>> woodruff: at least 29 people are still missing after a cruise liner capsized with 4,000 passengers off the coast of italy. good evening. i'm judy woodruff. >> suarez: and i'm ray suarez. on the newshour tonight, we have the latest from alex thomson of independent television news, plus we sort through some of the legal and safety issues stemming from such maritime accidents. >> woodruff: we get a campaign 2012 update from christina bellantoni and susan page as the g.o.p. presidential field narrows to five. >> suarez: we look at the rebuilding and recovery efforts in haiti two years after a

devastating earthquake killed over 300,000 people and left more than a million homeless. >> woodruff: and we close on this martin luther king, jr., birthday with two takes on his powerful rhetoric. >> i have a dream that one day this nation will rise up. >> we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. >> woodruff: that's all ahead on tonight's newshour. major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >. bnsf railway. >> the william and flora hewlett foundation, working to solve social and environmental problems at home and around the world. and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you.

thank you. >> suarez: search teams in italy struggled against rough seas today, as they looked for survivors and bodies on a capsized cruise ship. two americans were among the missing. the gel vesseran aground and tipped over friday, off tuscany in the north of italy. at least six people died. another concern also emerged as oil began leaking from the ship. we begin with a report narrated by alex thomson of independent television news. >> reporter: protective booms to contain oil floated around the wreck today as a human accident now threatens to become an environmental problem. just three hours into the cruise, costa con concorde extra would have loaded with all manners of chemicals to say nothing of fuel for the voyage. air lifting rescue teams from the hull today.

their search for missing crew and passengers aborted for several hours amid worsening sea conditions. the stricken 114,000 ton ship shifting in the swell on the notorious reef making the search impossible. >> it is not an easy mission on such a big and complex ship. lots of objects are moving in there now, furniture, beds, cupboards. it will be dangerous and we have to be very careful. >> reporter: 4,200 people got out alive. this british passenger, a dancer on the ship arriving at heathrow airport today. >> when you're considering whether you're going to survive, you're worrying not... other people are worrying about you. >> reporter: on land extraordinary developments. the cruise line bosses blaming their own captain for the wreck without waiting for any investigation. >> we believe it has been a human error here. the captain did not follow the

authorized route which is used by costa ships very frequently. >> reporter: yet navigation decisions are never taken alone. the bridge is a joint operation. this ship, this company, maybe a very public tradition of steering close to this reef. june 2011, fog horns blaring, super structure lit, here she is close to the rocks. passengers in sight loved it. local fishermen publicly complained even then she was coming too close, far too close. shipping sources told channel 4 news it tacitly is accepted that few giant cruise ships with meet the legal safety requirements to abandon ship within 30 minutes. passenger video emerged today inside a life boat.

they discuss what's just happened. >> we hit a rock. >> that can't be true. we hit really hard. >> it hit against some rocks but it didn't shake. it went brrrr and then it stopped. >> that's true. >> i'm sorry but these people always do the same route. they should know that the bottom is shallow here. it's impossible that they didn't know. >> reporter: the captain remains in police custody suspected of manslaughter. he denies abandoning the ship, an offense which also carries a prison sentence. >> suarez: we take a >> suarez: we take a closer look at the accident now with rudy maxa, a long-time travel writer, currently contributing to "national geographic traveler" magazine. he also hosts his own show on pbs, 'rudy maxa's world." and richard alsina is a lawyer who specializes in maritime law and represents passengers in personal injury trials. richard alsina, we just heard

from alex thompson's report that already the attention is being focused on the actions of the captain. do ocean-going passenger ships have the equivalent of a black box so the events leading up to that running aground can be recreated without using human recollection? >> most of the modern ships do. so it. >> suarez: so it will only be a matter of time that we'll be able to piece together the events that led up to this incident. >> yeah, the concordia is a fairly modern ship. they should the equivalent of a black box and they should recorded with telemetry of where they were and what was happening on the bridge. >> suarez: rudy maxa, are these voyages becoming more risky not because of any inherent danger in the ship but because the sheer size of these new liners means that if something does go wrong, you've got to get many thousands of people safely off that vessel? >> well, there's no question

that it takes more effort to get a lot of people off as opposed to a few people off. but the ships have life jackets. they have life boats to equate to number of passengers. just from what we've heard over the last three days, this seemed to be... i mean, first of all, there was no safety get-together. every cruise ship before it begins cruising generally before it begins cruising-- i underline that-- has all the passengers get together in an enormous, usually in the theater, and they learn how to put on their life jackets. they learn how to go to the life boats. they are divided up into segments so they can go to life boats in an orderly way. none of that happened on this ship. apparently the crew... i know a lot of the crew doubles as waiters and as rescue personnel. but in this case i certainly hope they were better waiters than rescue personnel because it seemed to be pandemonium from all accounts so far. >> suarez: richard alsina, are there international regulations, norms, standards?

