for the special slabs. >> the slab also has reinforcement, but it has much less than a conventional slab. >> they poured the slab one grade, sitting right on the ground? >> it is one great, but it is designed as a structural slab. we are counting on the bearing of the slab on grade because of the poor soil underneath. we used a structural slab. is interconnected, going back to what john mentioned with the pilings and the caps. >> even if the ground underneath the building settles, which it could do it in an earthquake, the slab will retain its application and integrity and strength. >> that is why it is 10 inches, thicker than your normal 5 inch slab. >> why should it be thicker than

the floor above? >> because the slabs on grade is a conventional slap, it is not post tension. >> one of the things the building designers do is to make the floor as thin as they reasonably can. >> there are several benefits to that. first of all, it reduces the mass of the building. we have 7.5 inch slab. conventional slab would probably be 10.5 inches, which is about 25% more concrete mass. it also reduces the overall floor to floor height, which helps with the architectural facade and the square footage. >> one of the things people are always looking at is decreasing the floor to floor height, especially in san francisco where we have clearly defined height limits, and maybe could squeeze another story and there

if you are good at it. we see a lot of people struggling with the thickness of all these assemblies, both the structural assembly and non structural which might be above the ceiling, where we have the heating, ventilation, plumbing, fire sprinklers. you say that the finish of the concrete slab can be exposed? >> in our building that is the case. >> that would mean you have exposed footings? >> the utilities, they are stealing the utilities, is that right? -- they are ceiling utilities, is that right? >> i am with the associated architects. within the dwelling units, which are not air-conditioned, the concrete ceiling is typically exposed. in most public areas, which may be heated and cooled with forced

air, that is where you get the dropped ceiling. also, corridors and public areas. >> the dwelling units do not have air-conditioning? >> they do not. they have heating but not air conditioning. >> do they have outside air? >> absolutely, they have windows and they also have a system called z-duct, which provides for a share even when the windows are closed. >> one of the reasons they have the systems, ever since 1974, chapter 12-day of the building code requires that you have sound transmission isolation between dwelling units so they cannot hear their neighbors, and between the residential units and the cars at outside. that specifically says that if you are in one of these noise areas, which are on the transit corridor, that you must design

the building such that you can ventilate the resident units with the windows closed, meeting all the noise control requirements. you close the windows and you still have enough ventilation, which is why people use z-ducts. >> that is correct. the bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans are on at a low-level all the time. even when the windows are closed they are always pulling in adequate amounts of ventilation from the exterior. >> are there any other special noise control features? >> the code required what is called sound transmission walls between the units. between units above and below also. the concrete floors are very good at deadening air-form sounds, but impact sounds are harder to control.

you could imagine a shoe reverberating through there, so we have to provide padding through hard finish material such as title or sheet vinyl to death in the sound. -- to daeden that sound. >> that means there is a specific floor assembly that goes down. maybe a carpet with pad. people 5, 10 years from now say i will replace the carpet or the linoleum, they do not fully understand that as part of the sound transmission assembly, required by the code, and to protect them. in many cases we see lawsuits from the generation of sound transmission. also, the walls between dwelling units, they are making the walls out of light gauge metal studs. in order to make the sound transmission work, you have to do these exactly right. you have to have the sound

isolation between the sheet rock and the stud, and stud and the sheet rock on the other side. how are you doing that? >> we have a couple different wall assemblies. there is one that goes between units, st. ford assembly with two layers of dry wall -- straight forward assembly with two layers of dry wall. then we have a sound wall assembly for the shaft. that is a special stub that allows you to insert the dry wall panels from the side that you are standing on. >> we are looking up and i see this crane. we have been reading about crane issues and safety. come over here and tell us a little bit about safety on this structure, the safety program, and about how the crane fits in. >> it is probably one of the most dangerous pieces of equipment and it is the most rigorously protected. we had cal osha out here doing

