they are trying to do, right -- it is really can we use all this cloud technology to takeoff structures down and across this down so now, i can change and 8% spent on a bunch of stuff that other people can go due to 80% i get to build applications, which power a very different experience. you think about what the car of the future might look like, it is a computer with four wheels, right? that is what it is. what they start to do with it, etc., is completely different. i'm talking about what we all conceptualize as a manufacturer. when you ask the question what will happen in the future? it is harnessing this technology to really deliver a service economy, and the companies that do this, the guys that figure this out are going to be big winners, and they are going to change the way we think of them, the way we relate to them, the way we buy from them, all of that. that is what the future holds.

i see the floor. >> thank you. i think the best questions are yet to come, and we are going to turn it over to the audience. >> we would like to remind our listening and viewing audience that this is a program with the commonwealth club of california on the future of cloud computing. our thanks to our distinguished panel for their comments here today. now, we open the floor for a q&a session. we will be passing around a microphone, so if you have questions, please raise your hand and speak into the microphone. >> i have a key question about the backup plan. you mentioned the super bowl earlier. what is the backup plan in the unlikely catastrophic event of the disabling of the system? solar storm or whatever. >> there are lots of things that can go wrong. the rights can hit the planet, and the things go dark, and then

we fix it. in general, the technology you are talking about is something which is broadly called cloud bursting, where essentially, is used by google and other folks, there's not one computer called google.com. there's a basilian sitting behind a thing. there is a concept called load balancing, and it has been augmented of late with the ability to dynamically spinoff new instances of server applications in response to spikes in demand. the general concept called cloud bursting allows you to do that across multiple cloud vendors, so you could do it across amazon and various other people say you could get geographic diversity and so on. people doing this extremely well, for example, would be netflix. many of you in this room i'm sure use the netflix. what they did is dynamically throw what is this is as more and more people click on movies that they want to watch. so then what they are doing is as the need scales, they then

have the ability -- they pay them, and, of course, it drops off as soon as the need drops off as well. so they end up essentially paying for average demand. the technology is widely deployed around the world. >> as kind of a follow-up, individuals often use cloud services for backing up their computers. are we about to see people using their computers to back up their clout services to guarantee that they hold on to their data? >> you are at the tip of a very interesting iceberg. go 100,000 miles in space and look down at the earth. we are still driving more wavelength down. there is no problem distributing content out to users. what we have a fundamental problem with is distribution of power.

power is dominating in terms of distribution networks q one of the reasons why it does not make sense is because you are at the end of the tree, a long way from distribution, a lot of transmission loss. the data centers move to where power gets generated. what is the next hardest thing to move? big data. did it is still really hard to move, even though we have lots of wavelets. that says that the application moves to the data is. if you think about facebook and google and all those folks, they build data center's right were the power is generated. typically near hydro plants and so on. what you find is that more and more applications will move to where the data is. moving those big chunks of data is very difficult. in terms of enterprises in the cloud, there is certainly no reason to suspect that the systems used by cloud vendors like amazon are not capable of geographic replication and redundancy. it is absolutely the case that

someone like netflix, for example, could survive an outage of two simultaneous amazon did a centers through geographic redundancy and so on. this stuff exists, and the technology exists within the cloud providers to make sure that once your data gets there, it is not going away. it is just not a cloud provider solution. most enterprises will have things called disaster recovery, where they will keep all their critical data completely synchronized so that if one coast gets hit by an earthquake or terrorist attack, you have the other coast where you can get your data. it is completely synchronized, always available, on demand. geographically diverse disaster recovery solutions have been in place for some time, and they actually do allow for secure data storage. >> i think that for the individual consumer and home user, this storage in the cloud

and backing up your personal computer in the cloud has been burgeoning of late because people want to have the ability to store their files securely, but the reason why, to answer your question, is why do they continue to still backed up their clout back of solution onto a usb stick or on to their own pc is people still have to get comfortable with the idea of clout security, that the data truly is secure and they're comfortable with letting go. people still not quite comfortable with that concept yet. as people become more and more confident and more and more comfortable with the concept of data being safe, we will still have people, and we will still have instances where people want their data next to them, where they feel comfortable, where they feel safe and confident that their data is secure. >> if i were purchasing services from a cloud vendor, i would

