slide, page 27, i hope it is page 27, the water out false to be inspected and repaired. 7 -- several of them are cast- iron, sitting in the salt water bay, it has been major repairs needed to the tune of having to replace users allowing the water to exit the pipes and large, structural projects with seismic constraint particularly for se and north point. southeast is one that had been damaged as a shipping area that had the top of the outfall. on the west side, it is concrete. being in saltwater and concrete, the concrete apparently gets

stronger. this is a wonderful thing. we will also be taking a look at that. periodically we have to go out to inspect that, and it is a short period of time to do work. we do not anticipate it being a lot of work, but there will be a lot of work ahead of north point of your e.f. at some point there would be replacement required. >> [inaudible] >> we also have the treasure island treatment plant. we are now the operator responsible for maintenance. in the near future we will be the permit holders for the

treasure island treatment plant as that island begins to develop. it is in court condition right now. on a regular basis in experience is failure of equipment. the new plant would be planned and built with development, looking at several different alternatives. that would be the type of thing on a project by project basis where the commission could have proposals for that plant. >> [inaudible] >> yes. including the capital programs. the overall benefits -- >> what will happen on treasure island? there is a lack of clarity sfgov.or[unintelligible] >> we know that we will need two mgd plants.

we are trying to time it with the development schedules so that there are people on the island and the corrections system has challenges. those are being addressed through the smaller ones included this year, we are likely to see more. the treatment plant on the island would look to use a natural system. we will look at the different alternatives available and comparisons in the long term. >> what we have discussed here before is the collection system being primarily replaced by the developer, who will be responsible for the new treatment plant. >> will that be a dual system? >> the discussion has been that we would be looking [unintelligible]

>> i can see, shaking his head. >> currently is a separated system. we have no intention to go into a combined system. it is very costly. with the mayor's office involved as a developer, that is not the intent. >> the climate change activities for treasure island is designed around the reuse of storm water and things on the island so it is a different view of the world. >> we are hoping to have a recycled water source from that plan on the island. the other benefits of the treatment plant upgrades, there will be a seismic upgrade to the system.

we will also reduce adverse impacts that our treatment plants cause to neighbors. for instance, odors that go past the fence line and can affect people that live adjacent. the biggest thing is making sure that we maintain permit compliance. we have always been proud of our waste water system and we want to maintain it so that it stays in high regard with the state. i have asked humphrey to come up to talk about the technology sector and that fit best with the workshop. this would give to the question of the new technology that we are looking at. he will spend a couple of moments going through this with you. >> good morning, commissioners.

this is a brief overview of the innovative technologies we have considered in the recommendation. typically agencies look at innovative technologies but when there is a regulatory driver probabl. also when we need to repay -- replace our aging facilities. in addition to these drivers, there are other reasons to have innovative technologies. this table summarizes the potential benefits that these technologies can give us. they are more or less in line with the bottom line criteria position to to giving us better treatment quality for reliable operation.

reducing the capital in treatment costs, reducing the chemicals, changing some of the pollutant discharge. it can also provide social or community benefits, like reducing the footprint of the facility or going to a treatment process that would generate less odor. i will give you some interesting examples of these technologies we have considered. first is called thermal hydrolysis, pretreatment process that would make the biomass much more combustible

and hazard free, satisfying the class a requirement. bringing the temperature up to 320 degrees fahrenheit, 90 psa. coating it for a few moments, then releasing it into the atmosphere, you cause cells director, making the sludge easily digestible and much less viscous, reducing the volume requirements. we can have fewer and smaller digests. this technology has been in the industry for about 15 years. the enterprise that extensive pilot tests from 2001 through

2003. over the last decade this process has continued to improve. now it has over 20 worldwide with a big presence in the uk. the united states, washington, d.c. will be the first to build this fence and are designed to have the contracts out next week. that is something that is several times bigger. a novel drying technology, nothing new -- it has been practiced for over 100 years, but the purpose is to reduce the volume of bio-solids so that it changes the consistency to make it more suitable for the production of commercial fertilizer or use it as fuel. in recent years there have been

more developments in terms of looking at alternatives to high temperature and low temperature drying out and solar energy. this is an example in the bay area. the city has been operating this for about five years. basically it is like a large green house, relying on solar energy to drive out the solids. a simple, mechanical structure with the baez's that automatically turn the solids. this is what is called the electronic mold. an automatic recall. you can achieve good dryness of the 90% solids and if you satisfied that the class say

this advantage has been realized as it has a large footprint with a large enough space in the city. waste water, my colleague came up with this idea to use a variation. the pilot has at oceanside has shown good performance. but blacks [inaudible] -- >> [inaudible] >> there is, but not as much as

thermal driving. in a city like this where you have odor control it goes along with that. >> the footprint as far as the size that we are talking about that would be required? >> the footprint, it would be about 3 1/4 times larger than the footprint for thermal drying. anywhere from 8 acres to 10 acres. next? he well injection, a process whereby the proposal in the petrochemical industry, this is considered as a permanent disposal for by all solids.

it involves drilling a well down with a location relative to your geological formation with a good sediment layers at that depth. with another layer of clay or rock formations. preventing a this version of words. so, you would slurry the bio solids down the well. over time the water with the spurs out into the sediment -- would dispersed out into the 7 layer. -- sediment layer. temperatures down there will be [unintelligible]

compared to digestion, so the solids would continue to degrade, generating methane and carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide under pressure remains dissolved in water. methane can be harvested for renewable energy. each well can operate from 10 to 20 years. a pilot study that is ongoing, sponsored by the epa, the plan is to bring about 400 tons of wet cake from the larger plan to, digesting the sludge and injected down the well.