test weeks. >> cal-osha comes out because the state of california, unlike the city of new york or other places, in the state of california, cranes are inspected by the state, not the local jurisdiction. in the wake of the crane collapse in california in 1990, the board of supervisors passed legislation which is now still in it regulations in the building code that requires crane safety programs to make sure that the building department is collecting all the information, but we reply. we rely on kali should do the actual infection. what did they do for an inspection? >> they bring about 20,000 pounds of test weights and check all the weight limits and wells and electronics and connections and the limits. they do everything. >> is there somebody up there right now? >> there is thomas in the cab. >> can you get him on the radio

and have him we've to us. -- and have him wave to us. there is a job. >> there is no bathroom. we will not discuss that. >> the safety rules say there have to be some provision. >> there is a provision. >> don't stand under. >> we have a couple of different kinds of cranes around the city. we have a fixed height crane, like this, and then we have some that are climbing cranes. >> this is a free standing crane, not bolted down. about all of these big concrete waits? >> 160 pounds of concrete is the ballast week. >> did you have to pour a big foundation under that? >> this is a construction method that we get to, we work with the

contractor. we get a load from the crane manufacturer, figure out the downward load and the overturn load. we then make sure that the foundation can take that load. also, all the anchors on the floor are adequate. >> why would you do this instead of fastening it to a fixed base? >> this crane is not part of the foundation system, so it is out board of the structure. basically, it is something that worked well with the courtyard and a landscaping and the irrigation outside. in one month, the crane that is going up will be part of the foundation. >> bolted to it? >> exactly. >> the other kind of crane, which worked their way up as the building that's taller and lift themselves up and slide and. >> those are climbers. >> the climbing crane. it was a climbing crane that collapsed in 1990.

>> we do not like climbing cranes. >> they are safe if they are done correctly. no margin. not much margin. >> how you get one of those set up if it is not a climbing grain and there is a fixed piece underneath? how does that it set up? >> the crane is brought in it in sections. as the foundation is poured in, the, up with a mobile crane unit, put out the section, then they build the jib on the ground. >> what list it up? >> 225-ton portable crane. >> they bring out another crane to set up the cream? >> exactly. >> this particular crane is brand new and it automatically shuts down at 35 mob. hour wind. -- at 35 miles per hour wind. >> i got a call a while back

from some neighbors who said the crane was spinning around, free- spending, and i am worried. when they shot down, they're not fixed into position. they are allowed to rotate freely with the wind. weathervaning. when their shutdown, they'd still move because it reduces the load on the crane. >> i am wondering to what degree the guy at the top is typical there? and the weight will have a strain the further out. the u carry weight that you would not be able to take to the end of the boom? how you keep from it malfunctioning and going to the end of the boom? >> basically it has a 145-foot jib on it. as you go out, the capacity goes down. this crane is good for about 17,005 propounds at 50 feet.

there are warning systems on the crane. if he actually tries to override the system it will shut down. the only thing he will be allowed to do is drop a load. >> as the ground moves, if you exceed the 3 inches that you have designed for the building to settle down, what would happen? how would that movement transmit through the floor? >> most of the settlement takes place right after construction. the settlement that there were mentioning his total sediment, due to the mass of the building itself. once we get an earthquake, the foundation is designed such that all of the friction forces against the piles resist any further displacement. there will be some displacement, but it is all calculated into

the computer model that we have generated. >> how much settlement would you expect from the initial baseline? >> typically, with piling foundations, 1 inch or less. three-quarters of an inch is what is expected. >> does that impact any of the systems in the building or anything? >> most of the settlement occurs during construction. as you lower the material a continues. what she did most of the building structure up, then you put the finishing on it and you cannot see the cracks because most of the settlement will be gone. >> let's talk about greene design. a big thing and san francisco, before the board of supervisors, is legislation, if this building were built next year, would require that this have

eight lead certified building, silver building if it were built next year. what kind of green provisions are built into the building? >> we have done as much as we can with the checklist with the limitations and budgetary constraints that we have. we're hoping to be certified to achieve just under the lead silver level, although we're not going for the certification because of the process on this particular building. >> can you mention specific green building construction strategies? >> we have worked with our structural engineer using flash in the concrete. >> what is that and why is a green? >> it is a byproduct of industrial waste, basically, the smoke from the smokestack, ash