mandate that all data at risk is encrypted using keys that i own, that i provide when it is processed for me, and there is no excuse for anybody not doing this. the technology exists. so it comes down to the probability that a bad guy could go and guess relocation. in amazon web services, you have more than 3.5 billion objects. they have to know which one to go for it here that have to break your access. then they have to break the description on the of jets. the probability of stealing your data and getting away with an attack is vanishingly small. >> i think you address one of my concerns, which was the security of my data out on the cloud, but you raised a new question -- who owns my data? what if i do want it to go away? >> there are very challenging concerns. certainly, governed by state boundaries. for example, numerous canadians

do not want their data in american dissenters. under a land the vessels, that can be subject to inspection and seizure. all the regulations relate to national boundaries there as well. a cloud providers actually end up having to meet numerous diverse regulatory requirements related to where data may resign and how it may be encrypted. there are different purchase centers for different christian center's and countries -- there are different encryption centers for different regions and countries. i think amazon wishes they could make it go away the same way they imagine the sales tax would go away sunday. [laughter] >> but is it clear that i own my data? >> it is clear that you own your data, but it is not clear that somebody with the opprobrious search and seizure warrants cannot just make off with it, too.

and, of course, you know, here is the scary one. the fbi says there is an attack coming out of those few racks over there, and they walked out with several companies entire computer set up just because some guy in one of those was doing a bad thing. that is scary. >> unfortunately, we have time for only one last question. weber has the microphone, please. then maybe it is a mistake, but i have the microphone. i came to this lecture trying to find a definition of what cloud computing is. maybe i understand a little better, but i still do not have its in the simple terminology that i understand. my other question is from my point of view as a user of computing services, i have recently had the experience with a couple of banks going through

a total change of their website, which caused me no end of aggravation to try to continue my accessing of my data, and i had the feeling, and i think you kind of touched on this, that for maybe financial reasons or because you technology people are so influential in the world you convinced these banks they had to do this, it just really made my life miserable for a couple of weeks trying to figure out how to use their new system. i mean, it seems to me that -- you know, i had the impression that technology people are sort of making work for themselves by influencing institutions that they need to change what they have already in place. i still go by the old model --

if it is not broken, do not fix it. so i am opposing these questions to the senate panel. >> those are great observations. i am in my mid-40's by now, and there are programming languages used regularly that just did not exist five years ago. when you hear these guys talk, it is like gobbledygook to me. you get old with your music. you get old with your skills sets. it is just the way it is. because we are a technology- driven society, and we have completely inverted the traditional way back societies were built when -- where when you were older, what you learned was survival skill, and you were right. that is the problem. the young guys are right, and the old guys take it in the net. cloud computing -- let me try a simple one for you. used to be in the old days that everybody had their own electricity generating plant.

people would generate electricity locally for their own production means for their own factory. that got turned into a utility. the economics and study of that is very interesting. there's a fabulous book called "the big switch" which basically tracks that history. think of what clout is doing to computing is being analogous. instead of having to own and run your own software and hardware and computer systems, these things simply become services that you acquired by some horribly complicated plug. so it becomes viable economically -- the economics are compelling. you can consume by plugging in. you have to plug, yes, it is still the case that you know too

much, but it is really that, that turning computation into a utility that can be consumed as opposed to requiring human to surround previous manifestations of the technology. >> i thank the panel for coming here today. we also thank our audience here for those listening and viewing. now, this meeting of the commonwealth club of california commemorating its 108th year of discussion is adjourned. [applause]