often a ship is owned in one place, crewed with people from another place, operated from a captain from a third place altogether. is there an international entity tere an international entity that says, this is what has to happen if something goes wrong? >> well, what you have is safety of love at sea. it's a convention that applies to all cruiseship. costa wholly owned by carnival corporation. when costa is sailing in u.s. waters out of ft. lauderdale or the other place if it sails out of here in miami, you do have a boat drip. you do follow all the safety requirements. now obviously these folks were in europe. things may be different over there. but it doesn't excuse the not having the safety drill before they set sail and explaining to people what they're supposed to do. they run the bells so you know what it sounds like if there is an emergency. so if costa decided not to do that in this particular incident, that would be

deviating from the norm. usually it is done and under law it should have been done. >> suarez: are the people who are acting as safety officers, hearding the crew from one place to another, are they mariners or are they members of the staff: cooks, waiters, entertainers, other kinds of people who are on board ship? >> the officers tend to be professional mariners. anyone underneath an officer, anyone not a rank is usually a land-based person who got a job with the cruise ship because they tend to pay better salaries than what these people can accomplish in their own countries. they are given basic training. they all double in their jobs. your cabin steward will also be directing you to your life boat and telling you what to do as will your waiter, as will everybody else on that ship. >> suarez: rudy maxa, if you want to shop safety when you're shopping a cruise, is there any way to compare one company to another, its records to another company's record of performance at sea?

>> i don't know if there's a website that i can quote that tells you how to do that, but they're certainly given the access through the internet, you can put in ships. you know, some ships change entire companies. you may hear about a ship going out of service on say one of the carnival cruise lines and it can appear suddenly sailing in the ball tick or the mediterranean under a different flag, different colors, different paint job, different crew. it's not easy for the average cruise passenger to trace the history of a ship and certainly not to trace the history of captains. this captain's career is obviously over. most would be in this case. there's not one definitive place that you go that ranks safety as you might do with airlines, for example. >> suarez: richard, the company is calling them heroes but there are scathing reviews from passengers about the behavior of the crew. as they try to nail down the cause of the accident, will there also be as part of the investigation a review. safety procedures taken and

who was in charge? >> well, if we were here in the united states, the answer would be a definite yes under the ntsb and the other organizations that, you know, analyze accidents here in the u.s. because again you're in europe, you're in italy, i don't know how thorough they're going to be. costa is an italian corporation. i don't know how connected they are to the government. i mean, we all know what happened here when the cruise lines were being investigated by congress. when american-hawaiian went under after 9/11 and nsl started sailing ships out there, they petitioned congress to be able to have a 50% foreign crew which had never existed before in u.s. waters and congress gave it to them. so there is very close connection between governments and cruise ships. they make an incredible amount of money. they have very huge lobbies. that's here in the u.s. so in places like italy, i would not be surprised if things don't

turn out the way we would want them to and are not as crystal clear as they would be if the investigation was done here. >> suarez: to close, even though the pictures are horrifying and if you put yourself in those passengers places, it must have been an awful night. it is important to remember that more than 4,000 people got off that ship alive and well. there's a pretty rare event. isn't it? >> it's it is a rare event. it certainly happened before. i'm delighted that that many people got off. i think if they were not so close to land we might have a totally different story here tonight. i'm hoping to pick up on your last question to richard. i'm hoping in this case that the lawyers will do their job if the government doesn't do the job as far as investigating what kind of pre-safety procedures there were or weren't. and all those other legal questions that i think are going to come up. yeah, we got very lucky. i mean the world got very lucky. those passengers got very lucky they were actually so close to land. if they hadn't been close to

land, the accident probably wouldn't have happened. as in many things in life it's a double-edged sword. >> suarez: gentlemen, thank you both. >> thank you. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: still to come on the newshour, campaign 2012: then there were five; haiti, two years after the devastating quake; and the words of martin luther king, jr. but first, the other news of the day. here's hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: standard and poor's has downgraded its credit rating on the eurozone's rescue fund by one notch. the ratings agency made that move today. the effect will be to make it harder for the fund to raise bailout money at low interest rates. s&p had cut its rating for france, austria, spain, and italy on friday. so far, other ratings agencies have not followed suit. pakistan's political crisis deepened today as the supreme court began contempt proceedings against the prime minister. yousuf r.sdthayes to appear on thursday. he is charged with failing to pursue a case against president asif ali zardari that goes back

