icons from southeast asia. they decorate their deities. it was a god they interacted with every day in a human way. the most important thing has been to create work that is appealing to me. i want to see vishnu to pick did in a modern way. it dawned on me by reinterpreting the deities in a way that is modern and reverent to the history, i am building a bridge for young and old audiences to make friends with the culture and these icons to learn their stories. ♪

>> sanrio famous for the designs for hello kitty. i thought i would try to make it as cute as possible. that way people might want to read the stories. then people might be open to learn about the deities and the culture. ♪

they reached out to make about five or six years ago because of the book published. they appreciated that my work was clearly driven from my research and investigation. after i contributed my artwork, the museum was really beside themselves. they really took to it. the museum reached out to me to see if i would be interested in my own space inside the museum. i tell them that would be a dream come true. it is the classical, beautiful indian mythology through the lens of modern design and illustration and storytelling. they're all of these great sketch as i did for the maharajah exhibition. i get a lot of feedback on my artwork and books. they complement. they say how original the work

is. i am the first person to say that this is so derived from all of this great artwork and storytelling of the past. the research i put into all of my books and work is a product of how we do things that a-- at pixar. sometimes you will see him depicted monkey-like or as superman. i wanted to honor his monkey coloring. i decided to paint him white with a darker face. it is nice to breathe new life into it in a way that is reverent and honors the past but also lets them breathe and have fun. it is almost a european notion to bring these symbols and icons from southeast asia.

they decorate their deities. it was a god they interacted with every day in a human way. the most important thing has been to create work that is appealing to me. i want to see vishnu to pick did in a modern way. it dawned on me by reinterpreting the deities in a way that is modern and reverent to the history, i am building a bridge for young and old audiences to make friends with the culture and these icons to learn their stories. ♪

>> i came out to san francisco about seven years ago. i was trained as a carpenter. i got sick of the cold weather and the hot weather. i wanted to pursue art. i thought i really be here for about three years. here i am, 7 years later. ♪ i have problems sleepwalking at night. i wanted to create a show about sleep. a mostly due painting kind of story telling. these are isolated subject matters, smaller studies for the larger paintings. i fell in love with it and wanted to create more of them. it is all charcoal on mylar.

it is plastic. i was experimenting and discovered the charcoal moves smoothly. it is like painting, building up layers of charcoal. it is very unforgiving. you have to be very precise with the mark-making. a mark dents the paper and leaves the material embedded. you have to go slowly. the drawings are really fragile. one wipe and they are gone completely. it is kind of like they're locked inside. all of the animals i am showing are dead. i wanted them to be taking -- taken as though they are sleeping, eternal sleep.

i like to exaggerate the features of the animals. it gives it more of a surreal element. it is a release subtle element. -- it is a really is subtle elements. the range of reactions people get is that normally they get what i am trying to achieve, the sense of calmness, it's really gentle state of mind -- a really gentle state of mind, i guess. ♪

>> i am the director of visual arts programming at intersection for the arts. intersection for the arts is based in san francisco and has always been an organization that looks at larger social political issues through the lens of practice, and we are here today at our exhibition of "chico and chang." the original inspiration was drawn from a restaurant chain in new york city. half of their menu is -- what struck me was the graphic pictures and a man in a hat on a rig truck carrying take that time is containers and in the black sea to representation of a mexican guy wearing a sombrero and caring a somali horn. it struck me that these two

large, very subversive complex cultures could be boiled down to such simple representations. chico and chang primarily looks at four topic areas. one of the man was is whose stories are being told and how. one of the artisans in the show has created an amazing body of work working with young adults calling themselves the dreamers. another piece of the exhibition talks about whose stories of exhibition are actually being told. one artist created a magnificent sculpture that sits right in the center of the exhibition. >> these pieces are the physical manifestation of a narrative of a child in memory. an important family friend give us a dining table, very important, and we are excited about it.

my little brother and i were 11, 14. we were realizing that they were kind of hand prints everywhere on the bottom where no one would really see, and it became this kind of a weakening of what child labor is. it was almost like an exercise to show a stranger that feeling we had at that moment. >> the second thing the exhibition covers is how the allocation is defined, a great example on the theme, sculpture called mexicali culture. another bay area artist who has done residencies in china and also to what, mexico. where immigrant communities really helped define how

businesses look of a business' sign age and interior decoration, her sculptural piece kind of mismatches the two communities together, creating this wonderful, fantastical future look at what the present is today. first topic is where we can see where the two communities are intersecting and where they start colliding. teresa fernandez did a sculptural installation, utilizing the ubiquitous blue, white, and read patterns of a rayon bag that many communities used to transport laundry and laundromats to buy groceries and such. she created a little installation kind of mucking up the interior of a household, covering up as many objects that are familiar to the i and the fabric. fourth area of investigation that the exhibition looks at is the larger concerns of the asian and latin communities intersecting with popular cultur

one best example -- when he's exemplified is what you see when you enter into the culture. >> this piece refers to restaurants in tijuana. when you are driving, to speak chinese and you read chinese characters. you see these signs. i was trying to play with the idea of what you see and the direction you read. when you start mixing these different groups of people, different cultures, i like the idea. you can comment on somebody else's culture or someone else's understanding about culture.