>> of the league of women voters and sfg tv have brought to bring you statements by all four candidates for sheriff. >> my name is chris cunnie and i'm running for san francisco share of. i grew up in san francisco and i have been working to keep san francisco unsafe for just about my whole life. we're facing a critical moment for safety right now because of the progress -- a process call realignment that the state plans to send hundreds and maybe even thousands of prison inmates back to our city. that means keeping san francisco safe right now is going to require a lot of diverse skills like experience running jails, experience treating inmates said it comeback to jail and

experience at every level of law enforcement. i am proud to say i am the only candidate who can bring all of these skills together. i served as under share of of san francisco, the second-in- command under mike hennessey. i help him improve our jail programs so that prisoners learned job skills and get treatment. they're not just guaranteed to commit another crime when they are released. i served as chief of investigations in the district attorney's office, helping to lower crime working with the community. i served as the emergency communications director under mayor gavin, bringing many branches of law enforcement together. i served as head of walden house, one of the most respected substance-abuse treatment centers, providing services to the incarcerate informally incarcerated to help rebuild their lives. i served as a member of the california narcotics authority, helping to divert at into treatment. i served as president of the san

francisco police department association and as a san francisco police officer, i received two medals of valor for my work on the street. i patrolled just about every corner of san francisco. a safer city requires bringing all of these elements together. i'm proud to have burned the support of senator dianne feinstein, the attorney general , lt. gov. gavin newsom and many, many others. i hope i can earn your support also. please join us on our web site. thank you. >> election day is november 8th, 2011. that is the last date to vote in person and a deadline for receipt of the vote by mail ballots. >> hello.

my name is ross mirkarimi, i'm the supervisor of the fifth district of the board of supervisors of san francisco. i am running for sheriff because i want to improve public safety throughout san francisco. when i was elected supervisor in 2004, i inherited the district with many neighborhoods that notoriously had the second-highest violent crime rate throughout all of san francisco. i set out to make sure we take back our streets from crime. i did so with the kind of innovative programs that had not been used because of a community that had been woefully underserved but making sure we were able to marry the power of redemption on one end to being smart on crime in the other. long story short, we have been able to reduce violent crime to the point where i now had the largest reduction in the murder rate and violent crime rates throughout all of the city in our district. as evidenced by the visit darrow, the fillmore west addition and surrounding

neighborhoods. during this time, cultivated a relationship with sheriff mike hennessey, the longest serving sheriff in san francisco history. he has been our share for more than 30 years. sheriff hennessy has endorsed me to succeed him as sheriff. sheriff is much more than managing the jail system, which we have a population of about 1500 inmates a day, or protecting government buildings and what share of tennessee did was add it to rehabilitation and re-enter programs for -- before their release from county jail. we need to build on the foundation of sheriff mike hennessey and demonstrate it want to improve public safety, we do so by tackling recidivism, received a -- repeat offender rates that occurred because we are not getting to the ability to correct people's lives and help him correct them themselves before they get out of jail and stay off -- stay out of the criminal past. for every four people the san

francisco police department arrest and is prosecuted, almost three are repeat offenders. that statistic would literally be a lot worse if it were not for the innovations of mike hennessey, but we have to improve our game. i want to turn around the same people to turn back there live and return back to the bayview, sunnyvale and mission, tenderloin, and others because i believe in those same neighborhoods where there is great economic distress, those are the neighborhoods that have the greatest public safety challenges. i will save taxpayers money and i will be able to help demonstrate, built on the tennessee foundation of what it means to reform our criminal- justice system through the eyes of the sheriff's department. i would be honored to have your support. please don't hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. it has been an honor to serve you as a supervisor and i would be honored to be your sheriff.