to the 1990s. veteran lawyers in islamabad said it is clear the high court will not back off. >> there's no way that the prime minister cannot escape from this. he will have to appear before the supreme court. he will have to respond to the law and respond to the constitution of pakistan. until and unless he doesn't respond in a lawful manner, i don't think there is any escape with the prime minister. >> sreenivasan: the pakistani regime also faces growing tensions with the military. that conflict stems from a secret government memo that sought u.s. help to prevent a military coup. in iraq, separate car bombings killed at least eleven people, in the latest attack on the country's shiites. the first bomb exploded in the north, in a district near the city of mosul. several hours later, to the south, a second blast tore through an industrial zone in the town of hillah. iraq has seen an uptick in violence since u.s. troops left in december. at least 150 iraqis have died in bombings since the new year began.

a crippling nationwide strike in nigeria has ended after six days of demonstrations. labor unions suspended the walkout when the government partially restored subsidies to keep gasoline prices low. at the same time, the government deployed soldiers onto the streets of lagos to stop the demonstrators. troops haven't been called into the streets since nigeria abandoned military rule for democracy in 1999. the online shoe retailer zappos warned today that it was hacked this weekend. the company e-mailed its 24 million customers, saying their names, phone numbers, and encrypted passwords may have been accessed. zappos says the last four digits of customers' credit cards were also exposed, but not their full credit card information. the company is advising patrons to reset their passwords to the site, and any similar passwords to other accounts. those are some of the day's major stories. now, back to judy. >> woodruff: voters will head to the polls this coming saturday for the primary election in south carolina. but the field of republican

presidential candidates left standing has now winnowed to five. for jon huntsman, today marked the end of the campaign trail. the former utah governor and u.s. ambassador to china announced his intentions in myrtle beach, south carolina. >> today i am suspending my campaign for the presidency. i believe it is now time for our party to unite around the candidate best equipped to defeat barack obama. despite our differences and the space between us on some of the issues, i believe that candidate is governor mitt romney. >> woodruff: romney did not join huntsman at the event. instead the former massachusetts governor released a statement shortly after the endorsement. in it, he said, "i salute jon huntsman and his wifet'@y mary kay. jon ran a spirited campaign based on unity not division

and love of country. i appreciate his friendship and support." the poll released over the weekend showed romney holding a 20-point lead in south carolina. rick santorum and ron paul were tied for second followed by newt gingrich and rick perry. other polls show romney with a slimmer lead. huntsman had been running last before his withdrawal today. he urged the remaining candidates to stop attacking each other. >> at its core the republican party is a party of ideas. but the current toxic form of our political discourse does not help our cause. >> woodruff: but that advice may not take. santorum complained today to a pro romney political action committee is airing ads that distort his record on voting rights for felons. >> maybe his super pacs criticized governor romney for being soft because, in fact,

his position.... >> woodruff: the former pennsylvania senator was pressing to emerge as the lead alternative to romney. he got a boost this weekend when he won the support of evangelical leaders who gathered in texas. gingrich, meanwhile, played up the notion that he is the conservative answer to romney during a sunday appearance on cbs. >> i think it's very hars him to differentiate romney-care from obama care. it's very hard him to differentiate pointing... appointing liberal judges which he did when he was the governor of massachusetts. i mean these are things that are going to come up. i think for the conservative movement it makes it more difficult frankly. that's why i think here in south carolina, i'm probably going to win next saturday because as a georgia reagan conservative, i fit much more comfortably with the average south carolina republican. >> woodruff: meanwhile texas governor rick perry continued looking for votes in south carolina including at this event in myrtle beach.

>> i'm the one person on that stage who is an outsider. i'm the one person on that stage who has a record of 11 years' worth of operating a major entity and working in the same environment basically with democrats and republicans and been successful at it. i'm the one individual who has been a consistent social and fiscal conservative for my entire life. >> woodruff: texas congressman ron paul also campaigned in south carolina today. >> one thing that i think our federal government needs to do, i'm running to be president of the i didn't, and my position is spending is the first year to cut $1 trillion out of the budget. ( applause ) >> woodruff: all five republican contenders meet tonight for the first of two debates this week leading up to the south carolina primary on saturday. >> woodruff: with more on the

campaign and what to watch for in tonight's debate we're joined by christina bellantoni, political editor at the newshour, and susan page, washington bureau chief for "u.s.a. today." it's good to have you both with us. susan, i'm going to start with you. why did huntsman get out so soon after he said he would stay in onon the day he got this big state newspaper endorsement in south carolina? >> in fact, the state where he devoted all his resources new hampshire he only came in third and not even a close third. it was not... he did not really get propelled to south carolina in the way he had hoped to. if you look at the national polls and the state polls he never got out of single digits. he's conservative in policy but moderate in tone. that was really out of sync with the republicans who are so mad at barack obama, so determined to defeat him. he just never made his case with republican voters. >> woodruff: christina, was this an abrupt decision on his part? >> this was building over the weekend. he made a big point to say he had a ticket to ride out of new hampshire but it was pretty clear looking at a lot of the numbers that that would not translate to a win in