>> one of the hopes we have for visitors is that they go away taking a better understanding with the broadest and the breadth of issues impacting both the asian and latin communities here in california and how they spell out into the larger fabric of the communities we live and work in. live and work in.

[music] hello, i'm ivette torres, and welcome to another edition of the road to recovery . today we'll be talking about trauma and justice issues and the delivery of services through behavioral health settings. joining us in our panel today are dr. joan gillece, project director and principle trainer,

samhsa national center for trauma-informed care, rockville, md; tonier cain, team leader and director of peer/consumer involvement, samhsa promoting alternatives to seclusion and restraint through trauma-informed practice, rockville, md; dr. h. westley clark, director, center for substance abuse treatment, substance abuse and mental health services administration, u.s. department of health and human serviceses, rockville, m; dr. maxine harris, ceo and co-founder, community connections, washington, dc. dr. clark, what is trauma and how do we define trauma? the definition of trauma is a little ambiguous, but it's tied to specific adverse events that a person may experience or a community may experience, including disasters, physical or sexual abuse,

or witnessing the above-mentioned. it's of that nature, it could be psychological as well as physical, and there are a wide range of issues associated with the definition. very good, and what are the various sources of trauma? well, the sources are similar to the precipitant. it could be from a relative or a partner. it could be in war, from the enemy. it could be from tornadoes or hurricanes or floods. it could be from predators who are in the community unbeknownst to the victim, a person who's victimized from either physical assault or rape or events like that. so the, it can be from a loved one

or it can be from a total stranger. dr. gillece, basically how is trauma closely tied with substance use and mental health issues? well, we believe that symptoms are adaptations and frequently the way people cope with their trauma is through using, is oftentimes through self-inflicted violence. it's oftentimes with other self-protective issues that people are involved in to protect themselves against the trauma. in mental health we see a lot of diagnoses that are actually trauma related. clearly the posttraumatic stress disorder is one, but a lot of affective disorders are oftentimes really trauma based. a lot of the issues with people with the axis ii or the personality disorders, the people that are labeled borderline personality, we oftentimes see a untreated early experience of physical, sexual abuse, abandonment, neglect, or the witnessing of violence.

ms. cain, you're working now as a peer-to-peer counselor in our center. talk to us about, what was your initial experience with trauma? well, all of my life i've been traumatized. i grew up in a household where i was sexually abused by men in the community that used to visit my mother. and i think i really vivid, a lot of the flashbacks at age 9, i'm pretty sure, probably happened earlier, but a lot of that comes from age 9 is when i realized that, oh my goodness this is not how it's supposed to be, and i started drinking as a result because i couldn't cope with it. at that early age? at age 9, i drank every day. at age 9 because it helped me to numb out what was going on in my life. so, after being in a household of sexual, verbal, and physical abuse, i ended up in foster care and then put into with, placed with a family member,

only for my mother to come back to get me and to be exposed to even more trauma, married at a very young age who my husband beat me and verbally, physically, horrible, horrible abuser. and so the cycle just continued, and at around age 19 because i created a belief system- i am nothing i'll never amount to anything because i thought that these things were supposed to happen to me. so, when someone came to me at age 19 and said "try this," it was crack cocaine; it was the answer to all of my problems. i never had to feel anything ever again. i could just numb out. so, my trauma started very early, and it continued through the system only to be put into services where i was being retraumatized by those that were providing services for me. and dr. harris, is that typical? is that a typical scenario of some of the folks that experience trauma? well, i think what happens is

that trauma breaks out of the normal expected life trajectory, and you're kind of going along and you don't expect the men who come to your house to rape you. you don't expect your mother to go out on a drunk binge and leave you alone. what you think is "normal life" just doesn't happen to you. so you adapt. and you adapt by drinking. you adapt by getting into relationships that may be destructive. you adapt by finding some way to physically or psychologically run away. and dr. clark, this happens, i suspect that because of this dynamic there are an awful lot of people, and we're going to get back to miss cain's experience that end up in our jail systems, that end up in our justice system. is that correct? that is true. there are a lot of people as a result, as miss cain indicated.

