rotates out to sea. >> when we look at this cliff, can you tell us what of the features that we can see? >> we are lucky to have a very fresh exposure. there is a large overhanging block. at the very edge, you can see the roots coming out. they are part of the problem. in addition, these are sandstone and shale. they have been uplifted and faulted and put into the position they are in today. on the cliff face, you can see the bedding of the shale. there are vertical cracks that filled the water and plans is growing. -- and plants are growing. the cumulative effect of the

fresh cut with the debris sitting on the ledge, luckily we have a chance there to protect us from rocks going on the street. >> this is one type of rock salt and we will look at a few others. what will we see? >> i think it would be appropriate. we have been talking about rock salt. there is instability that occurs at telegraph hill. this was more in the earth flow and debris flow kind of movement. this moves downhill as a result of the rations from the earthquake. that is where we are headed next. >> here we are on the next stop

of our landslide for parent though this is the lagoon ouna a area. this is different from where we all were just add on telegraph hill. this is a whole different concept. tell us what we have to. we have the big hill behind us, what kind of formations do we have? >> this part of san francisco, we are out in the dune sands which makes up the hill to my right. a crusty old drainage that we are standing is bedrock, 160 million year-old sandstone. the project right in the hillside over there and then farther down along the path that goes to the reservoir.

>> there are rock slides, there is unconsolidated material. we have an earth float type slide and a debris flows which are common on the these hillsides where you start to see the evidence of creaks when the trees start to lean over. >> this is a slow movement of the slope. >> yes. you can start to get moving. that will push the trees over a little bit. this had a special history. we had a lot of damage here. i guess the water from leaking laguna runs underground out to golden gate park. it covers about two or three blocks along side to seventh

avenue. there was a lot of water damage we might have even had some liquefaction soil failure. we had a major failure. >> that's right. this tribute goes all the way to golden gate. this is in a mountain lake and beyond ththat, it was a surface flow. this is a reservoir. on my right is this defensive the positive dune sand. the wind blows, it comes from the ocean beach. because the sand is moving, you can see evidence along this side of the hill in 1989. the vibrations in accelerated. you have a significant amount of movement to the point that the

homes that uc had very severe damage for two blocks. we recognized what the problem was at the time, it was a matter of loose sand on a very steep slope. thank you for the effort. we were able to get federal funding and design which you see in the upper walls. the lower walls was actually billed as part of the wpa. the upper wall was built in 1991-'92. this is a concrete wall and it has rocked going through the wall that extends the distance of 80 feet beyond the wall. the next earthquake occurs, the wall is designed to resist and the movement of the sand and allowed it to move down hill. this is a classic example of the creek and degree flow and exists

all the way the area. we might see the other evidence. we have done nothing to improve the quality and the strength of the dam. >> one of the things that has come up in the policy issue over and over is that people are concerned that construction of a new building or the upper story might exacerbate these kinds of soil problems. we have extra review where we might have extra problems. it does that construction have an impact? it is a good idea to come to a peer review or a geotechnical review process as part of determining. >> in january of this year, the

california building code requires almost all of san francisco that we get geologist and a geotechnical engineer. it was a state building code rather than just the local requirements. >> as you recall, this was called the edge hill ordinance. >> is this the same kind of condition? >> this is more of the rock, all on one side and on the other side -- >> this is a combination. >> a lot of sand hills were scrapes down and deposited to other places without being

engineered or consolidated and people build on top of that. we have a whole change as the city surfaced. what is the deal with sand, is this a good place to build on? >> if you want to understand the properties and if you designed to mitigate any adverse effects of the settlement, this is the strongest. i live in the sunset, i have been doing this right on the other side of this hill. i see the same conditions exist here where we have the earthquakes and the sand shakes and it gets more dense. we see differential settlement of are on. >> they might have filled in a low land or a wet land and build on top of it.