south carolina. probably not going to do anything in florida either. i think when he talked his over with his family his advisors said he made the final final decision yesterday. i think something like this it just takes time to come to the decision. >> woodruff: what would you add to what susan said about why his candidacy didn't take off? >> very interesting. the obama campaign made very clear that they were concerned about his candidacy. they felt like he's somebody who could appeal to the moderates and independents who are in the middle and telling pollster pollsters that they aren't happy with the direction the country is going. he had a lot of his appeal. that's not what republican primary voters seem to be looking for at this point. >> woodruff: he endorsed mitt romney. mitt romney didn't even bother to show up for this endorsement. how much difference if any does it make. >> he's transferring support to mitt romney because he doesn't really but i do think it feeds the perception know mitt romney is now the inevitable nominee, that the party establishment is coalescing behind him.

we certainly see that in national polls and the gallup polls today. romney up to 37%. historically the candidate who leads the republican candidate who leads after new hampshire has invariably gotten the nomination. it would defy history for someone else to get the nomination not mitt romney at this point. >> woodruff: it's not a matter of votes. it's just a matter of.... >> it's a matter of the party with the exception of newt gingrich and rick santorum and rick perry the party as a whole seems to be coming together on mitt romney. even republicans who are not thrilled with the idea of mitt romney as the nominee find him acceptable as the nominee. that's one of the things that makes it hard to knock him off path here. >> woodruff: speaking of republicans not thrilled with mitt romney, there was this gathering over the weekend in texas of christian conservatives, evangelicals. should we be more focused on the fact that it took them three ballots? >> i talked to several

evangelical leaders today. some of them were even downplaying that there was any consensus out of this. they did come to an agreement on rick santorum but it was not unanimous and some of the gingrich supporters have been crying fowl suggesting perhaps there was a catholic group that was trying to influence that vote. i think that the romney people are really not talking about this. they're suggesting we're still strong. a lot of these people found us acceptable. i talked to a senior vice president with focus on the family which does not endorse, they didn't attend the meeting. they said we're seeing social conservative find him acceptable. they can deal with him as the nominee. they did stress that they believe that some evangelicals are uncomfortable with his more mon faith. he's going to have to address that if he wants to deliver that vote in the general election. >> woodruff: doesn't an event like the week end meeting in texas play into the campaign in a serious way? >> i think it could have if it had been a little earlier. this campaign path is pretty well set. if they had managed to winnow the field of social conservatives, for instance,

if they had said we're for santorum and we're calling on gingrich and perry to get out of the race, that might have had some influence. they didn't do that. among christian evangelicals you find significant support for gingrich. mitt romney got a third of the votes, more than rick santorum. >> woodruff: which is the part of the story that has been overlooked. >> whatever this group ends up doing it's not translated to anything in south carolina yet. you haven't seen them put anything on the air waves. you'll have a few things here and there, gary bauer who has endorsed santorum will do radio ads. you're not seeing a grass roots efforts. i think that's where this group if they wanted to have influence they could and they're not doing it yet. >> woodruff: susan, the debate tonight. what should we look for? yet another. is this 18 or 88? what is it. >> it seems like 88. >> it's 16 more than we've ever had before in primaries. look for a couple things. one, does mitt romney make a mistake? he's been pretty steady.

with the i'll bet you $10,000. that was probably a.... >> woodruff: a few debates ago. >> but he's been pretty steady in the debates. he needs to get through this debate and the debate on thursday night unscathed. i think also look for battles between gingrich and santorum because once again you see a battle to be the alternative to romney. that's not yet settled. do gingrich and santorum focus their fire on mitt romney or shoot at each other? >> woodruff: this is the first time we're down to five, christina. so the arguments could be sharper tonight. the candidates will have more time. >> more time. i think that that will make a big difference. you saw actually it reminds me a little bit of what the democrats went through in 2008. once they got to the south carolina contest there were just three of them. they really went after one another. this was where the attacks got very sharp. but they're going to have another chance on thursday night. sort hone those attacks. really there are just a few days left here and the candidates, it appears, will probably train their sights on romney. >> woodruff: susan, on the one hand it is late in the process for this group to meet in

