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>> and now "bbc newsnight." ♪ >> the report of a unique hospital that brings hope to those who have faced violence in the arab world. >> [inaudible] i say you will walk. ipo went fromk's triumph to public-relations disaster in a week. and what we can learn from it. and the country stairs once again to the economic abyss, the former prime minister of greece says what needs to happen next. >> europe has to be at -- managed in a more open and democratic way. ♪ >> it is pretty rare to have a

positive story to bring you in coverage of the middle east where front line and journalism focuses on bombs and shootings, torture and suffering. for every person who dies in a bomb explosion, many others are wounded, often seriously. there is a remarkable hospital in the jordanian capital abdullah dawoud which offers to -- from amman. patients come from all over the region. >> half the patients have something in common. they have been terrorized. by explosions, by bullets, by catastrophes. i had my patient -- i admire my patients. they are great. they are strong.

♪ >> i have come to jordan to meet the faces behind the statistics. tucked away in a suburb of amman, victims from the violence and the middle east, survivors of unimaginable horrors. here, doctors are reconstructing their broken bodies. rebuilding their lives. >> it makes you feel good, really good. >> dr. majd el-rass is a syrian surgeon preparing to operate on a young iraqi girl injured in a bomb. >> once i see these patients, i feel i am not giving enough. i should give more.

they need more. their suffering. they did not do anything bad to suffer. and they are here asking us to help them. >> waiting anxiously is this person. an explosion outside her home in baghdad last september killed her brother and shattered her leg. she has not been able to walker go to school since then. >> the doctors in iraq told me this operation does not work out, i will have to have an amputation. that is why i am scared. since i arrived in jordan, i have been nervous. >> this is the first stage of surgery. i mean, she will need a lot, at least three or four. we hope after that, she will walk. but there is always a risk. there are complications.

always. >> by the time they get here, the patients are extremely complicated medical cases. after many months and years, the face multiple grueling surgeries. the repair they get here is so unique that there is a huge waiting list. set up in 2006, this was meant to be a temporary program to treat victims of the conflict in iraq. but with the political convulsions across the middle east in an escalating crisis in syria, the hospital had to expand, increasing its capacity by 40%. over the past year, it has taken in patients from egypt and the palestinian territories, as well as libya, yemen, iraq, and syria. amongst the syrians desperate to keep in touch with news from home, there is a special camaraderie. almost all are free to be identified because of concerns

for relatives left behind. not abu. he managed to get both himself and his family out. and deliver it would cover from deraa, he says he was politicized and he saw the assad regime response to a peaceful demonstrations in the streets. he began to mobilize young protesters and witness and filmed as the demonstrators were gunned down. soon, he was rounded up, interrogated, and tortured. >> i was handcuffed and blindfolded. the interrogator told me he would bring syrian television in and i must tell them that i smuggled weapons from abroad and that i regretted it. i said i cannot do that. he said, i know how to make you confess. then he put burning coals on my feet and poured a kettle of boiling water over my legs.

>> he knows he is lucky. only walking wounded making it here. dr. majd el-rass operated three times on the 27-year-old, but in the end, he had to amputate this syrian bus drivers like. he says he was shot by a sniper while helping wounded protesters. he then hid, sleepless with pain, on a farm for seven months before he could be smuggled here for treatment. today, dr. majd el-rass is preparing his stump for prostheses. >> amputation for me or for any surgeon is like serious. sometimes it is saving lives. sometimes.

♪ >> for months on end, this hotel is a home away from home for the patients. some will have to return year- after-year. amid the pain, hope, and expectations. but most of all, this is a place of waiting. and for many, progress is slow. abdullah dawoud was 6 years old when a bomb went off at a family funeral in baghdad. losing several relatives as well as his left leg, left eye, and half of his face. he has already had 25 operations. to help rebuild his mouth, muscle was transferred from his back. complicated surgery rarely performed anywhere else in the world. one in 10 of the patients are children.

in. 502 this month, they opened a makeshift school. the teacher told us the children are so keen to the pilot class the moment she arrives at the hotel. most of them now are iraqis, but they are getting ready for an influx from syria in the months ahead. what strikes you most of these children is the complete absence of self pity. fallujah. >> i have been here for a year. this part of my face used to be like the other side. i have had two operations so far. >> how is it being here? is it difficult to be away from home? >> good. >> in what way? you like the weather? you like the calm and the fact

there are no explosions. hussein is waiting for a third skin graft. he showed me how he was burned in a bomb. it hurts, he says, but only at night. ♪ >> the patients living behind these doors all have very visible physical injuries. but hidden away is the mental pain. men rejected for work because of disfigurement. women who have been divorced by their husbands. and children ostracized from school because of their disfigurement. and the psychological pain are extremely hard to treat. the deepest wounds cannot be

seen for him. on a day up with his family, the car was hit by a rocket, killing his wife and 2-year-old son in front of him. tomorrow, he will not complex surgery. the walt transplanted bone from his leg to his arm. staff are anxious about him. he has attended suicide three times. >> since it happened, i have known it no peace. not at all. i am in constant pain. i had four operations in yemen. each one just made things worse. but here i love the doctors. they're like family to me. anything we need, they give us. >> it is wednesday afternoon and they have opened up the hotel ballroom. every few months, staff put on a special party for the patients, trying to lift their spirits. time to keep a close eye.

