sort of this amazing architecture, very powerful architecture. he convinced the rec park commission that building a tower in her memory would be the thing to do with her money. >> it was going to be a wonderful observation place because it was one of the highest hills in the city anywhere and that that was the whole reason why it was built that high and had the elevator access immediately from the beginning as part of its features. >> my fear's studio was just down the street steps. we were in a very small apartment and that was our backyard. when they were preparing the site for the coit tower, there was always a lot of harping and griping about how awful progress was and why they would choose this beautiful pristine area to do them in was a big

question. as soon as the coit tower was getting finished and someone put in the idea that it should be used for art, then, all of a sudden, he was excited about the coit tower. it became almost like a daily destination for him to enjoy the atmosphere no matter what the politics, that wasn't the point. as long as they fit in and did their work and did their own creative expression, that was all that was required. they turned in their drawings. the drawings were accepted. if they snuck something in, well, there weren't going to be any stoolies around. they made such careful little diagrams of every possible little thing about it as though

that was just so important and that they were just the big frog. and, actually, no one ever felt that way about them and they weren't considered something like that. in later life when people would approach me and say, well, what did you know about it? we were with him almost every day and his children, we grew up together and we didn't think of him as a commie and also the same with the other. he was just a family man doing normal things. no one thought anything of what he was doing. some of them were much more highly trained. it shows, in my estimation, in the murals. this was one of the masterpieces. families at home was a lot more close to the life that i can

remember that we lived. murals on the upper floors like the children playing on the swings and i think the little deer in the forest where you could come and see them in the woods and the sports that were always available, i think it did express the best part of our lives. things that weren't costing money to do, you would go to a picnic on the beach or you would do something in the woods. my favorite of all is in the staircase. it's almost a miracle masterpiece how he could manage to not only fit everyone, of course, a lot of them i recognized from my childhood -- it's how he juxtaposed and managed to kind of climb up that stairway on either side very much like you are walking down a street.

it was incredible to do that and to me, that is what depicted the life of the times in san francisco. i even like the ones that show the industrial areas, the once with the workers showing them in the cannery and i can remember going in there and seeing these women with the caps, with the nets shuffling these cans through. my parents had a ranch in santa rosa and we went there all summer. i could see these people leaning over and checking. it looked exactly like the beautiful things about the ranch. i think he was pretty much in the never look back philosophy about the coit. i don't think he ever went to visit again after we moved from telegraph hill, which was only five or six years later.

i don't think he ever had to see it when the initials are scratched into everything and people had literally destroyed the lower half of everything. >> well, in my view, the tower had been pretty much neglected from the 1930's up until the 1980's. it wasn't until then that really enough people began to be alarmed about the condition of the murals, the tower was leaking. some of the murals suffered wear damage. we really began to organize getting funding through the arts commission and various other sources to restore the murals. they don't have that connection or thread or maintain that connection to your history and your past, what do you have? that's one of the major elements of what makes quality of life in san francisco so incredible.

when people ask me, and they ask me all the time, how do you get to coit tower, i say you walk. that's the best way to experience the gradual elevation coming up above the hustle and bustle of the city and finding this sort of oasis, if you will, at the top of the hill. when i walk through this park, i look at these brick walls and this lawn, i look at the railings around the murals. i look at the restoration and i think, yeah, i had something to do with that. learning the lessons, thank you, landmarks meet landmarks. the current situation at pioneer park and coit tower is really based in public and private partnership. it was the citizens who came together to buy the land to keep it from being developed. it was lily hitchcock coit to

give money to the city to beautify the city she loved of the park project worked to develop this south side and still that's the basis of our future project to address the north side. >> hi, there. i'm lawrence corn field with the department of building inspection. we are here with a bump of experts to talk about earthquake issues in san francisco. we are at one of san francisco's most wonderful spots.

this is at the cliff house. it's a wonderful place. if you don't come down here, you should come and take a look. you can see the earthquake fault that is actually caused the 1906 earthquake. today we're doing a little tour about earthquake issues and we have dr. lou gill ton, pat buscovich and frank rowland , geotech -- gee owe technical engineer. are we safe standing here? >> (inaudible). >> okay. right behind us, we can see all the way down san francisco's ocean beach and water front all the way down to points stig identity. what is that.

