>> this is bbc world news. funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. shell. and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers use their expertise in global finance to guide you through the business strategies and opportunities of international commerce. we put our extended global network to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you? >> at shell, we believe the

world needs a broader mix of energies. that's why we're supplying cleaner burning natural gas to generate electricity. and it's also why, with our partner in brazil, shell is producing ethanol, a biofuel made from renewable sugar cane. >> a minute, mom! >> let's broaden the world's energy mix. let's go. >> and now, bbc world news. >> mad man or cold-blooded murde. rer. the trial of anders breivik draws to a close in norway. norway must decide what is justice in the breivik case. >> welcome to gmt.

also in the program -- 12 hours of terror in a lakeside hotel close to kabul. the taliban us old ends with 17 dead, most of them civilians. we go inside a rio slum as earth summit 2 draws to a close. it is midday in london, 7:00 a.m. in washington, and 1:00 p.m. in oslo, where anders breivik is about to get his last chance to speak to the court which will determine his fate. he killed 77 people in one horrifying day last summer. that is not in doubt. the court must decide whether breivik can be held criminally responsible, or whether he must be judged insane. for the families of the victim'' and all of norway, it promises to be another day of anguish.

our world affairs correspondent has this report. >> a police convoy takes anders breivik to the oslo court house for the last day of his trial, 11 months after he carried out his horrendous mass killings. >> the defense wants to make sure that breivik is not declared insane and that he goes to prison and not a psychiatric ward. he claims he carried out a political act that was cruel but necessary to protect norway from muslim invasion. >> [speaking foreign language] >> who gave did he know it was wrong? yes. this is what terrorists do. they give themselves a right to kill. >> breivik set off a car bomb outside these government buildings where eight died. then he traveled to the island where, for more than one hour, he methodically shot mostly

teenagers at a summer camp, killing 69. the youngest was 14. norwegians openly grieved and sought comfort. >> instead of examining the right wing terrorism, we examined everything else. we examined these psychiatrists report, the mind of breivik, but we have not gotten into the process of how we deal with each other. >> psychiatrists disagree on a diagnosis on breivik. >> [speaking foreign language] >> the action that there was a singular violent act. >> the court briefly adjourned and is now due to hear again from the families and from

breivik himself. >> our correspondent is following the trial in oslo. he joins me now. is it fair to say that norway cares very deeply about the decision that the court must make following the end of this trial? >> yes, i think that would be right to say that. everyone is following procedures today. this has taken 10 weeks. it now focus is really back on this court in oslo, this district court, to see what argument the defense has. yesterday, the prosecution argued he had to be found insane. not because they really believed he was insane, but because there was enough doubt. breivik himself, as you heard in the report, wants to be found

sane. he wants to further his extreme right political ideology. he does not want to be looked at as a mad man who did a crazy thing. >> in terms of the judicial system, it seems somewhat confusing to me that if breivik gets his way, if it goes his way and he is convicted of murder, not found insane, he will spend, obviously, 21 years in jail. he might not spend so long in jail if he was to be found insane. is that right? >> in theory. the argument is that it is better to send eight sane man into psychiatric care than to send someone who is mentally ill and to prison, where he would not get the medical care he needs. the argument could be that if you are in a mental institution, you could be cured and released. there is legislation in place in norway that would allow for

anyone deemed to be too dangerous to going to prison, if they are deemed to be healthy enough to go into psychiatric care. in any case, people here do not really expect to see anders breivik on the streets any time soon, ever. >> briefly, do you think the families of the victims, do you think they are satisfied with the way this hearing has been conducted? -- theye i've spoken to all seem to think it has been a painful process, but a necessary process. for those people who have lost someone, it is important to have their day in court. they've had their day in court, albeit brief because there were so many victims, but they felt it was necessary to show to the nation and to the world what this man did to their loved ones. they want to see justice be done. >> thank you very much for

joining us on gmt. now to some of the other stories making headlines around the world today. afghan forces have killed the last of a group of heavily armed taliban insurgents who attacked a lakeside hotel. this was after 12 hours of fighting near the afghan capital of kabul. 15 civilians, three security guards, and a police officer are reported dead. it started late on thursday as a group of afghan families were gathering for a party at a hotel on lake qargha. quentin sommerville has this report from kabul. >> an attack on the outskirts of kabul. this hotel was under siege. afghan families come here to speak. for the taliban, it was an easy target. at least half a dozen taliban members stormed the hotel. it went on throughout the night. >> it was around 11:20 p.m. last night when the assault started.