she is responsible for the patients psychological welfare. >> do you worry more about their physical injury or their mental injury? >> the mental injury. >> it is the last day of the week, and dr. majd el-rass as patients to check up on. three days after her surgery, she is recovering slowly. her mother is concerned that she has lost weight. that is our on the left taken before the explosion. a young woman now reduced by her injury to childlike dependency. but all are relieved that the first operation has gone up to plan. said is 3 busy -- busy rebuilding his strengths. he told me when he can walk on his leg, he is going straight back to syria.

the doctor is gathering his strength for a new influx of patients. >> the hardest part is to see the patients on arrival. when they arrived to me. especially children. when i see a child with a fracture or a problem, when they arrived to me, i say you will walk from here on both whims with a football. i will bring the football. >> if you did not think that this hospital did not exist, what would happen to them? >> it would be catastrophic for them. >> that was the report from jordan. facebook as tried to transmit its popularity as a social

networking site into popularity with investors in its initial public offering. at one point, shares are valued at $38 each but almost immediately the price slipped dramatically. this week, the u.s. senate banking committee said it would be reviewing various issues regarding the offering. morgan stanley advised facebook and is being sued for allegedly warning some favored big investors that future earnings were likely to be lower than previously thought. a warning smaller investors to not receive. here is the report. >> there is a reason the people in front of this shop are smiling. they just become billionaires. last friday's facebook flotation or ipo was one of the biggest ever and valued the social network get over $100 billion. but the smiles of disappeared since then, and now, as with most things in america, the lawyers have taken over. >> facebook and some wall street banks led by morgan stanley are being sued by a group of private

investors who lost their t- shirts since last friday. they alleged that in the run-up to the ipo, facebook warned morgan stanley that things may not be as rosy as they thought. the bank is accused of passing on that information only to a select group of its wall street friends, instead of telling all would-be investors. >> it is not clear whether anybody broken the rules. what is clear is that if they did not break rules, the rules themselves are very unfair, because they give much better information to big institutional investors than they did to small investors. what did they actually broke the rules will probably be mitigated now. we will see what the conclusion is. >> it is highly unlikely fewer people will use facebook as a result of the ipo, but its reputation may have taken a nod. facebook wants to become the medium for targeted advertising on a social network. losing investors billions in two or three days may scare off some would-be advertisers. >> to see the share loss since

going on, to have a share price that was ramped pre-ipo and went down after words, that is obviously not good from a brand point of view. secondly, potentially longer term, and i know because this is hard for us, too, is recruitment. if you have the share price, particularly in the heart of silicon valley, in your share price is going down and you are no longer seen as a hot new thing, that could damage your long time profits because talent is everything. >> what was the vital bit of information which may have been withheld from some smaller investors before the float? when facebook went global back in 2006, it has enjoyed mostly large screen devices such as desktops and laptops. advertisements worked because they did not dominate the entire page. now it is to consume our social networking on hand-held devices and smart phones quite a bit. there, advertising is either too small to be effective or too big and annoys the user.

and it was that fear that facebook might not be able to get as much money from phone users that caused concern. morgan stanley said today that it had followed the same procedures for the facebook offering that it follows for all ipo's and that these procedures were in compliance with all applicable regulations. with nearly a billion regular users, facebook is still the world's most valuable address book with the incredible potential. but it has been tainted a little by appearing to cozy up into wall street over mom-and-pop investors bid up the very people who made it a success in the first place. >> to discuss facebook positive, ipo, gavin esler spoke to a media editor at the "financial times" in new york and a venture capitalist. >> did morgan stanley get this wrong? >> in many ways, they did a brilliant job for their clients. they got $16 billion in cash out of investors who seemed to be eagerly lining up for the site. if you are looking at the demand

last week. at the same time, the price has not sustained. every adviser wants to see a pop. the want to see the shares go up. gently building up. so everybody feels happy. the difficult balance here is that a bank advising a company like facebook is doing two totally different things. trying to get the best price for the company. raising as much money as possible. and for its original investors might be selling out, trying to cash in. but it is also trying to keep the new investors happy and excited and engaged and creating a buzz around the company. there is certainly not a good buzz around committee today. so it is a failure. not worth what it is supposed to. >> in quite a few american newspapers, they have used the word botched. do you agree with that? >> not really. i think the ipo is priced foley. it certainly was on the top end.