texas. on the other hand, people around the rest of the country are saying, wait a minute? it's almost over and it's just january 15 or the 21? by the time of the south carolina vote. what is that american voters, republicans, should be thinking, should be looking for in the coming weeks in this campaign? >> well, you know, we say it's going to be over. that he'll romney could be the presumptive nominee. three weeks after the first contest that seems extraordinary. we should keep in mind that under the new rules that republicans have, no one will mathematically clinch the nomination until at least april. there is still time for there to be some kind of unexpected event that shuffles the deck. we shouldn't forget that. but that's the math. if you talk about the momentum, the momentum seems to all be behind mitt romney at this point. >> woodruff: ron paul. >> you will hear ron paul discuss that math. that's one reason why he's organizing in these caucus states. he's trying to gather as many delegates as he can to be able to say i have a bit of a mandate here. i have this portion of the republican party. who knows what will actually

happen. but that will prevent it from feeling like it's completely over. >> woodruff: it will be... we'll all be watching tonight's debate and the one on thursday. we'll be talking to the two of you. thank you, susan page, christina bellantoni, thank you. >> thank you, judy. >> suarez: next tonight, two years beyond devastation. this was haiti, january 12, 2010, after a magnitude 7 earthquake shattered port-au-prince flattening homes and school buildings and transforming the entire city to piles of ruined stone and metal. the national cathedral was destroyed. the presidential palace toppled in on itself. thousands of people were left to grieve with loved ones lost beneath the rubble and makeshift hospitals appeared

to tend the injured. in all 316,000 people were killed. an sdirbl 1.5 million were left homeless. more than 300,000 buildings destroyed or badly damaged. haitian president honored the dead at one of the many memorials thursday. >> 35 seconds, everything collapsed. a million human lives were destroyed. a city turned to rubble. two years after the giant tragedy, we continue to cry. >> suarez: indeed two years later most haitians are still living in a disaster zone. the main memorial service was held at the still shattered cathedral. minutes away, the presidential palace remains cracked and askew. haiti remains the poorest nation in the western hemisphere. and damage from the disaster totaled $8 billion. 120% of the country's yearly gross domestic product. governments around the world pledged $4.6 billion in aid.

u.n. figures show that only about half of that amount was actually delivered. former president clinton, the u.n. special envoy to haiti, offered a new pledge of support at a service last week. >> we are here not strictly to remember those who are lost and the tragedy but to renew our commitment to haiti's future because we owe that to them. >> suarez: as it is, more than 500,000 haitians are still living in what were supposed to be temporary settlement camps. the settlements are more than just inconvenience. few have enough security. rape and sexual abuse have become serious problems. a haitian group whose name means eye to eye led a protest through port-au-prince last week. demonstrators demanded to know where the aid money had gone.

>> we are pointing our finger at the government. we don't see transparency in the reconstruction process. >> suarez: haiti also confronted an outbreak of cholera in october 2010 that killed more than 6,000 people. weeks later came flooding caused by a late season hurricane. and against that back drop, the election of the country's new president, the same year, was marred by claims of irregularities and ballot stuffing. that in turn led to violent protests, burning streets and clashes with police and with some of the more than 12,000 u.n. peacekeepers deployed in haiti. still by april 2011, the country's newy elected president was talking hopefully. >> you wanted change. you voted for change. change in our political activities. change in our economic choices. change in our social organization. >> reporter: for now, the people of haiti are still awaiting much of that change

as the long, torturous rebuilding process goes on. for an assessment of the progress, the delays and the remaining challenges in haiti's recovery two years after the quake, here's geoffrey brown. >> brown: and we update the situation now with the senior director of international response and programs for the american red cross and another man with mobilize for haiti, a grass roots organization seeking better housing and an emergency alert system in haiti. welcome to both of you. >> two years later, what is your overall assessment of where things stand? >> well, for us, for the haitian-american community, for haians in haiti, january 12 is just like yesterday. it's our katrina moment. except we wake up with it every day. it's been more than 730 days since the earthquake. we still have about 600,000 people who are still residing in camps without proper homes.