the fighting started. >> there was panic as guests tried to escape, some into the lake. women and children are among the dead. most of those present were not armed. despite the loss of life, it took afghan troops 12 hours to kill the attackers. today, as before, the afghan security forces did most of the fighting. quentin sommerville, kabul. >> an australian patrol boat and other vessels have rescued more than 100 refugees from north of christmas island after their boat capsized it got into difficulties about 200 kilometers away from the

australian territory. officials say about 90 people are still believed to be missing. a fire swept through a slum in new delhi, destroying hundreds of shanties. no one was reported injured or killed. it took 25 fire trucks and 70 firefighters about two hours to put out the flames. in pakistan, the governing party has announced early parliamentary elections. the people's party said they will be held this year. it has also named ashraf as its new candidate for prime minister. the previous candidate was dropped after a warrant was issued for his arrest. opposition members have been calling for new elections to be held immediately. no date for the elections has yet been set. >> there is no specific date. the people's party government was under an awful lot of pressure and still is. what we do know for certain, there is due to be an election

in the national assembly at least to elect a prime minister, someone seeing really as a kind of night watchman prime minister. raja pervez ashraf is the man put forward by the people's party. one would wonder why he would want to be in that position, given what has happened to the last prime minister, who was sacked and now cannot hold office for some time. the next favorite candidate had an arrest warrant issued for him just hours after he was announced. you have to wonder how long ashraf will last in that role. >> chinese dissident artist ai wei wei has finished a one-year bail period. he has been under tight

restrictions. the artist and outspoken critic of the government was detained for almost three months without charge last year. ai, who has been accused of tax evasion, said chinese officials have told him he is barred from leaving the country pending further investigations. he has been speaking with martin patience. >> you cannot give someone freedom -- you cannot be free in the place you want to be. i am surprised. >> in the last 12 months, how have you been treated by the police and the authorities? >> everywhere, two cars, three cars, every day for the past 300 days. they check your phone. they check your e-mail. they do whatever.

they violate your privacy. you wonder why two cameras cannot do the job. can this power -- the very basic values -- human rights, freedom of speech, freedom of information and communication -- do they understand this? i really cannot see any sign that they want to change. there is no sign of that. >> that was the chinese artists, ai weiwei. >> new guinea is about to go to the polls tomorrow. the country has been in

political deadlock since last year with two men claiming the role of prime minister. the two-week long election will see the candidates competing for over 100 parliamentary seats pretty massive police operation has been launched to prevent the violence that has marred previous elections -- parliamentary seats. a massive police operation has been launched to prevent the violence that has marred previous election. coming up, greece hopes to turn the table on germany in the euro 2012 football final. the authorities in mexico have detained the son of the world's most-wanted drug lord. the following report in mexico city does contain some flash photography. >> it is a traditional triumph for the mexican authorities. in this case, it was the 26-

year-old son of the world's most-wanted drug trafficker being paraded before the press. guzman looks directly at the cameras without flinching. his alleged accomplice was just 19 years old. the authorities showed a number of guns, grenades, and about $135,000 in cash the two men were said to have been carrying when they were detained in the mexican city of zapopan. they described him as a key member of the cartel. >> [speaking foreign language] >> jesus guzman is considered one of the main members of the cartel. >> some experts have cast doubt in his role, suggesting he is

principally of interest to the government because of his surname. his father is probably the most wanted drug lord in the world. the timing of the oppressed is also significant, coming as it does -- the timing of the unrest is also significant, coming as it does one week before the election -- the timing of the arrest is also significant, coming as it does one week before the election. nevertheless, all the leading candidates have suggested they will make changes to the way the mexican drug war is waged. bbc news, mexico city. >> this is gmt from "bbc world news." i am stephen sackur. anders breivik, who admits to killing 77 people, is expected to speak soon on the closing day of his trial. his lawyers have argued he should be considered sane. 15 civilians are among the dead

after a battle between afghan forces and taliban militants who attacked a lakeside hotel near kabul. time now for the business news. jamie is here. let's start with the eurozone. where else? there are various important meetings today. one is in luxembourg, where finance ministers are. >> that is where the focus is at the moment. they're talking about reenforce economic governments of europe. one of the biggest ideas is the financial transaction tax. however, it has come up with a lot of opposition, especially from the united kingdom. those opposing it are the countries with large financial sectors, but also the netherlands. i think the problems are fairly big. one of the decisions they must come up with in the next 24

hours is whether some of them may split up. this would probably include germany, which would impose this financial transaction tax. the problem is, i do not think at the moment, the way they are going, that they will come up with much traction on this. >> i do not think politically very much chance of a transaction tax being agreed on across the whole of europe. britain has made it clear it is opposed to the idea. there's some talk of a move toward a tax among a smaller group of countries. even that may have some difficulties. not least because the really big financial sectors that many countries would like to see covered by that is britain. there are real questions about whether a narrow, more focused financial transaction tax would be viable. >> do not write this off as a complete dead duck. other things may come out of

this luxembourg meeting. >> i daresay europe's biggest banks are watching that very carefully. they will be affected by a transaction tax. a host of big banks have been downgraded by one of the ratings agency's request we've known about this since february. we knew there would be a downgrade. some have been worse than others. credit suisse was downgraded three notches. bnp paribas, credit agricole, goldman sachs, morgan stanley -- these are names everybody knows about. what this does is it makes it more difficult for them to borrow money in the market. the markets have prepared themselves for this. this is what peter said. >> it also means that these banks are going to put up collateral when dealing with other banks.