>> pacifica is sticking out. beside that the muscle rock, the next promenade to the north and san andreas fault. >> muscle rock is what? the middle ground? >> in the fog. >> the bunch is just coming out. >> it's the point furthest south. >> okay. and why is that important to us? >> muscle rock is where the san andreas fault comes into san francisco cocaine and city a nd -- county and city. >> this is -- >> coming out into the water. >> going into the water, and out past fill rock and frank, where are we going from there. >>çó port race, it comes up between valleja so,.

>> that's balinsa and point rat fault comes in between those two. >> okay. how far offshore is the fault where where we stand? >> about a mile and a half to two miles offshore. >> i have a question. i always hear that earthquake shaking and earthquake hazards are increased the closer you are to the fault. do you think that's right? >> that's correct. >> okay. so we're pretty close here, so that means that should the fault rupture on the san andreas fault, we have more potential damage than if you're further away based on if the soils were uniform. >> the (inaudible) decreases the further distance from you. the ep i center is further offshore and occurred in '06. the first initial shock, the small one felt in san francisco, and 20 or 30 seconds later, the

big earthquake took off in both directions going north and south. >> okay. >> what you're talking about is something that engineering communities really acknowledged if you're in five kilometers of that fault, and particularly if the slip goes from one point to another point, you're going to have more ground shaking, similar to if you're standing next to a railroad track and the training is coming to you and you have something called a doppler effect and getting louder and louder, the earthquake simplistically does the same thing. if the san andreas slips down there and comes this way, within this five kilometer zone of san francisco, the richmond/sunset is going to shake dra mat cli harder. >> in 1906 it didn't matter because the rupture went from

the ep pi center off of lake merced and went in both directions. so the doppler effect was felt in both direction. >> also in 1906, nobody was here, right? >> well sue sudro was here. >> if a tree falls in the forest, and nobody hears it, well now there's a lot of housing here and somebody's going to feel it. >> i saw a map that this area was severely shean in 1906 although almost no houses were here. we can expect the same action? >> i think you have to different differentiate, but you may not get as much damage here as you would at the shore line or san

francisco bay. this is a rough site -- >> if you're going to be out in richmond, it's right there. >> yeah. i have heard that along ocean beach here and a few blocks in, there are some special hazards because of the fact that there's water underlying the ground and so on. is that -- >> yeah. there are hazards associated with anu$quake. obviously the firstçó one is ground shaking which we talked about. then there are other gee owe logic hazards and that's where the sand turns to quick sand, especially the sands that are beneath the water level. other hazards associated is lateral spedding. after the soil lick -- becomed and flows, the dense

--ification. >> if i eat a box of cereal and it's full, it's two inches down. >> that's true. damages associated with those phenomenas are severe. you've seen pictures along valencia street where the hotel is lying on its side. >> we're going down there. >> out in the sup set there were no homes, so we don't know how much dense densification will or and it will depend ton level. >> we have a lot of theories. >> yes. >> we don't think we're wrong, we just hope we never have that earthquake. the problem is -- >> well, we're going to have it. >> the reality is reear going to have it. >> so i have a question for lou. a lot of people, all around the world, have different theories for what causes earthquakes. here, you know, we sort of like

to imagine that we have some scientific basis, so i brought along something from japan, actually. i wonder if you can talk about the basis of the fact that in japan it's pretty well acknowledged that it's the rigling of the catfish underground that causes earthquake. >> in china's is the bulls. >> it tees bulls. >> i'm afraid i'm not a buy ol gist. >> in san francisco it's the dog over there barking that causes a problem. >> when i was in college a thousand years ago at uc berkeley, this was before plate techtronix, there was a theory the earth sat on a frog and

every once in awhile the frog would burden of proof and that -- burp and that was the earthquake. >> i'm sure it's the catfish. >> okay. we're going to go on down to a couple other sites and take a look at some of the impacts that earthquakes might have in san francisco. >> here we are in richmond and i want to point out though the earthquake centennial isñr a big deal this month and we have earthquake centennial wine bolted by the apen wine company commemorating the earthquake. >> i don't think it's 100 year old wine. >> no it says vintage 2003, should be just right to drink in april. we're here in richmond rein have the experts and the new experts, harvey, the scrap house dog. >> geologist and we have --