this is a fully grated sand. seeing difficult to distinguish what was natural. you could be growing like we do and as difficult to distinguish the context between this and the natural sand. we have to go by its consistency. >> in san francisco, we have a tremendous resource. we have a collection of soyoil supported that goes back many decades and they cover the whole realm of the city. we have them at the apartment building inspections. someone understands what they are. you can look at them and read them and find one in your neighborhood. is that right? >> that is true. many geologists have spent many years mapping the geologic

conditions. there are excellent maps of the city. in fact, there are a hazard maps. in 1974, there was a landslide map. >> that's right. that is available at that apartment building inspection. these are excellent maps. >> there is a real legacy of geologists working and now cannot always published. san francisco has a great repository of some of these archives. there is a child just -- a geologist to publish letters that is a great source of information. we are on the coast, they have the definitive work for all of

the [inaudible] >> and did they pick up the old [inaudible] and wetlands? >> there was a map of those that weren' off the field. you can see where these are with respect to those that have been filled in with a debris from the 06 earthquake. >> that is one of the things i've learned, the very local zones, exactly where you are building at. side-by-side, san francisco is so varied in its tomography and geology, you cannot tell by looking at the site

specifically. >> this will be at the end of the drive. you can show which time we will be looking at out there. >> these are called rotational. >> there can be a lot of movement all at once. they can slowly creep for long amounts of time. >> here we are at the top of an escarpment that pretty much the end of the world.

it is windy and cold. just south of here is some also rock where the san andreas fault goes into the pacific ocean. this is closest to the san andreas fault. many people believe that the closer you are to default, the greater the ground motion might be. that is a portion that is a south westerly portion of san francisco that has some special earthquake hazards. we are here to talk about the geology of this area. why don't you tell us about what is going on? >> there is a giant step here at the edge of the escarpment, the edge of the landslide. all the land to the west of us is part of a landslide that is upwards of 200 feet deep. it goes underneath the ocean. it causes damage and it was

mapped by the earliest geologists'. there are many kinds of rocks here. there is a big sequence of merced formation. this is a base in deposit that was formed by the interaction at the end of the continental margin. >> this is just on top. this is the same material that we were looking at at the last site. you can see it is on our way to the last side. it is deposited here by wind. it is 40-50 feet thick.

this acts as a big sponge. the water flows through and it gets in a lower formation and then the water level starts to rise and it becomes a reservoir for water. this is dissipated during the more dry months of the year. >> this forms a big long skinny basin and runs into san francisco. it is the coastal bluffs areas that are subject to erosion from the waves and the ground water that comes out and you start to lose this. this is the largest example of failure for a long part of the coast. it has been moving continuously for a long time. >> the ocean was at the same

level as we are standing. in 1982, and massive slide occurred further to the north of and one day it moves 5 feet and by the second day it moves 30 feet out. all of that land down below was sitting out here. it was a great deal logic feature of the landslide further to the south. there were houses on top and there was a very steep slope. you can see some debris slides where the sand is slowing. then you drop into a gully or a drainage swell. the top of the landslides' is just a drop in the middle where another clock has pulled away from the edge. the higher hill on the outside edge of the rich and the depression is the drop.

surface erosion is an acute issue. >> you can see the evidence of the houses directly adjacent. we have similar conditions to that. if you go around the corner around the seacliff, where in fact there has been significant movement and in fact many of the homeowners along that portion of the seacliff have had to come back in and do extensive foundation repair and massive walls to protect the home while the slope [inaudible] >> here we have the shallow slides, a debris slides. during earthquakes, they are both activated and the movement on the deep sea slides accelerates as well as the

official material that erodes. >> if there's one point that is brought home from this discussion of landslides is san francisco is a part of the community that experiences many types of landslides, rockfalls, deportations. we need to be aware of the geologic and topographic setting we are in. when we are planning to build our home or buy a home or at additions to the home. if i have one suggestion, that is to seek information from the apartment building inspection. if you're not satisfied, there is ample information there.

a geologist needs an opinion of the stability of the environment you're in. >> the building department will typically require that kind of information. people will do a major edition. what we are wondering is why we require that information. >> great, thank you very much. it is terrific. it is fun to see a lot of the city. thank you.

>> i work with the department of environment and we are recycling oil. thank you. we can go into a refinery and we can use it again. they do oil changes and sell it anyway, so now they know when a ticket to a. hal>> to you have something you want to get rid of? >> why throw it away when you can reuse it? >> it can be filtered out and used for other products.

