of how to do this, i think the next clerk and the city will be much informed with having our process and having our archives to look too. >> and that is how san francisco government worked out the kinks, twists and turns, bombs in the road, to select its new interim mayor, ed lee. san francisco's first asian- american mayor. >> this has been an unprecedented and historic transition of power here in san francisco. i am so happy the board of supervisors came together to select an outstanding choice along many outstanding candidates to lead us over the next several years. >> over the past several months when this issue has come up, it had been agonizing. the board has been put into a difficult situation. there are a lot of differences of opinion on how to run the city, how to mass make a decision, who should be in place, 11 people to agree on

that is a challenging thing. i think we have done the best we can do in the process, considering the difference of opinions. >> the people of san francisco can now choose their mayor, the direction they want to go. that is why this decision was so appropriate. >> the other big shock is that the moderates seem to have won this round. people thought, progressives have themselves on the board. there is no reason that they will not get together and take a noted leader who is a progressive to be interim mayor, and then stayed there for another term. the great thing about being in term mayor is to get to run as an incumbent. the fact that the progressives could not get together to get somebody into office as interim mayor in their own self-interest was very surprising for a lot of us. >> what happened in the last month in city hall was an incredible show of democracy that was part policy, part politics, and it all came together, and more than anything

-- not just from a reporter's perspective, often was this? but there was a public interest as well on what was going on in san francisco government. we take it for granted a law that there is a city government here. this was something that brought people together. you heard people talking about it at the cafes, park playground, people who do not always pay attention. in that $0.10, it was the best thing we could have done for city government, even though it was a little bit messy. it was a lot of fun and an eye opener. it got people interested again.

[singing in foreign language captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project

the very name hawaii has long conjured up an image of a tropical paradise, but here at waikiki beach, the reality is very different. when tourism first started here, it took two weeks by steamship from the west coast of the united states. only the very wealthy could afford it. hi. how are you? my name is bill. welcome to hawaii. enjoy. see you. today, hawaii is at the center of air routes spanning the pacific. it's as near to japan as it is to many parts of america. now over seven million tourists visit these islands every year.

our desire to travel has created one of the world's biggest industries. tourism connects parts of the globe that many people, even 30 years ago, could only dream about. [man singing in hawaiian] [man] ♪ everybody loves the huki lau ♪ ♪ where the lau lau is a kau kau ♪ ♪ and a big luau... as the world shrinks in time, if not in distance, the faraway and exotic are becoming increasingly familiar. the hawaiian dream, the land of hula dancers and steel guitars, exotic but safe, is a recipe that many other tourist destinations have tried to emulate. here at waikiki beach, the focus of hawaii's mass tourism, tourism has become big business. [man singing in hawaiian] [man] aloha. [speaking hawaiian] welcome to our land of aloha, to our islands of paradise, to our home hawaii-- hawaii, the gathering place,

the melting pot of the south pacific. tonight, through our songs and dances, we share with you the beautiful mixture of people, the cultures and hawaii of yesterday and the hawaii of today. since the discovery of hawaii by this first group of explorers, many more people throughout polynesia, along with the diverse customs and traditions, have been drawn to these lovely and friendly shores and now gratefully and proudly call hawaii home. we present to you now an evening of polynesian entertainment, a te hati production, the royal hawaiian hotel luau extravaganza! [man singing in hawaiian] but not all native hawaiians are happy with the image of hawaii that is presented to tourists at these cultural extravaganzas.

pua baptista is one of a growing number who are speaking out about the adverse impact of tourism on hawaii. [baptista] i think too much the tourism industry is building what they think tourists would like, and they forget about what the people would like. i think what we're doing now is we're fabricating the make-believe hawaii, and people are coming here, and they're getting the wrong impression about what hawaii is really all about. we're not all about mai tais, and we're not about waikiki, and we're not about the hula shows. those hula shows i've seen are not even the real thing. and i feel like we're being exploited just for the dollar.