that number is down from about a million-five, but about a million people kind of left the camps because the situations were dire there. they didn't necessarily find permanent housing, but they did leave the camp. so you have haitians who are sleeping on porches, who are sleeping, you know, wherever they can find. so it's still very present for us. >> brown: i was there last year for the one-year anniversary for the newshour. most of the aid was still necessarily going to emergency needs in the camps as far as i could see, for food and water. is that still the case? >> there is still work that is going on in the camp. as dominique has said, a lot of people have moved out of the camps, some more successfully than others but there is still work being done in the camp. for the most part the government is really encouraging not only people to

leave but they don't want support in the camp. we continue to transition over the water. we still have some health clinics. there is work that needs to be done. one of the main things we're concerned about is it's not very sexy but desludging of the latrines that have been built. there's no way to remove the waste until we bring trucks in and take it out. >> brown: you're still spending most of your efforts in these emergency efforts as opposed to the kind of longer- term rebuilding. >> not really. it's a mix. we keep our eye on the emergency because, cholera was an emergency. we had to quickly turn on the dime and support that. but we also have focused in the past year on recovery efforts primarily in shelter. >> brown: how much, dominique, have the land disputes continued to hold back rebuilding and resettlement? >> well, land has been an issue that's been brought up many many times mostly by large international ngos that don't have a real understanding of how to maf gate... navigate that

situation in haiti. there's a national government in haiti. there's a centralized government and then there's the local golfs that have direct access to land and oversee some of that stuff. but what has happened is ngos would do outreach and try to get massive, you know, amounts of land and not be able to execute on providing housing. so if a mayor in an area makes land available and you tell them that you'll build on it and you don't build, then it will be more difficult for you to come back and ask for more land at that point. that's been an issue that we've offered specifically to the red cross. some assistance. we've offered to reach out to local partners and other small grass roots groups. farmers associations, that can assist there. but we've not received any positive feedback from a.r.c.specifically on that particular point. >> suarez: what's your experience been of the ngos and of course there was a

period of a vacuum in political power and volatility. and then a new president. and what is your assessment of the sort of how the politics is working now for the rebuild something. >> well, i think you ask any country how the politics are working and you're going to get different perspectives including this country. but we think it's gotten better. our relationship not only with the national authorities but with look authorities continues to increase and stabilize. so we have been able to access some land but it is slow going. one of the particular concerns that we have is making sure that when land is made available not only is there clear title so that you move someone out and then a year later that land gets taken away but there's livelihoods, that there's education capacity and health support. there has been land made available from different individuals as well as the government. quite removed from any of those kinds of support services. that's not tenable for people. >> brown: what's your sense of the politics right now and how it's helping or hindering?

>> i would say the new administration seems to have its heart in the right place. in terms of land specifically, they've expressed that they would want to declare eminent domain in certain areas to allow for construction. we've seen that they've been quite responsive to some of the community needs of people in the tent cities. but at the same time they're facing challenges like not having direct funds, for example, to build homes. so they have to rely on groups that collected a lot of money after the earthquake to do that. >> brown: let me talk about money. i mean we know that certainly not all the aid that was promised has made its way there. the money that has, is it your sense that it's been... how has it been spent and has it been spent well? >> you know, there are three ways of kind of looking at what happened in haiti. so there is the immediate

disaster where you're dealing with the emergency phase. and then there's the transition period that should have started. then there's permanent phase. where we feel that they still are operating in the emergency phase even two years after the earthquake where we should already have made certain transitions and be more moving towards permanent solutions in haiti. so, in temperatures of how there is little being done in terms of building permanent homes. we're not saying that the same applies to shelter. transitional shelter to some extent has happened. it's not been sufficient. however, ngos have built some transitional shelter. but we've not been able to get numbers, firm numbers for permanent housing units built there. the other concern that we have is what the standards of the units that are being built, not only do we ask for

permanent units but also units that are also sustainable meaning that you probably someone a home with some access to running water, access to electricity to the extent possible and so on. >> brown: i wonder, as you hear of many of the same issues, the two years later, is there a sense of donor fatigue, perhaps? or lack of interest... or less interest from the world and from donors? >> i do think that's true. just looking over the anniversary the kind of coverage. it's not certainly like it was a year ago, even just two years later. but i think for those at least the red cross who received a large amount of funding, both the american red cross and the red cross at large, our eyes are on haiti and the people continue to work. but i do think it's a rapidly changing world. attention spans move. other issues come up. i think that importance of the donor pledges-- and i primarily mean the donor government pledges-- needs to be followed because that is

very important. that's the lion's share of the funds. ron: all right. thank you both very much. >> thank you, sir. >> thank you. >> woodruff: next, honoring the legacy of dr. martin luther king, jr. and correcting an error on his memorial. margaret warner has our story. >> warner: president obama and his family set the day's theme with a volunteer project at a school in washington. >> this is the third year now that we provide or engage in some sort of service on dr. king's birthday. there's no better way to celebrate dr. king than to do something on behalf of others. >> warner: it was the first king hol die since the martin luther king memorial opened to the public on the national mall last august. >> this is the actual birthday of martin luther king jr.. >> reporter: on sunday when king would have been 83 his son martin luther king iii

took part in a wreath-laying there. at the memorial today, visitors stopped to read aloud the words of the civil rights leader carved in granite. >> equality and freedom for their spirit. >> and justice anywhere is a start to justice everywhere. >> warner: but another quote chicagoeled into the stone has been a source of criticism. currently it reads "i was a drum major for justice, peace and righteousness." it was taken from a 1968 speech in which king discussed how he might be remembered after his death. >> yes, if you want to say that i was a drum major, say that i was a drum major for justice. say that i was a drum major for peace. i was a drum major for righteousness.>> and all of the other shallow things will not matter. >> warner: the memorial's lead architect said the quote was shortened to accommodate a design change planners made while the statue was being carved in china.

