looking for 20, 30 times returns. >> what is that? >> i put in $1 million and i get $10 million out. >> we do not know what that is an public radio. [laughter] >> ok, thank you. i would like to ask our guests to keep the questions short and sweet. we have a lot of questions. >> patch is built on ad revenue, but not in the -- it is not just banner ads. it is about serving the community. there is a business community as well. small business owners who knew to be served, the sorts of at products that benefit them. all of these are good, from non profit, to different models. you mean that variety.

i got an e-mail from taxable. i appreciate that. >> you have a question for pat as well? >> i think the business model in the media always changes. the big one that everyone has seen in their lifetime is, when i was a kid, tv was free. across america, it was funded by advertisers. today, the vast majority of americans pay a fee to get television. if the contact mix is right, hard journalism, entertainment, people will pay. all along the spectrum from the complete the paid to be completely ad-funded, you see it all today. one of the crisis we have now is the old model of classified advertising, paying for hard news journalism on paper has

broken the, and is being replaced. that business model change had been a constant for 150 years. there are millions of models that work, and will be, and capital can chase them, as you get a 10x return, as you described. >> we want to get to everyone's questions. >> my name is alex. i have heard two major themes about new media. one, that it has a radical democratic potential, low barrier to entry, but i have also heard repeated again and again, in order for your model to be successful, in order for your web site to be successful, you have to hitch your wagon to a large, well-funded, established media corporation. i wonder, in light of that, how new, really, is new media?

as the dust settles, is new media not just become the old media as it has been? how far have we come from a daily billing 60 years ago criticizing, saying the press is free only for those who own one. >> is a great question. i am going to go back to that first question, the quality of digital journalism. we are more than 15 years into internet news. still, you hear people say it is coming along. someday it will be good. quality journalism existed on the internet from day one. it was there. the internet journalists were winning awards from day one. there is a lot of noise surrounding it, which makes it seem worse, say, than "the chronicle." quality journalism is

there. the new part of the media is not a new types of stories being told, but how they are being told, short for nurses long form, and how they are distributed on your one newspaper or magazine or one website, versus to run the mobile universe, or threat the internet universe, portals. do you want to give 30% of revenue to apple in order to distribute it? lots of publishers are making that decision. it is the distribution from free tv to pay tv and the change from the free online destination media to mobile everywhere media and the creation of brands there. along with the business model, that is what we are working on. >> the want to go to the next question. we have to get to everybody. >> my name is peter bergen. i am an investigative reporter. i do not write content, i do not

right product. i do news reporting. i do not write material to put ads around. there are some assumptions coming from this gathering that i find troubling. many years ago, upton sinclair wrote a classical study of journalism. he said that the advertising model does not work. clearly, it does work, but the main thing that is missing from what everyone has been talking about so far is the consumer. when i read long form of journalism, which i write, i print it out. when i mounted an investigation of the region's last year of california, i collected about $7,000 from individuals and parlayed it into six print journeys, seven weeklies. got a lot of national coverage.

it made some difference in people's lives, but i did not take a dime from any corporation. ok? so let's talk about how we go back to the model where people who need investigation, news -- because my duty is not to reflect corporations. let us not be proud that we are moving forward because we do not have journalist unions anymore. that's going back to selling the news that people need, and get rid of the middle man, which is turning out to be a lot of publishers. >> first, thank you for bringing that up. a great question. it gives me the opportunity to talk about two things i am passionate about, perspective and poor people. neither one of those things are efficient -- artificial when it becomes to becoming an millionaire. there is a website that i really liked called poormagazine.