>> [speaking spanish] >> it is going to be a good thing for us to take used motor oil from customers. we have a 75-gallon tank that we used and we have someone take it from here to recycle. >> so far, we have 35 people. we have collected 78 gallons, if not more. these are other locations that you can go. it is absolutely free. you just need to have the location open. you are set to go.

>> mayor for the city and county of san francisco. >> tonight, san francisco has a new interim mayor. >> a few minutes ago, city administrator now interim mayor ed lee, emerged happy but humble. >> in 2011, a temporary or interim mayor was selected by the board of supervisors, what is an interim mayor? why do we need one? is it the mayor's supposed to be elected by san francisco voters? how did this happen? let's rewind the story a little and look at the people and complicated process that led to this historic transition. the last time san francisco had an interim mayor was 30 years ago, when, in 1978, george

mosconi, was assassinated by supervisor dan white. >> both to grow rather mosconi and harvey milk have been shot and killed. >> they needed a new mayor at the time. the board got together and appointed dianne feinstein. >> we did not have much to go on and looked at 1978. there were no hints as to who put it on the board, if any discussion occurred about a process. >> what triggered san francisco's search over 30 years later was gavin newsom's election to the office of lieutenant governor. >> i put myself up as a candidate for the tenant governor, won, thanks to the overwhelming support of the city. >> that is when we try to look for someone to take over his final year of the mayoral term.

>> it is clear we have to do something in san francisco. we have to pick a mayor. that job was not up to the voters but the board of supervisors. by a majority vote, supervisors are able to choose the interim mayor. that is when the fun began in city hall. who would he be? >> we needed to protect -- perfect the process so that once the board asked us for that process, we could actually have something in place that was well tested that we could provide to them. >> mayor newsom would be sworn in as lieutenant governor in early january. so the board of supervisors had barely two months after the november election to select an interim mayor to complete gavin newsom's term. but how would the board do this? san francisco's charter guided -- offered little guidance. >> although it was obvious we

would appoint an interim mayor, there was no time line for the two to occur. we looked to outside counsel for answers. they researched those questions. while they researched the legal angle, we began the research on the parliamentary level. at the beginning of the calendar year 2010, we started to craft a generic process for a successor for mayor. being a parliamentarian of the board, i have been working on the process itself. i have been working with two one and parliamentarians in the city. we did some role-playing and tried to contemplate all of the different variables that the board would encounter in appointing a successor mayor. >> the first time i became aware

of the process as when my editor and myself asked us how the process would work. we quickly became tongue tied and did not have an answer. you went to the clerk of the board of supervisors to ask, the difference supervisors, the city attorney's office how it would work, and no one really had the rule book on it, so they had to figure it out. >> just seven days after gavin newsom was elected to the office of lieutenant governor, on the member 9, the board of supervisors began to grapple with the responsibility of choosing an interim mayor. >> colleagues, i am concerned about the transition to successor mayor, in term mayor, for the city in -- and county of san francisco. we need a collaborative process. the earlier we get started, the better. >> with all these are the

questions about procedures, there was an extra twist. the city office recused his office. >> the city administrator recused himself from the beginning. he is running for mayor himself, so he did not want to have any ideas of conflict of interest. santa clara county will be providing information to the board of supervisors on how they can proceed. the board met again on the clinic to revisit the issue. >> it is my understanding there are at least four authorities that could potentially govern the process we are talking about. it is incumbent upon us that we have a process that is consistent with all of those things. >> on the member 16, you saw the board of supervisors direct me as the clerk to create a process that the board could utilize to nominate, select, and appoint a successor mayor. >> usually, when the board rules

are silent, the role of order is the controlling parliamentary authority. so my recommendation is that the sports that have a process, received a draft, and then make modifications to it as you see fit. >> how do you start the voting, when does a supervisor have to leave a room if he or she is nominated? at what promises to you begin taking nominations? >> what is not formal this town that is manifested, the details of it. it is a challenge. the last time we did this on when mayor feinstein became mayor -- supervisor feinstein became mayor, under difficult to infanta's. in this case, we had more for morning. we have the ability to come up with a deliberate process. >> we knew almost immediately it would be a challenge. the charter does not have time frames associated with how