[children speaking hawaiian] [man] when the first whaling ships dropped their anchors off these hawaiian islands, they were met by a friendly, smiling, and simple folk. they also found a very gentle and romantic people. nowhere is romance more evident than here in our beautiful hawaiian islands. for those of you here with us who share this sentiment of love, we'd like to dedicate this next song to you-- ki kali neau-- the beautiful hawaiian wedding song. [men singing in hawaiian] the moana hotel was the first hotel to be built in waikiki beach. it opened in 1901. during the thirties, it became home to a very well-known radio show,

which played a large part in shaping the image of hawaii. [man on radio] this is a call from hawaii, and here we meet again beneath the mighty moana banyan tree beside the sea, the great panorama of waikiki beach before us-- old diamond head at one end, surfboards and outrigger canoes catching waves out there. these are the waves and steel guitars-- the sounds that mean you're hearing us from the islands as hawaii calls. [woman] at one time, it was broadcast on 750 different radio stations, but it played a very important part in promoting hawaii, so hawaii calls. ♪ hawaii calls ♪ with a message of aloha... ♪ radio's ability to bring into people's homes

new places and new visions was one of the wonders of the age. from distant shores to distant wars, the citizens of america were transported to a world of imagination. in this way, the image of hawaii was invented, and millions of people who have never seen hawaii feel they know it. today the moana is dwarfed by huge skyscraper hotels, and hawaii calls is long forgotten. many tourist destinations have since modeled themselves on the image that hawaii has projected. the frontiers of global tourism have moved further and further afield in search of unspoiled tropical paradises. penang in malaysia, once a trading post of the east india company, was virtually unknown as a tourist destination 20 years ago, but with the advent of cheap air travel and the package holiday, what was known as the far east

is now a very familiar tourist destination. today there's a building boom to cater for the millions of tourists who visit yearly. penang's neighboring island, langkawi, near the northeast corner of malaysia, close to thailand, is the latest to be drawn into southeast asia's expanding network of paradise islands, but here they are targeting a much more selective market far away from the world of mass tourism. it's called niche marketing-- designing hotels to fit into a particular niche. exclusive golf courses are an increasingly essential part of these resort developments. the problem is they are disastrous environmentally. not only do they destroy the natural vegetation, but they use an enormous amount of water and pesticides.

the datai on the northwest coast of langkawi is aimed at the wealthy international traveler with its tranquillity and its get-away-from-it-all amenities. the datai has been designed with environmental considerations taken seriously. very few trees were cleared in the construction. it's not a part of a multinational chain. in fact, the capital to build this hotel came from southeast asian entrepreneurs. that's very fresh. they're targeting the lucrative southeast asian market with people coming for short breaks from japan, singapore, and further afield. jamie case, the generaramanager, is a canadian who has managed hotels all over the southeast asian region. [case] hotels like this hotel, which--where they've saved the environment and where they've chosen an unusual location

within a rain forest-- hotels like this, smaller properties like this really are the future of the hotel business. there will always be large megaresorts, but as the traveling public become more sophisticated-- and they will become even more sophisticated than they are now-- they will seek out different experiences. and properties such as this, which can satisfy that demand and can satisfy that experience, will be successful. [woman] we're seeing an increasingly larger number of hotels that are actually coming up with a more unique experience away from the main idea of a big hotel with all the facilities, restaurants, bars, quite lively. it's much quieter, more in tune with nature and your surroundings. so i think there is a growing demand for this type of product. we have a resident naturalist who does jungle walks. he does tours around the island to special places. you come here to get away,

get back to nature, relax. [case] it's controlled development. they're not allowing large pockets of tourism development. you won't have situations where you'll have five or six or seven hotels in a strip. it is low-rise. there's very strict controls on pollution, especially water pollution. we must have self-contained facilities to cleanse water, and they're very strict on testing that. so they've taken a very sensible approach, i think, to making sure that what they have now, which is the nature and beauty of langkawi, is maintained. [narrator] desirable beach sites are in short supply, and local people are under pressure from the government and multinational resort companies who want to develop prime sites for golf courses and resort complexes. this locally run chalet development may be forced to move to make way for a golf course. we talked to the two managers who said they have no land title.