that has existed for the past 10 years, focusing on the homeless communities in the bay area. everything that they get is donations and they get few donations. they focus on the things that are ignored by the media outlets, and they are doing it specifically for the people on the streets. those are the kinds of people, the people that they are focusing on. but to be honest, they do not pay bills, they do not have money for advertising. the perspective that comes from those communities are often not what foundation's one. foundations usually go from labor of the month to flavor of the month. we are backed by foundations, so hopefully i am not biting myself in the ass. if you are foundation-funded, you have to focus on what the foundation wants. if you are advertising-focused,

you have to focus on what the advertiser wants. so where is the space for this marginalized community? i did a story two years ago that focused on west oakland, dealing with asthma rates. nobody in west oakland had the money to pay for it, but everybody read it. i know because i walked around and handed out paper copies of it. how do we focus on those organizations, the people who cannot do it themselves? i am sorry to answer your question with a question, but it is something i am passionate about. >> hello, i am just graduating high school this year. i plan to pursue a career in journalism. like others, i get a constant reminder that it is a struggling field. personally, i am not too concerned with money. i am just passionate about

journalism. like many others, i want to know what it is looking like for people like me, who are planning to pursue a career in journalism, what steps do i need to be taking? >> four years from now, i believe she will be out of journalism school, what will landscaped look like? >> it will look great because you are cheap labor. [laughter] and there is plenty of room for you to work their way up. if you really focus on digital skills that make you stand out from everyone else, you are going to make it. fundamentally, you need to write well. if you can do that, you will be successful in this industry. i honestly believe that there is plenty of room for people who want to pursue careers in

journalism right now. >> what skills should they be learning, at this point, if they are just going into k school -- j scjool? -- school? >> certainly, the ability to write. being able to speak to the reader, you should certainly learn and probably already know how to do so, video. basically, how to use all of the social media channels available. but i would not really focus so much on those tools because they are getting easier and easier by the day. i am sure four years from now, -- you probably get that in school anyway, but you want to focus on the basics of understand your role as a reporter in a community.

and jobs are becoming available. there is more hiring going on. that will continue, going forward. >> one question would be, who is a journalist? that fundamental question. does she have to go to journalism school for four years to be considered? how can she distinguish herself from a citizen journalist or a blogger? need there be a distinction? that goes into a whole nother question of who is a journalist. nobody wants to tackle that question. >> you should also visit new terms and talk to journalists about what they do. >> i will try to be quick. i think there is a spectrum of journalism and there are professionals. citizen journalists along the spectrum, but they are all valuable. i was going to say, one of the

things you should learn how to do is promote yourself and promote your brand. you can get on tomorrow, you can build clips like no other time in history. you can do that on facebook, your web site. learning how to use your network to promote the thing that you care about, what to write about, is a huge scale that the internet will allow you to do. >> my name is claudia. i worked for pat. my question is for everyone on the panel. -- i work for patch. noting the lack of hispanics on the panel, how do newsrooms address in-language content and sourcing? try to get people in the community, the poor and marginalized, to interact with digital journalism? >> and journalists need to know

more than one language, it is that simple. you need to be able to interact with members of your community that you normally would not be able to if you were restricted by language. that is what i tell my students. i always tell them to minor in spanish, not just because it will make them better reporters, but it will get them jobs in a wider variety of markets. so i do believe that is incredibly important. if you do not speak the language, you find somebody who does. you have them help you. if you were to cover communities, for example, who speak mandarin or cantonese, and you do not speak a word, that is not necessarily a limitation. action--- definitely be part of a journalist's training and anyone who is of having will have a better shot at telling stories.

-- multilingual will have a better shot at telling stories. >> we are out of time. i want to thank all of our panelists. thank you all. and thank you all for coming. [applause]

woman: ♪ alone in the dark ♪ but now you've come along [snoring] ♪ and you light up my life ♪ you give me hope announcer: you don't have to be a hero to be a hero. when you adopt a child from foster care, just being there makes all the difference. >> on behalf of the newly

designated mayor of san francisco, i welcome each and every one of you. it was just about five minutes ago that david chiu sees it to be the mayor -- ceased to be

the mayor. the active mayor for about 27 hours wallace the president of -- was the president of the board of supervisors. we thank you for your service. next to him is the senior member of the board of supervisors, the man who nominated john elsbernd. [applause] then not necessarily in alphabetical order, supervisor john avalos, supervisor david campos, supervisor carmen chiu,

supervisor malia cohen, supervisor mirkarimi, supervisor farrell, supervisor kim, and supervisors got wiener -- supervisor scott leonor -- wiener. a number of your friends thought it appropriate to reach out to cover the span of mayors over the last fifth leaders, a small fraternity who you are about to join. leading that is lieutenant governor, who will brain some remarks.