what happens is typical with an ipo, it book is billed during the process with investor demand. the price may get pushed up. these investment banks word for the institutional investors primarily, because they're the ones to keep taking new issues every time anyone comes along. so they're not going to try to slap them with an expensive stock just because of demand. they will try to price israelis began with the expectation that there will be an uplift in the after market. >> do you think it is right or normal for some of those more favored big institutional investors to of information that mom and dad back home buying a few shares because the quite like facebook does not get? >> the sec has strict guidelines. you have an s1 ricketts 5 with the sec. i know it was restated. anyone can go to the web and download the s1 to see the

changes. i think full information was out there. whether ever wanted advantage of that before making an investment decision is up to them. >> is there a problem in this because facebook likes to look after the little people? but as part of the image. whether you believe that not, that is up to you. do you believe that is an end -- an image problem for them now? >> difficult, yeah. the have 900 million users. they have also said in a filing that he referred to, we did not start out trying to be a company because -- . we started with a social mission. we're not your usual company. if, frankly, it makes you wonder whether they could be more like a normal company and whether they were amateur in their communications. there are losses piling up. regulators are lining up to look at this bit of the fact of the matter of who shared what information with him will not be clear for a little while.

what is disclosed in the process and in committee hearings and things like that, we have yet to find out. there is always a gray area where the big investment banks are allowed to verbally communicate with the very big clients to point out that sentencing in the filing is the import one to talk about, talking about slowing global growth. >> do you think there is a problem for facebook in the future? >> no, i do not. remember two things. first, shares go up and down. in this case, the have gone down a little bit. has only been a couple days. this is a business with the most extraordinary profile. it has gone from losses in 2008 to a profit of $1 billion. revenues up to $3.7 billion in three years. the have 900 million users. the third biggest economy. >> people love in what they do and living their image love on a connecting with my friends. if that is damaged --

>> i do not think it is damaged. i think it will remain the dominant player in social media for years to come. >> that was gavin esler. it has been another week of a gathering crisis in the eurozone with the focus once more on greece and greek elections next month. one man at the heart of the country's troubles is former prime minister george papandreou, who stepped down late last year to make way for a coalition government. this week, he spoke exclusively to kristy wark. >> what chance is there of greece staying in the euro? >> first of all, greek people and the massive majority are in favor of staying in the euro. 75%. of course, that does mean we will have to follow a difficult program. there may be some changes in this program, but not huge margins of change. >> but that is dependent on those parties during the election who wish to produce the

austerity plan in pushing it through winning. syriza looks like it will may be on target. on the june 17 elections. if they hold the key, no austerity. >> we have to make a choice. obviously, the greek people in previous elections then did a lot of anger, despair, pain because it has been very painful in greece. we have lost a lot of our income. gdp is gone down in a very short time. not only because of greece but because of the wider recessionary situation in europe. not that greeks do not want change. greeks do want change. of course, in greece if there are parties that do not want to do this and they think it will be easy, you can have your cake and eat it, too, i think that will be pushing us toward the exit. >> is a, as david cameron is saying, going to be a referendum on the euro? is this election a referendum on

the euro? >> i have proposed a referendum. elections are different. it will, of course, be in many ways a referendum but not a real referendum. when you have a number of parties, and syriza is one of them, it is easy to say let's have our cake and eat it, too. europe has diminished in a more open democratic way were we bring in our citizens who own this process. europe has to become much more constricted by the citizens. >> does germany have to behave differently? >> the germans put up a lot of money. but if we can put up this money in a different way -- for example, to create a euro bond. to create a stronger fire wall in the markets. to support growth. to give more time, and as a very glad that president hollande in france is meeting with the new leader evangelos venizelos, let's get greece more time. i absolutely back that.

i want europe and i want euro bonds. i have been talking about this since 2009. >> to the questions in one. what happens if the election does not go your way on june 17 and u potentially lead the euro? it will be a default like iceland and argentina. the second question, what happens to the rest of europe? >> the your bank as security, even with difficulties. if we leave the euro, i can tell you this is not like argentina. argentina was pegged to the dollar. we're not pegged to the euro. we use the euro in everyday life. in our contracts, in our banks. this is what we have to go to change the euro would mean a huge reorganization. but then at the same time, there would be a bank run. people would pull their money out. if the drug what comes in we devalue trice, three times, or five times, prices will go up sky-high in -- if the drachma comes in.

>> maybe it will be better for the rest of europe. >> for the rest of europe, the that will be a negative precedent. what will happen when people start to say, well, you know, greece did this, why not portugal or one not another country? i do not want to call names and make it a self-fulfilling prophecy. this is what markets would get. they say, greece did this. minnows, somewhere down , maybe another country does. -- may be another country this summer down the line. that means the market will not invest in those countries. we have to be able to say this is a stable currency. this is not going to break up. we have to make decisions but not in greece but in europe also, that we want to create the necessary structures to make sure that this currency is the currency that can stay alive. and it can, but we have to make those decisions. >> thank you very much. that was kristy wark speaking to george papandreou. that is all for this week. from all of us, goodbye.

♪ >> make sense of international news at bbc.com/news. >> funding for thi presentation is made possible by -- the freeman foundation of new york. stowe, vermont. and honolulu. .ewman's own foundation and union bank. ♪ >> at union bank, our relationship managers use their expertise in global finance to guide you through the business strategies and opportunities of international commerce. we put our extended global network to work. for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you?

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