>> (inaudible). >> but we're here because for a number of reasons. we can look at the typical san francisco home and the kiengdz of vulnerables that it might have. we also want to talk about something i always heard talked about is micro zonation, where your house is on the ground affects how it's going to perform in the earthquake. >> one of the highest predominating pack or. if you're on rock, that's goodçó news. it depends on the period. it dependsñr on how the building is built. out here in the richmond it's similar to sunset. we're on what's called do you -- dune sand area. in the old days before homes were built here, the san franciscans would use this part

of the city to dump their garbage. so they would drive to richmond or the sunset, dump their garbage and spread the dune sand over the garbage and innocently come along and build a home on dune sand not knowing five or ten feet below the surface there would be garbage not knowing this was one of those location. >> it is exactly the location. this house hasçó been settling since it was built the last ten years. it settled in the middle around three irjs. you can see settlement by looking at the -- if you were able to get inside you would see the foundation cracking. if you went into the finished mortion of the house you can see cracks in the wall you can put your hand in because it wasñr built on an oold garbage dump. >> we're talking about this on i

theoretical issue. sit okay to build? is the richmond a good place. we have to say are you on top of an old farm pond or creek or garbage dump? it can have profound impacts in the settlement over long term and if there's an earthquake, that can amplify the ground shaking; is that right? >> absolutely. it can affect the behavior of the home. one of the things pat brought up is the wide garbage door opening i guess it's an issue you guys call soft story? >> exactly. >> what is that? >> it means the upper floors are rigid and in an earthquake the building will wanted to drift sideways a certain amount. if the upper floor the rigid and it doesn't occur there, it occurs on the first floor and if it leans so far the build willing lose stability and collapse. that's one of the projects the city is working on to try to

come up with an economical efficient way to retrofit the doors so they don't become projects unto themselves. >> i think there's a limited likelihood in the middle of the block, buildings are going to collapse. you have buildings on either side holding it up but it's going to pound -- >> the term pounding was used a lot and it was in reference to the marina district ton homes in the corner were pound upon by the ad jay sent street. >> out into the street. >> either they fell into the street or they -- they basically collapsed into the street. >> these soft story building where you might have option for garbage doors or commercial window displays. >> at the corner. >> or you might have other uses on the corner where you have soft, basically big openings are a problem at the corner and you

have vulnerability in both direction. now you have harvey the wonder dog, butñi you might want to shw what we're working on. >> install these clips on thega. >> into the door,ñi not the fra. >> and i've installed this already at my house to try it out. we've done preliminary testing and it gives us fantastic loading and cost meñi $5ñi to purchase and install theñrñi cl. >> as theúwzll push this is way itñiçó france fers the force -- transfers the force. these doors are strong, 3 ork 4,000 pounds. >> and the load goes down to right here. >> and you're basically jamming the garage door into the frame. i1ñ even the door with windowsçó and louvers, is stronr than the frame around it and what actually was failing was the building, not the garage

door. >> make shoo you are you explain you don't attach it to the door because you won't be able to open the door. >> so we'll be trying to present some information on how we do it and make recommendations when we finish the testing in the next omonth or two. the city is looking for ways to cost effectively retrofit building. this are other things you should do that are cost effective. >> the important point to make is we're all striving to make our homes more earthquake resistant, not earthquake proof. we cannotñi earthquake proof lie we can waterñi proof jackets and rain coates are water proof, but our home and property can be made to be resistant and the more recent codes are -- allow us to be more earthquake resistant than the older codes. >> that'sç"right. nothing is earthquake proof. some people build buildings thaó are designed toñr be continuousy