it was the man who served as a supervisor and whom the voters rewarded by making him lieutenant governor, and he was received by his colleagues at one minute after 1:00, when his tenure was evicted, and he gave an accounting of himself and the time he has been mayor, and now, welcome to the new mayor, gavin newsom. >> sit down those that have seats. let me welcome each of you for taking the time to be there.

it is good to be here, and it is a wonderful occasion, and the people that need to be thanked the most are the people of california, because i would not have been lieutenant governor, and there would not have been a vacancy. i am honored that people have taken it upon themselves to allow for this opportunity and celebrate this milestone in the history of our city and this nation. your it is a remarkable thing what just happened. not that many months ago we stood on the steps of city hall in recounting her behalf of our cities richard -- our path on

behalf of the city . here we are celebrating the first chinese-american mayor in our great city. it is a remarkable thing and a very proud dana. -- thing. i spoke a little bit about this yesterday, but it is important set this reminds everybody this is the birthplace of the united nations. this is a city of remarkable diversity. we do not just tolerated. we celebrate it. that is a spirit of what makes sense and cisco a special place

in the hearts and minds of people -- that makes san francisco a special place in the hearts and minds of people. mayor lee, here is my advice. you have a year, figure out what you want to accomplish. you were put in this position by the people to my right, but the people of san francisco are the people counting on you. [applause] do what you think is right, and remember that as important and impressive as this did not -- as this is, there are hundreds of thousands of people who require your attention and leadership. always remember the people

outside are the people we also need to represent. remember that just because you disagree with the other side does not mean something is going wrong. that is part of the process. you are going to have a difficult time with the budget, a difficult time processing the new police chief and the reality is taking place and how they manifest in our county, but always remember to do what you think is right. people like me come and go puree your you are given a moment in time. there is no having made it a

success. the mayor is not a place or a definition. it is a direction, and i encourage you to keep the city moving in that direction, and i look forward to the extraordinary work continuing that you have done, a person that has always been people- oriented strong sense of purpose, and will be an outstanding leader in our city. i could not be more proud and thank you to the board of supervisors, more pleased with their choice. for our next mayor of the city and county of san francisco. thank you all very much. [applause] >> as i indicated the, -- indicated, the mayors for the last 40, 50, 60 years in san

francisco are represented here. the mayor who comes from the furthest distance and the shelly family and kevin shelly is somewhere here representative of the shelly clan. after shelly, there was joseph l. aliato and mrs. aliato is here. after joseph aliato, there was george moscony and chris moscony is here representing george moscony. [applause] and after the moscony years, it was diane feinstein. and her husband, richard blum, is here. they actually got married in the chambers upstairs. [applause] now, in just a minute, the president of the board of supervisors is going to say the

words that will allow you, the public, to know what the vote was in his chambers earlier in the afternoon. but mr. lee, there have been several people from across the bay, from sacramento and other places, who are here to extend their warm welcome. standing next to you is mayor newsom's chief of protocol, my chief of protocol, diane's chief of protocol, everybody's chief of protocol, who's ever had a chief of protocol in san francisco, charlotte schultz. and i hope she sticks around as your chief of protocol. [applause] one of your state senators, and we have two of those, only one is present at the moment. the other one is up working on the budget. but senator leland yee is here to welcome you. [applause] and a man who went to bed on

saturday night, a cop with a badge and who woke up on sunday morning a new d.a., george gason. [applause] city attorney twice elected in san francisco, and usually without opposition, dennis herrera. [applause] a member of the board of education and from your administration, mr. newsom, hydra mendoza. [applause] the assessor for the city and county of san francisco, phil teng. the treasurer of the city and county of san francisco, jose cisneros. [applause] the public defender and the man that first whispered to george, you should be the d.a., jeff hadachi.

one of the judges with whom we have worked for years, lilian singh. [applause] and of course the woman who was your lifeline from here to hong kong when you were trying to escape this awesome responsibility, rose pack. [applause] fire chief of the city and county of san francisco, joanne hayes white. and a man whose work as an architect in three or four administrations, a man that i got from the board of supervisors years ago, he became deputy chief of staff and then chief of staff under mayor newsom, steve koba, chief of staff. and as always, you're in good