the best they hope for is better compensation than they've been offered. they said many people have been forced to leave the island in search of work. [speaking native language] in a competition between local people and global capital, local people often lose out. even the more remote areas of the world are not exempt from tourist prereures. borneo conjures up an image of remote, untouched, tropical wilderness, but even here, the contradictions of tourism are beginning to emerge. borneo is the third largest island in the world, straddling the equator. the fabled home of headhunters is on the brink of becoming a mainstream tourist resort area. [bornean music playing]

this cultural centre was built for the growing number of tourists who now visit borneo each year. the post-tourist is searching increasingly for the extraordinary. with this development in an area once so remote, the obvious impact will be on local traditional culture. how can it respond to the forces of modernization and tourism? we spoke to ozie, one of the performers, and found that the answer was more complex than we had imagined. [ozie] in the real village, especially the modern or young generation, they wouldn't bother to look or to learn more about this tradition from their old folks or their grandparents and so on. you see, even to look for a dancer in the village,

like, for example, a traditional dancer, it's really very difficult. we have to teach nowadays. to recruit a new dancer to this cultural centre, we've got to teach him. we've got to teach them clearly or properly. then they can perform the dance. we cannot simply take-- oh, this from this village. they can dance. no. it's difficult. [chanting in ngadju] [narrator] but the manipulation of traditions and customs to make them more interesting and accessible for tourists will inevitably result in romanticized images of destination areas and their populations. we're ready for the crocodiles, eh? ha ha ha! a few years ago, only independent travelers visited borneo, with its iban and dayak long houses, but recently, a number of small, local operators have begun pioneer trips into the interior for the more adventurous tourist. this is the frontier of contemporary tourism.

this journey is long and arduous-- six hours from kuching, the capital of sarawak. and the boat trip from the jetty upriver used to take two days. now in canoes with outboard motors, it can be done in an hour.

even though this type of cultural tourism appears low-impact, it still poses many questions. visitors to the long house see something very different from the cultural centre, but is it any more authentic, and can it withstand the growing number of visitors? can the local people cope with this new intrusion, and is there a danger of cultural voyeurism? [man] do you get the impression, anthony, this is the real thing in a sense-- pretty much the real thing? i think it's pretty much the real thing as it currently exists. i'm not sure this is the way it was 100 years ago, but this is the culture for ibans and the long house as it currently exists. as far as this generation is concerned, yes.

i've lived out in the asian micronesian region for about 10 years. i've seen what tourism can do to local cultures. if there is not an effort made by the people themselves to preserve their culture and their language, it will tend to diminish as people move to the cities, people stop speaking the language within their home and their family. then that bit of their culture is lost. it can be permanently lost. so tourism can assist in helping to preserve it through the rituals of the forms of dances, but also there should be a bit more, too. it just cannot survive if it's as a form of entertainment for tourists if it doesn't exist still in some form or fashion within the homes of people. that's the one way for it to preserve itself. what used to be extraordinary is now rather less so.

inevitably, there will be problems as areas such as this are drawn into the locus of international tourism. a long house hilton is being built just down the river, and this will increase the volume of visitors enormously. whoo! [man] how would you compare the tourism that exists here to the tourism that exists in hawaii? well, luckily, there's no comparison. that's why i'm not in hawaii. that's why i'm here. hawaii is just like new jersey now, and this really has a sense of the real thing. do you think that as hawaii has become more like new jersey, that people like yourselves are getting increasingly disillusioned and have ceased to go? i think so, and that's a danger for these last remaining beautiful spots. there's quite a large population of people that refuse to accept hawaii or phuket or places like that. i'm worried that everyone will flood

to see these places. i'm worried for the life style of the people. for the moment, the long house residents positively welcome tourism for the income it brings for medical supplies, boat fuel, and schools. in our visit to sarawak, we heard few dissenting voices. but in hawaii, after nearly a century of tourism, some of the indigenous community are less than happy with the results. they don't like what it does to them or to the tourists. [man chanting in hawaiian] [baptista] the people who are coming are coming to see what is being advertised-- what i call the las vegas image. when they get here, they don't want to come back because they feel like they've been gypped. so what's happened is the thing that they're showing the whole world is really lifeless. it's like a plastic mannequin. it hasn't got any life.