but one of the memorial's consultants, poet may a ainge lieu complained that the trunk indicated version distorted king's meeting and made him sound like an arrogant twit. a number of others have agreed including some visitors to the memorial over the weekend. >> he was a great leader. to do that i think i should quota great leader in the way he meant to be remembered. >> warner: on friday the department of interior with jurisdiction over the memorial announced the inscription would be changed. the president today acknowledged the dispute but stressed that the message was the important thing. >> if you look at that speech talking about dr. king as a drum major, what he really said was that all of us can be a drum major for service. all of us can be a drum major for justice. there's nobody who can't serve. nobody who can't help somebody else. >> warner: interior secretary

ken salazar has given the national park service 30 days to consult with the memorial's private foundation, the king family, and others on how to modify the inscription. and the error on the king memorial was first highlighted in an opinion piece for the "washington post" late last august. it was written by rachael manteuffel who was an editorial aid for the paper's opinion section. she joins me now. rachael, welcome. >> thanks for having me, margaret. >> warner: you cause quite a stir with this column of yours. what tipped you off that the quote was a misquote? >> you know, i got to see it early because i live here. so it was open to the public before the opening ceremonies. when i went to see it, it just didn't seem right to me. it didn't seem like something he would say. if it was something he said, then it didn't seem like something that is keeping with the spirit that we remember him. >> warner: why do you say it wasn't like something he would say?

to say i was a drum major for peace, justice and righteousness? >> sort of proclaiming himselfs something like that. something that demands a lot of attention. i sort of see him as a very... he almost never talked about himself that way as the most important part of the or the part that deserves attention. >> warner: that speech 5,000- word speech actually was a warning about the dangers of what he called the drum major instinct, the desire to be out front, to get a lot of attention. >> exactly. if people say... he said if people want to say that he sautee tension that way, he hopes they would say it that he sautee tension for just ti, peace and righteousness which is different from asserting i was. >> warner: it comes at the end when he's reflecting on what people might say about him. >> it's true. how he wants to be remembered. >> warner: when your column

first appeared, first of all, go back to how this reversal of really intent on his part happened because all the other quotes on the memorial are exact quotes. aren't they? >> the council of historians including dr. may a and lieu chose 14 quotations. they were put up on the wall. and there's a longer quote. if you want to say i was.... >> warner: which we heard him say. >> then all these other shallow things will not matter. that was in the plan. those plans were approved by the free government... three government agencies that were supposed to approve the plans for the memorial. after approval without getting any consultation there was a design decision made i believe by the architect that the face them wanted to carve on would not support a quote that long so they needed a shorter quote. so they got a shorter quote. >> warner: and pair phrased it. when your piece first appeared

and there was the architect, the lead architect and others with the memorial defended the short paraphrase, what happened? describe the reaction and what you think or what you know caused this turn around. to order essentially that there is going to be a change after all. >> i think, well, the "washington post" covered the story of how there had been a mistake in the process, that these agencies that approved plans that were changed. and also dr. angelou and dr. martin luther king ii and steven colbert several other people makers people with moral authority in the matter who knew dr. king, et cetera, sort of joined the chorus that we're saying this is not how we want to remember him. this isn't what he meant. >> warner: what was the secretary of interior's initial reaction? >> he said he was concerned about it. earlier he wanted to see the dedication happen without this sort of coming into that which, you know,.... >> warner: you mean when they

went through with the official dedication which actually had to be delayed because of the hurricane. there was just no mention of any of this? >> exactly. they had a lot of other things to celebrate. >> warner: as we see when you go down there or see in this tape, this is a massive structure. what are the people involved saying are going to be the challenges of actually changing this? >> well, it depends on how they decide to change it. but it is one big piece of stone. i don't know how easy or difficult it will be. i know they did decide to truncate the quote in the first place because they weren't sure the stone could support all of the words. that the council of historians chose. i don't know how they're going to do that. but it's going to be part of the plan that the national park service comes up with. >> warner: thank you so much. >> thank you so much, margaret. >> woodruff: for the past seven years, to mark this holiday, children from an elementary