>> the league of women voters and sfgovtv have been honored to bring you statements by all four candidates for share of. >> my name is paul miyamoto and i make captain in the sheriff's department and i can't edit it for sheriff in this election. our department finds itself in a very neat situation on the eve of a significant change in the criminal justice system. our share has decided to retire after close to 32 years. the best person to continue his legacy and build on his foundation is someone who has been a part of carrying out that vision. that is me. i have professional experience in the operations and management of this department. i have risen through the ranks of all positions in gaining that experience as a trusted manager and leader with share of tennessee. i have work to implement and support these programs throughout my entire career in

public service. i love this department and i am completely, absolutely dedicated to continuing the surest vision and moving the department forward as we face new challenges in the public safety. i have the universal support of the two labour organizations in the department that represent the men and women carry out the shares vision. at the close, personal, emotional tie to the department. on my very first day on the job, i was late in relieving a deputy. to make up for that, i married that deputy and we are now raising our five children in this community. my priorities as europe are as follows -- the realignment of the california state prison system will have a significant impact of the criminal justice system. our past and continued success in these programs and services for individuals and out of custody is especially important to ensure since convicted felons will now fall under county level oversight. i have been responsible for carrying out the surest vision for the last 15 years.

as the sheriff, my goal is to ensure the effective integration from custody. reducing the chances of refunding means increasing public safety for us all. in regards to the secured communities program, the implementation of the program as it stands leads to the edification and deportation of undocumented residents with minimal or no prior criminal history. i feel our focus should not be on these individuals. i feel our partnership with late -- with state and local agencies will focus on the program to apprehend violent, dangerous criminals that pose a direct threat to our community. my third platform is to reexamine the organizational structure of the department to ensure efficiency. my goal would be to position the department to facilitate public safety obligations that arise. i have a unique perspective to lead to a difficult economic times that require us to be able to do more with less. public safety should not be

compromised. if experience, respect, and overwhelming support of the people who do the job is important to you, i'm the person for the job. i look forward to your support for me this november in becoming the first asian american share of in san francisco. thank you. >> election day is november 8th, 2011. that is the last date to vote in person and last date for receipt of the vote by mail ballots. >> i am david wong, a 20-years the trend with the san francisco assurance department. i served eight years in the united states army reserves and national guard. i am actively involved with youth programs like community youth centers and others in san francisco. i live in sunset with my wife and two children. i'm running for the office of sheriff because i believe we

must reduce the recidivism rate and in still crime preventive measures by investing in our youth. in the 20 years i served as a deputy sheriff for san francisco, i witnessed the department spent more money for fewer resources. as sheriff, i would implement job training for the incarcerated to enable them to transition into productive citizens and contribute toward our society. i would encourage youth programs where debt easing cage with the community, offering opportunity to our youth, enabling them to lead productive lives instead of turning to crime. i would implement a rehabilitation process for the incarcerated.

i would implement a performance evaluation system to ensure every individual in a drug rehab program is held accountable for their participation. in addition, with the new realignment sentencing program governor brown just enacted, i would invite all city unions to offer a basic life skills training course which would teach people in our jail how to get a job. thereby, providing an alternative to crime. i will work with the public defender's office and apply the clean slate program for them. let's make a change. vote for me for sheriff. thank you. >> election day is november 8th, 2011. that is the last date to vote in person and a deadline for

receipt of vote by mail ballots. for more information about the election, and visits>> good mor. thank you for coming. my name is adam. i am the co-founder of method. method is a business where our success has been built on sustainable innovation. at the core of the sustainable innovation is green chemistry. that is how we create green and products that outperform conventional ones. our approach to sustainable designed is not en -- does not

end with what is in the bottle. it also includes the bottle. evidence of that is parked outside. it is also evident in our approach to sustainable package design. that is what i would like to address today. in 2006, method reached a milestone. we created the first custom pvc bottle manufactured completely from recycled plastic. in the five years since then, we have continued to innovate and focus on developing pcr technology to the point where almost everybody we manufacture is made from 100% pcr plastic.

that is millions of bottles a year that may completely free of virgin plastic. having achieved in this second milestone and the huge benefits that go with it, we started asking ourselves a question. that was, what is the ultimate recycled material? that is where our attention is turned to the issue of ocean plastic. what if we could take some of the plastic floating in the ocean and make bottles out of it? we would be taking a piece of trash and up it into something that could be recycled again and again. it could serve as a platform for communicating the real solution. that is to use the billions of