it might look good, but that's all it is. [men singing in hawaiian] [narrator] native hawaiians have had a unique opportunity to react to their feeling that tourism can threaten the very thing that tourists want to experience. in 1992, hurricane iniki destroyed much of the tourist development on kaua'i. native hawaiians, about 20% of the population, set up a community development corporation to help rebuild kaua'i's tourism so that it could be more responsive to the hawaiian community. [man] after all the destruction and chaos of iniki, kaua'i had a unique opportunity to rebuild, and there was a lesson in iniki, and hopefully, we will learn from that lesson. the lesson was different for different people. as an industry, i think it made us open our eyes that we are a responsible partner in this land

and that if we just take, take, take, we will have nothing for it. hui ho'okipa was an organization that came out of this as a voice of the hawaiian people. welcome aboard. this morning, we'd like to welcome you on mana o kalani. you'll see the famous fern grotto. we'll be going for about an hour and 20-30 minutes. we'll take you about 2 1/2 miles upstream. we have a little walk into the fern grotto. there we'll sing the hawaiian wedding song. [man] we had two leading hawaiian families show self-determination on how to adapt in the economic crisis and cultural cross fire and being able to provide jobs for the hawaiian community, being able to have them access these cultural resources--

at least making it available. but what i think needs to be stated is that there is to be participation, and unfortunately, we don't have that type of participation. funds is one of that. so this is one of the most positive things that have happened in this particular tourist resource because it has identified hawaiian families who are educated, who know the potential, work with the government, have been able to hire the community-- the hawaiian community-- native hawaiians born and raised here on kaua'i as well as off of kaua'i-- and have given them for this part of their life a contemporary quality of life, which we do need in the real world today. and it is just a first step to try and relate to the value of what was once very traditional

and what is once very sacred and how do we leave that experience to our children, to bring back our culture, our traditions, and the real quality of authentic tourist economic prosperity. good morning, everybody. aloha. [everybody] aloha. hi. i'm cousin charlie. let me welcome you to the fern grotto. this is an ancient hawaiian temple. hawaiians call it mama akua lono-- dedicated to the god lono, the god of harvest and fertility. [chang] i do think there is a genuine need, a genuine want within the industry to provide an industry that's in harmony with the culture, that supports the culture, that doesn't take advantage of the culture, that provides for its people an economic base and promotes the preservation and continuance of the culture. everything you read now says if we lose the hawaiian culture,

we lose the industry. everybody's waking up to that, and there's a realization that without it, we don't exist. they used to say to us hawaii is the melting pot. no place in the whole world can all the different nationalities live together harmoniously. well, i think now we're starting to see that we're all not living harmoniously, but if we kept that understanding that everybody is important and that we all need to care about each other and look after each other, that one day the hula would come back, e way to fish would come back. this place hasn't lost its spiritual strength because what we call the mana, it's still here. [singing in hawaiian] [narrator] native hawaiians are reclaiming their history

and reasserting their rights to their land, and many are learning for the first time the true meaning of hula. [woman] hula is a chronology of a people--our people. it's our history. it's our genealogy. it's our stories. it's our legends. it's what makes us alive. it's...hula appeals to the physical, to the sensual, to the spiritual, and when the person doing the hula has attained that degree of dancing, then the dancer is in a different world. tourists nowadays are more intelligent. they're wanting to know the indigenous people's true culture.

they can no longer be fooled by, um... things that are not real, and i think they hunger for that. and at the same time, it enriches the native people-- hawaiians. i'll speak for hawaiians. it enriches us because then it brings it back to us, and we have our dignity back. [speaking hawaiian] captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project captioning performed by the national captioning institute, inc.