, the camps were studded with poles. prisoners hung by the leg and left for several hours. hundreds of people died from this torture.

istol'govsky almanac collection of documents of memories of the genocide of russians. austrian soldiers carry ready-made loops in their knapsacks. and wherever they can, on trees, in huts, in barns, they hang all the peasants for considering themselves russian. galician rus' turned into the terrible aspolinsky golgotha. they grabbed everyone indiscriminately. whoever recognized himself as russian or had a russian name. whoever had a russian newspaper or book, icons or a postcard found on him from russia. in punitive actions.

to the territory of russia, thus the pro-russian element in galicia was completely cleansed, we say ukrainian nationalism, we mean russophobia in the broadest sense

of the word. in november 1914, the austrian foreign minister leopold berchtolt said: our main goal in this war is the long-term weakening of russia, therefore, in the event of our victory, we will begin to create a ukrainian state independent of russia. at one time, the byzantine thinker, semeon of thessalonica, asked himself: what is people? and he himself answered it very accurately.

people -

28 years old, in lviv grushevsky lived in a large mansion, there is now a museum named after him, when he returned to kiev, he immediately bought a tenement house, almost all the townspeople knew him, they often called it the grushevsky house, in fact, this was the price for grushevsky's participation in the austrian political project. i do not know a single historian who would have earned so much money from his historical works that he could afford to buy a mansion in the center of the capital. how much did the otstritsy pay.

nationalism was created by two russians, both natives of malarusia: nikolai mikhnovsky and dmitry dontsov. there were also ethnic russians there. in fact, they were the founders of the fascist part of the ideology of ukrainian nationalism. kharkov lawyer mikhnovsky became the author of the slogan ukraine for ukrainians. he also formulated the 10 commandments of the ukrainian people's party, which he himself organized. do not

take a wife from among foreigners, because your children will be your enemies, do not be friends with the enemies of our people, because you give them strength and courage, do not create alliances with our oppressors, because you will be a traitor to ukraine, all people are your brothers, but muscovites, poles, hungarians, romanians and jews are enemies of our people. dmitry dontsov was involved in politics in the russian empire, after two arrests in... the union for the liberation of ukraine, the goal of which was to unite ukrainian nationalists in malorossiya to create an independent ukraine under the patronage of austria. dontsov received his salary in the austrian foreign ministry, until the end of his life the son of a melitopol landowner remained fierce russophobe. dantsov's ideology itself.