other banks will not want exposure to their lower risk ratings quality. they will say, put some cash up front. that eats up capital. it will reduce their activities. their activities will be more expensive. they will pass that through. it will encourage large businesses to bypass the banks or to find alternative sources of funding. >> i think what he says there is really important. it is not so much that people have not been prepared for this, but that the whole banking sector has gotten worse since february, when we knew something like this bois we're talking about a change in the whole banking -- when we knew something like this would happen. we're talking about a change in the whole banking sector. >> sticking with events in the eurozone -- leaders of the four biggest eurozone economies are meeting in rome today for more talks on the emergency debt crisis. spain is expected to put pressure on germany for new forms of intervention.

i am joined now from brussels by an economist at ing. he also runs a blog called merkelnomics. any sign of the germans softening resistance to more dramatic forms of intervention to shore up the eurozone? >> it is one against three. it is mrs. merkel against the others. she has said she does not expect anything to come out of today's meeting. she has downplayed expectations for next week's meeting. the german line is that there has to be more integration, it has to be conditional, and there cannot be any short time relief. >> the bond markets are not happy. every day we get more evidence italy, the markets are really

losing patience. is there not now in surmountable pressure on germany? there is enormous pressure on germany. in the coming days, germany will pour some water into the wind. it is political gain. in the end, i think she will be willing to put more german taxpayers' money on the table. it will be up to the other countries to deliver the reform and the austerity measures. >> we just saw some pictures of angela merkel. i wonder whether the dynamic in the eurozone has changed very much with the election of francois hollande. you look at these things very closely. do you think the hollande factor is a big one? >> it is. before, it was always merkel and sarkozy. now, all the sudden, it is four

government leaders. monti and hollande, and there's more emphasis on growth. the pressure on merkel has clearly increased. >> the banking union, there is talk of that. there's also talk of eurobonds. which of these massive initiatives is most likely to happen? >> both a bank union and a common eurobond. it will take a couple of years. possibly even a decade before we get it. the german government will say next week, in the end, these elements should be part of a new eurozone economy. >> thank you for joining me on gmt. 20 years ago in the brazilian city inrio, the earth summit

marked a new drive for the way we care for our planet. the u.n.'s conference on sustainable development draws to a close today. how much have things changed in those 20 years? >> brazil is famous for many things, including, sadly, its slums, like this one. standing right beside an open sewer and it's a hot day. conditions like this are on the agenda at the rio summit. just be on the road -- the president and the prime minister are off for discussions. >> i am the largest of brazil's apavillas. this is really the dark

underbelly. officially, the population is 17,000. according to the electricity company, the population is population120,000 -- the population is about 120,000. >> picking up some great smells of fried chicken and garlic. it is lunch time. everybody's got to eat. this bit here is the very narrow list of what they call love st reet. it has got to be about half a meter. you get the impression that it's like being in the bottom of the rain forest.

the electric cables and people watching -- the authorities have been trying to do something about this. they've been trying to tackle this. i'm just want to show you how they have been doing that. a lot of brazilian government money has been spent on this place. there has been a huge police operation in the last six months to try to tackle the drug gangs who rule here. this is one benefit. they've opened a narrow alleyway. it is called road four. they have paid the street. they have installed liking. there are shops. generally, this is a much improved situation. the reality for a vast majority of people living in here is what you have just seen. the dark alleyways and all those difficult conditions. >> a fascinating walkabout in rio there. before we end the program, we

are just going to take you live to some pictures in tahrir square in cairo. you can see tens of thousands of people gathered. they have just been told, as we have, that there is expected to be a statement from the egyptian military council in the next half-hour or so. when we get that, we will bring it to you live. for now, with those pictures of tahrir square, we will end this edition of gmt. thanks for watching. >> funding was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. >> at shell, we believe the world needs a broader mix of energies. that's why we're supplying cleaner burning natural gas to

generate electricity. and it's also why, with our partner in brazil, shell is producing ethanol, a biofuel made from renewable sugar cane. >> a minute, mom! >> let's broaden the world's energy mix. let's go. by kcet los angeles. by kcet los angeles.