the process would monitor performance, reliability, and how much is covered. the project does not seem to be going very well but they are in the process of bringing a third well. they also need to inject the brine from reverse osmosis. unfortunately, we talked to this company a couple of times to get a preliminary look at the geological formation. we could not find it feasible location. when i asked them to look at the properties in alameda or santa clara. >> [inaudible] you said that this could be a product? >> los angeles is also drilling a deep well to dispose of the

brine that is the concentrated wastes from reverse osmosis processes. the next is called supercritical water oxidation, a process that was developed several decades ago for hazardous waste treatment. it brings water to a high temperature and pressure in the neighborhood of 1100 fahrenheit, close to 4000 psi. the water enters a super critical stage where the behavior is between a liquid and vapor. at that stage, a chemical reaction can proceed much more efficiently. given sufficient oxygen supply,

you can achieve sufficient oxidation of organic matter. i had a picture of the example on the upper right corner. these are not bio-solids. i believe that black sludge is the industrial sludge. what you are left with after words as water, carbon dioxide, and minerals. the concern with this process is that it would require these reactors, made of long, thin pipes in a certain -- serpentine arrangements, how well this reactor could withstand to the high temperature erosion abrasion and the degree of the sludge is a concern. this process had a few unsuccessful files over the last

couple of decades, but recently orlando, florida, moved into the process of starting an optimizing the process. a company in ireland has been operating a successful demonstration unit for about two years. digestion is part of our san francisco green cycle program. providing benefits to collect restaurant waste and keep it away from our sewers. very digestible. it would involve a simple receiving station. there would need to be good odor control and may be some process to remove the debris and additional water sfgov.or

[unintelligible] we are conducting a study at southeast related to the production to generate biodiesel. i can give you several examples of the co-digestion. having done it for years, down south of the river. next is the biofuel category, involving processes that convert biomasses been to gas, liquid, or solid. with a high fuel value, it can be handled and burned like regular fuel.

one example i will give is this process called slurry carb, involving high temperatures as high as supercritical water bringing slurry to 450 degrees, 600 psi. you limit the oxygen supply in the condition and it undergoes a process where it breaks down into carbon dioxide and a charred substance. you can harvest the charge for fuel. one example of the use of this fuel is cemented. here i have a picture of the rialto.

a private developer conversion of vayo solid to energy. -- vayo -- and i think they just finished the selection process, the rfq process, and they are working on an rfp for fun of production. another example of the

technology we are looking at, alternative the equipment. we are interested in looking at alternatives that can give us better performance, lower energy means lower maintenance requirements. the driver for considering our alternative is our interest in moving away from chlorine disinfection. not only does it give us environmental benefits that can reduce the production of chlorinated byproducts, also in the past, we have seen large fluctuations of the chemical cost. so that gives us an economic

incentive to look at alternatives. we are now considering technology for this. we look at technology 15 years ago but the technology at the time was not economically feasible. we had to build the a large facility with tens of thousands of uv lamps, and it also uses much more energy. now over the last decade, technology has improved. we can generate uv light of more efficiently. i also wanted to mention, you feel like -- a uv light is more effective in sanitizing.

it gives us more flexibility in the future to the regulatory requirement and by addressing these pathogens. >> [inaudible] >> could we scale up to uv so that we do not use chlorine products at all? if we use uv technology, is there the capacity to use just uv, thus moving completely away from chlorine? >> it is possible. right now, the more feasible for arrangement would be uv for

secondary this infection but stay with chlorine for primary disinfection, during wet weather. we had a recent example using uv also for primary influence. the city of honolulu is a plant using uv 4 disinfection. some nearby examples -- vallejo, a small city in the pacifica. we are also looking at a novel this infection process known as

pasteurization. this is still in the embryonic stage. the idea is to take the hot exhaust denigrated from the plant's energy recovery process, and use it to pass your eyes. similar process to new pasteurization. the issue is if we can make it efficient. we are developing, with the inventor, a pprototype. next is the process for new trade recovery. -- nutrient recovery. hoss perce and ammonium nitrogen can be recovered -- phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen can be recovered to be used as a high

grade fertilizer. in the corner is a photograph of what it may look like. this actually causes problems. it can cause maintenance problems. so this process would eliminate that process for us. if we go with this process, it would be even more feasible. ammonium nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations would be much higher in the hour cycle streams. now some words of caution when we consider these new technologies. we need to understand what risks are involved when we are

doing something new and how much risk are we willing to take? we can take lessons from successes and failures in the past. typically, each technology goes through a maturity cycle. you can consider these waste water technologies, but a similar cycle can be applied to cell phones, televisions. initially, it would take some time for the process to gain demonstration scale, testing, if that is successful. if the results are successful, there will be more to follow. the number of installation would continue to grow. in this space, the process would

also continue to optimize. in the third generation, it would turn into a mature technology and may even become industry standard. each generation in the waste water industry will probably be 10, 20 years apart. over time, it will be replaced by newer technologies. this will be the cycle for a successful technology, but it could also turn out to be a failure in the first applications. so how much risk is