operational, even after anñi earthquake,çó very expensive. >> just hospitals and schools and places that have to be operate. >> all we can do is reduce the impact of earthquakes. >> those are new buildings. on existing homes there,'s the garage door basing your water heaters, adding anchor bolts, plywooding or strapping your posts. on a house like this with this clipping, what can do, what i've done for probably less than $5,000 get a reasonable comfort level, your house will be damaged but sleeping there at night. >> we can reduce the impact of earthquake so get back to so-called normal life as quickly as we can. one of the elements is having people be able to stay in their homes. >> instead of on the street. >> one of our serious goals.

we'll move on to other interesting areas of the city. welcome to the mission. >> yes. >> this is frank's home. >> i grew up in the mission. in fact i grew up a couple blocks up the street, forest and 18th. >> we were talking ability issues of earthquake safety have to do with a number of things. the soil you're on, how strong or vulnerable your building is and of course, they have to do with what the earthquake is whether it's a little shakera big one on hayward or san andreas fault. >> remember at the beach we talked about the hazards associated with earthquake, the liquid faction, lateral spreading -- [sirens]. >> we're standing at 18th and valencia and if you notice the street slopes down and to the south the street slopes down, so

we're at a low point. the low point was the old channel of rye owe dolores or river of pain and emptied into mission creek which fed mission bay. >> it came up the street on 18th street and we're walking down. >> from 18th and market right on down and emptied into what was a trib tear of butary of mik and because of that, loose sands were deposited and these loose sands were under the water in 1906 who the violent earthquaking occurred, the santdz lick -- sands liquefiedd flowed laterally. half a block up from this spot was the valencia hotel the

famous picture where you see the second story became the ground floor. >> we'll walk up there in a second. frank, what happened to the creek? did it get filled with sand when people built the mission? >> it's still there. actually, the city and county of san francisco filled many the creek and put in large sewers and the large sewers underground that actually collect the water and of course, valencia point -- >> so it's channelized underground and dumps out towards mission. >> not all of it. the issue is still the same. the loose sand is still present so in the next major earthquake, we can expect to see the same types of movement that occurred in 1906. >> people say what kind of effect are we having from the earthquake and it's going to be the same types of things that happened in past earthquakes and

same location. >> you can go to shot well street which in '0 '6 there are great shots of the victorian tilted over. in '89 when i was working for you they had torn down the victor i can't answer andñi buit edwardians, so same thing. so two out of two -- >> same area, same thing. >> most of the new developments that are occurring many the mission district, including affordable housing projects, they are conscious of their poor soil conditions and have improved the ground so the ground will perform better and the structures will be much more earthquake resis teant. >> there's a disparity -- basically anything built after the '70s and on, and construction before that really didn't have a whole lot of seismic resistance. >> in retention to what you're

sitting on. >> so you say if we were to have a repeat of the 1906 earthquake, hope we never do, we're going to have settlement, we're going to have lateral spreading, we're going to have -- >> guisers coming out of the ground with jetties. >> i hope we don't have that. >> we'll see many of the same phenomena that occurred in 1906. we don't know how well the sunset or richmond is going to behave, but we have theories that allow us to compute the kind of settlement that's going to occur, the kind of movement. >> here on valencia street we are on the enl of the stream next to a lake which is where mission dolores was -- >> we're actually in the lake. >> in the lake. somewhere in this lake or built on top of the lake is a number of buildings. where a number of build that's were seriously damaged or destroyed in 1906 including the famous valencia hotel, is that

the name of it? which was located approximately a half block to the nomplt when the earthquake occurred, the lower floor, which pat refers to as a soft story, collapsed and so that the second floor became the ground floor. and then the building leaned over. many buildings, in fact, most if not all of the buildings in this area, including the church at 16th aep and color res -- >> the cathedral -- >> the old bazilica but the mission remained because it was a strawn --ñr staunch building, but the bazilica was demolished. >> there --