that is collected. it provides a great material, a great part of the concrete mix. it is recycled and is relatively inexpensive, although it is getting more expensive because there is a lot of demand for it. >> any other green -- >> it affects the curing of the concrete, prolongs it. >> does it affect the ultimate strength? >> it actually improves it. >> as far as the budget, with our contractors, because of the curing time, it is expensive. we could have put more cash in the concrete, but the more they put in, the longer the curing time and the longer the schedule and the higher the cost. >> any other green features of note in this high-rise? >> there are a number of features, such as using recycled products such as carpet,

cabinetry, things like that. we are using what they call no added formaldehyde wood in the cabinets. the building is largely not air- conditioned, which in our climate, it is benign, so it allows that. that is a green point. >> what about water strategies? >> when you talk about lead certification, a lot of the factors taken into account are things we are able to achieve just by virtue of the outstanding location, walking distance to the best transit hub in the city. we have walking services for just about anything anybody could want. >> we have high efficiency boilers to heat the water.

it is a water source domestic heating system. >> what is next to the tower crane? we have a big blue piece. what is that? >> that is a concrete placing boom. that is how i put the concrete up onto the deck. the concrete truck will back into here, go to the hopper. then i have a slight line that runs up the center of the boom. that completes all the dax, walls, and columns with that. >> it must take a lot of power to push that. how much concrete do you typically place? >> on an average day, the walls, 147 yards. the deck is about 210. >> how much is in a truck delivery? >> 10 yards. >> so you have a bunch of trucks backed up, all day long. where is the concrete coming

from? >> we have bodie concrete off of third street. >> there are not that many concrete suppliers left in san fences. they used to be a bunch. is there anybody else beside bodie? >> we like bodie. >> they are bringing concrete in from a distance because there are not many yards anymore. in general, san francisco, part of the planning issues and san francisco are the loss of p.e.r. production and construction related services. we still have some, but now we're seeing more and more of these services outside of the city and the cost goes up because you have to import goods and workers. when you get your bricks fixed in your car, pretty soon you'll have to go outside of san francisco because it is becoming not a friendly place. i know the planning department is working hard to keep it in

its working condition, and i wish them luck. the way that these concrete walls are don is typically there is a prefabricated panel that is set in place. these prefabricated panels? >> plywood and to and studs. at the top, those were poured yesterday. we will take them apart. >> it has formed release material so the concrete is not stick to it. >> correct, it is a special plywood with a finnish sauna that lets it strip easier and then we also spree with oil. >> than a pop these apart and reuse the panel's. >> we will change the plan would usually one time through the 12 story building is because the plywood starts to get worn. >> howdy keep everything perfectly lined up? -- how do you keep everything perfectly lined up?

>> we have control lines and we have crude lines -- and a grid lines with the surveyors. we plumb everything up. >> about how close, what is the tolerance? >> before it is tension, within a 16th of an inch. as the building gets attention, it begins to shrink. -- as the building gets tensioned, it begins to shrink. >> what is the allowable tolerance for the design? can you move things around a quarter inch or so to get things to fit together? >> amkor bridge would be a lot. 1/8 of an inch is typical. -- a quarter inch would be a lot. one eighth of an inch is typical. obviously, certain areas are more critical than others. there are a lot of the dimensions that come out of scale access requirements that

they have to be met. the city has a field inspector who will come out and measure every one of those. we try not to design tight areas in close proximity to concrete walls, but sometimes it is necessary. >> the california building code specifically says you are allowed to use reasonable construction tolerances and we have adopted a regulation and california in the san francisco building code, a copy on the table, the san francisco building code, a couple thousand pages, and it tells us what tolerances are allowable, and it is not a lot. if they say do not exceed, you may not exceed at all. every floor, it is an elevator building, so every floor and unit has to be accessible from the public spaces, correct? >> what the code requires typically in california is that every unit has to have a clear