school in washington, d.c., have gone to the lincoln memorial on the national mall. there, they have recited the "i have a dream" speech, just as dr. king presented it 48 years ago. before their reading this year students of washington's elementary stopped to tour the martin luther king memorial. we caught up with the fifth graders who were excited to perform the speech again this year. >> it's sort of scary especially when i go like to the microphone to speak. there's a shiver all over my body. it's like, okay, i've got to do this. >> why does it make you shiver? >> because like a whole lot of people. it's hard to not... like just to look at them. oh, that's a whole lot of people out there. >> i think it's so historic. but that's just me. it's like... it's just a

really cool speech. >> you get to tell people what he said and what he's done since it was way in the past you get to tell them like what he said to help people, to get people going on this is wrong and you shouldn't be doing this. >> martin luther king was like the greatest african-american ever. in our history. >> is that why you are looking to reading his speech to steps of the lincoln? >> yeah. it's an honor. special. martin luther king gave the speech so he could tell his community to like stand up for themselves so he could rise from segregation and discrimination to freedom and equality. >> woodruff: we close now with an encore of these students reading last year on this holiday. >> i am happy to join with you today in what will go down in

history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. >> five score years ago a great american signed the emancipation proclamation. >> this momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seered in the flames of injustice. >> it came as a joyous day to end the long night of their captivity. >> but 100 years later the negro is still not free. >> 100 years later, the life of the negro is still crippled by the man ackles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. >> 100 years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of material prosperity. >> 100 years later the negro is still languishing in the corners of the american society and finds himslf an exile in his own land. >> so we have come here today to dramatize a shameful

condition. in a sense we are come to our nation's capital to cash a check. we're the architect of our republic with the magnificent words of the constitution and the declaration of independence, signing a prom sorry note to which every american was to fall heir. >> this note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, will be guaranteed unalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. it is obvious today that america has the focus on this prom sorry note in so far as the citizens of color are concerned. instead of honoring the sacred obligation, america has given the negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. we refuse to believe that justice is bankrupt. we refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. so we have come to cash this check, a check that will give

us freedom and the security of justice. we have also come to this hollow spot to remind america of the urgency of now. this is no time to engage in cooling off or take a tranquilizer drug. now is the time to make real promises of democracy. now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of desolation to the path of racial justice. now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sand of racial just tois to the solid rock of brotherhood. now is the time to make just ti for all people for all god's children. it will be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. this sweltering summer of the negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating freedom and equality. 1953 is not an end by a beginning. i say to you today, my friends,

and so even though we face a difficulties of today and tomorrow i still have a dream. it is a dream deeply rooted in the american dream. i have a dream. that one day this nation will rise up to the true meaning of its creed: we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. i have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia the son of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. i have a dream today one day even the state of mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and just ti. i have a dream that one day my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. i have a dream today. i have a dream that one day in alabama with the racist, with

its governor dripping with the words of nullification, one day right there in alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and sisters and brothers. and freedom will ring. we let it ring from every village, from every hamlet, from every state, we will be able to speed up that day when all of god's children, black men and white men, protestant and catholic, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the all negro spiritual, "free at last, free at last. thank god all mighty, we are free at last." ( cheers and applause ) >> suarez: again, the other major developments of the day.

at least 29 people were still missing after a cruise liner capsized friday off italy with 4,000 passengers. so far rescuers have discovered the bodies of six people. in iraq separate car bombings killed at least 11 in the latest attack. jon huntsman dropped out of the race for republican presidential nomination. he'd finished third in new hampshire and was running last in south carolina. and standard and poor's downgraded its credit rating on the eurozone's rescue fund by one notch. and to hari sreenivasan, for what's on the newshour online. hari? >> sreenivasan: on our science page, correspondent miles o'brien reports on new technology to track firefighters inside burning buildings. we're taking your personal finance questions on our "making sense" page. "new york times" blogger and financial planner carl richards will answer them in a future post. and on our rundown blog, we talk to globalpost reporter cain nunns about the weekend elections in taiwan, where the

pro-china incumbent was reelected. on our morning line email. you can subscribe to that on our website newshour dot pbs dot org. ray? >> suarez: and that's the newshour for tonight. on tuesday, we'll look at a look at money in the 2012 campaign and the so-called "super pacs." i'm ray suarez. >> woodruff: and i'm judy woodruff. we'll see you online, and again here tomorrow evening. thank you, and good night. major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> bnsf railway. >> and by the bill and melinda gates foundation. dedicated to the idea that all people deserve the chance to live a healthy, productive life. and with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. and... this program was made possible

by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org