you start using drugs that are illegal, and as a result of that you wind up getting arrested, and as a result of that you wind up in jail and then, depending upon the situation, as a result of using drugs you may become violent and you wind up in jail because of that situation, or as a result of numbing out you wind up engaging in "illegal acts" and you wind up in jail. so, a large number of people who are in jail or in prison are there for possession of drugs or for criminal acts associated with drug use and drug abuse. and that is one of the concerns that we have, particularly when many of these individuals have previously been traumatized. and, as dr. harris pointed out, what they're doing is trying to cope with life experiences or situational experiences

that are outside the normal range of human experience, and they cannot find relief any other way. and do we know what the percentage is of the individuals that are in the criminal justice system that experience, have experienced trauma? well upward to eighty five percent we know of women in the justice system, same kind of percentage of girls in the juvenile justice system. i think it's just overwhelming, the number of individuals that are traumatized in these systems. and what we're trying to do is to really develop programs where we start to address what happened to you versus what's wrong with you. i think that was your phrase, maxine, that what was wrong versus, what happened versus what's wrong, so we can start to kind of chisel away at what happened so we can start to build people back up with strength-based kind of programming. and i think women are particularly vulnerable because, if you take a look at it on the sexual abuse side, 1 in almost 20, 1 in 4, it is the statistics that i've seen

and also in terms of domestic violence 15 to 45 percent, anywhere between 15 and 45 percent. so it is, that issue is particularly acute, i think, in terms of what the outcomes may be for the criminal justice system, correct? and i think the multiple systems that you find individuals with trauma histories intersecting with. you can look at the homeless programs, the substance use, the mental health, people in the state hospitals, and juvenile justice. and i think that common thread is that untreated early experience of childhood trauma. and for the men, of course. i mean i think particularly the military comes to mind that you've mentioned before, dr. clark, with the post-traumatic and the traumatic brain injuries that we're experiencing now. well, if you are focusing only on the criminal justice system, military returning veterans often have problems.

but you also have to recognize that there are settings where trauma is common. so ... which are? jails can be, and prisons where there's physical violence or the lifestyle of using drugs where people become vulnerable. there is this gradation in traumatic experiences that we have to take into consideration. women are more likely to be victims of sexual assault, although men are also the victims of sexual assault, but women are more likely. on the other hand, men are more likely to be victims of physical assault or engage in physical assault, so that then puts them in situations where they get incarcerated. the key issue that you're hearing dr. gillece and me mention, and that is making sure we assess for trauma as an integral part of any kind of assessment that we're dealing with. so, we're not dealing with the abuse excuse.

what we're dealing with is if, indeed, we want to break the cycle, we need to start with assessing the situation and informing the victim of what's really going on in their lives and in a way to start dealing with that. it's almost like opening a curtain for that individual to help them see reality. and, when we come back, i really want to focus more on children, youth, and families in trauma. we'll be right back. [music] samhsa has an initiative about trauma and justice, and we're really trying to work with the idea of trauma and its impact on physical illness, its impact on the community's health, and its impact on service delivery systems and what they need to do and their effectiveness.

so we are increasingly engaged in a conversation with other delivery systems, whether it's child welfare systems in which most of the children in that system have suffered some form of trauma in childhood, or whether it's the justice system in which many, many individuals in that system are experiencing trauma and have related behavioral health issues. we talk about trauma-informed care. it is something you screen for. it is also something that you include in the treatment strategy, and in some cases it's so paramount that if you fail to deal with it, you fail to address what's truly going on with the person. so, if a person is a victim of domestic violence, for instance, who presents to you for alcohol and drug use and all you focus on is alcohol and drugs, you're not dealing with the domestic violence. you're not putting that person in a safe environment. you want to return them to a hostile environment, and that certainly will not be good for them in terms of their physical health, but it's also not good for them with regards to the mental health or with regard to the substance-using disorder.

people trapped by drug or alcohol addiction often feel like there's no hope, no way out. but for every lock, there's a key. and if you have a problem it's good to know there are real solutions to help you get free. for drug or alcohol treatment referral for you or someone you know, call 1-800-662-help. brought to you by the u.s. department of health and human services. [music] a little over 7 years ago i was sleeping underneath of a bridge on the streets for 19 years eating out of a trash can, going in and out of correctional and mental health systems. i racked up 83 arrest and 66 convictions

all due to my substance abuse because i was trying to cope with the trauma that had happened in my life. and i would go in and out of prison, and they would say, "this is how you're going to spend the rest of your life, or you're going to die in the streets." once i was able to go to a program where my trauma was addressed, the tamar children program, my trauma was identified, addressed, and treated. i was able to change my belief system from "i am nothing" to "i am somebody," and i can be anything i want in this world. see, when my belief system changed, my thought process changed. and i started to make the best decisions based on me believing that i was worth a better life. dr. harris, let's focus a little bit on issues of trauma for children and youth. you've worked with families, you've worked with children and youth. what has been the typical experience within your center? one of the things that's very interesting is, we see about 500 children a year and almost every child we see has a mother who is also in services,

a mother who has been abused, who has been diagnosed with mental illness, or who is currently abusing substances. so, our children are at least second-generation, sometimes third-generation trauma survivors. and that's called generational trauma, correct? it is a transgenerational phenomena where the traumatic experience is tragically passed from one generation to another, sometimes because mothers who themselves have been victimized do not know how to protect their sons and daughters from the same victimization that befell them. and dr. clark, let's get into the issue of race and ethnicity. this has happened more poignantly within the native american and african american communities in terms of the same phenomena.