path of travel to the front door of the unit, as well as through all public areas of the building. within the unit, a certain percentage of those have to be outfitted with grab bars and additional clearance required for floor accessibility. >> that is important for a big building and high rise because you have to lay this out exactly right. the plumbing has to be in exactly the right place, the walls have to be exactly right all the way up or you did not meet the very critical tolerances. it is a real challenge to make sure it is exactly where it belongs. >> we're talking before about post tension slabs, which are a wonderful tool for reducing concrete in making buildings lighter and less expensive. but you need a precise path through the slab. those openings for plumbing, electrical, etcetera, have to be designed have time. once they are there, you cannot change them a lot. some building owners do not understand that you cannot drill

holes through the slab 20 years from now. >> tellez with that is? >> that would be a fire sprinkler pipe. >> we have a bunch of different types. this is fire sprinkler pipe. they hang this from the ceiling somehow, run the fire sprinkler line through here. about all the inserts and all the fittings, there is a lot of pre planning and coordination. you cannot drill into the slab. all the guys are up there nailing inserts from the top on the layout, all the walls laid out. there is a threaded insert ready for this. >> they did not go below and drill a hole. >> no, you see the spray painted lines? they basically give as a guideline so we know where the tendons are. >> all this is figured out before you pour the slab. then the wall is going out. the walls are, what are the

call? what is this made of? >> they are framed with light gauge steel studs, which are typically 25 gauge. on this project, because it is a high-rise, they tend to be heavier due to the acceleration forces on the upper floors. typically one, too, or more layers of drywall over that. >> how much movement can we expect in a building like this, either with wind load or seismic load? high-rise buildings are usually built by either wind or seismic. in this case, it is not that paul. it -- is not that tall. the most buildings in san francisco bay area are not covered by wind, except maybe in the central valley. maybe wood frame buildings with large surface areas. seismic, or earthquake is what is governing this design.

th. the lateral system is the bearing wall, fairly stiff. i cannot recall the actual displacements, but they are not much more than a couple of inches. >> how do we finished these? give us a clue how you finish this thing. >> most of the exterior sa are what is called glass fiber reinforced concrete. it looks somewhat similar to the precast concrete panels. both are exterior skin panels fabricated of sight and brought to the site and assemble at the side of the building. it is three-quarters of an inch thick.

mostly to steal, and it has to be engineered as a separate item functioning together, installed on to the face of the building. windows, doors, etc. go into openings, they get slashed and sealed with a joint sealant. typically we try and maintain 3 1/4 inch gaps between any kind of door or window, and a penetration to the outside. >> one issue with all buildings is water perpetration. probably the no. 1 problem is water leakage. how do we prevent that here? we have calking, flashing. >> obviously the flashing goes in first. we use a couple of different kinds, and a lot is typical

galvanized sheet metal. in some more specialized or demanding locations, we have a number of different rise to flashing materials, some more stressed than others. we also use some materials that have a thin coating, a type that comes from clay and has the ability when it gets wet, it expands a little bit. >> people are always selling waterproofing materials, but one type works really really well with no holes. the other thing that works is when people use this field does not leak. but as soon as you require whether proofing or caulking, it

does not shrink, it all fails. one of the first things to go is almost always the weather proofing detail. unless it's says expanding, it tracks -- it does not shrink. at the very end of this, we have to put a roof appear. what is it made of? >> it is a conventional roof with layers of asphalt impregnated belts and a coating. it is a traditional roof. we want tail construction to provide us at such terrific access, and this is a terrific opportunity. we also want to thank -- thank the architects and engineers and all the soil contractors. thank you very much.

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>> good morning, everybody. welcome to the technology summit. we are looking forward to a fantastic day. we are going to start with a demonstration of the wii system. it is an interactive gaming system that allows people to play different activities and participate in different fitness activities together. a lot of wii systems, about 40, are being deployed around the city to different senior centers and residents facilities to encourage older adults to get more involved with physical activity using technology.