this boy is eight years old. on weekends he has to go out and gather firewood for his family. koin etuati is relieved to hear he is at least attending elementary school. she makes an effort to ensure more kids get an education. the family of this girl actually moved here because of the better prospects available to her. her father works on a ship and is often a way, but he does have firm plans for her future. >> there are so many plans, we already decide. my parents decided if i finished school they want me to become a nun. >> koin etuati is aware that for all her efforts to encourage education, those growing up here still face a very limited range of professions.

family ties are close in kiribati. that helps the island inhabitants overcome many of their hardships and difficulties of living here. >> i am a former seaman and i work on the ship for 80 years. now i look after my grandchildren. to try to help what they need, in this life. >> not an easy prospect. down of the harbor, most of the little work available comprises menial jobs and is poorly paid. the big trawlers make life difficult for local fishermen. there catches continue to decrease. the resulting frustration sometimes leads to crime. this youngster stole a chicken. he was fortunate to escape more severe punishment.

the president of kiribati has agreed to an interview. anote tong is a high profile figure in the international climate debate. his plans to relocate parts of the population to fiji caught media attention. but it is the erosion of society, as well as the coastlines, that concerns him. >> we have a very high population of young people. with that, unemployment, the potential for social disorder. we are putting a lot of resources there, giving it a lot of priority. i'm a change is something that we know. we will continue to do it. but at the same time, we do not ignore the other ongoing challenges. >> kiribati is also making progress on the gender front. the parliament recently approved the creation of a ministry for women's affairs.

more good news for koin etuati. >> strong wind. >> erosion. >> climate change is now firmly in the curriculum of local schools. >> global warming. >> the boys and girls here know the importance of joining forces to solve problems. >> i wish that the people would continue to live on this beautiful island, and that the kiribati islands will not disappear from the impact of climate change. >> it remains to be seen whether kiribati is destined to sink into the ocean. the inhabitants of kiribati have a most immediate interest in ensuring this tropical paradise is not lost entirely. >> we now turn to rwanda in east africa.

it is believed to be the only sub-saharan country on track to meet the millennium development goals. in particular, international organizations have praised rwanda's dramatic progress in the health sector over the past decade. health has an impact on every aspect of development, including a country's productivity. after the 1994 genocide, which destroyed the country's social and economic fabric, the government made health a key priority. at the heart of reforms is a health insurance scheme for its people. >> antoinette nyirumuta is finally getting treatment at the hospital in kibuye. she has been suffering for days from headaches and stomach cramps. her village, 40 kilometers away, has just one clinic and no dr.. here at the hospital she can get a proper examination and undergo tests.

she will -- would probably not be treated today if she had not been signed up to the countries public health insurance scheme. >> health insurance is very important because it gives us access to medical treatments. without coverage, treatment becomes expensive. people cannot afford to pay doctors bills on their own. >> that access to health care has been enhanced by the arrival of new ambulances across rwanda, and the decentralized system gives doctors at the hospital more time for their patients. minor ailments can be treated at one of the 200 or so rural health care centers serving villages. >> each facility also has a doctor present once a week to see the most serious cases. >> antoinette's treatment will cost her the equivalent of 20 euro cents.

the rest is covered by the insurance program. she also has to pay 10% of the cost of her medication. >> we want to see more hospitals built. that way, patients do not have to travel such long distances to see a doctor. there are only a few people like me who can afford to buy a bus ticket for the journey. >> the hospital in kibuye is one of more than 40 in the country. rwanda has one doctor for every 18,000 inhabitants. many patients face a long trip just to reach a doctor. once there, however, treatment is available. the overall situation has improved. >> the changes to the health insurance system mean that people can get treatment when they are sick instead of staying at home. that has made a big difference over the last five years.

>> rwanda has enjoyed rapid economic growth in recent years. parts of the health-care care system are now financed by state funding plus revenue from health insurance. the minister of health, agnes binagwaho, says healthcare services are now being used by more than 80% of those insured. >> we have made progress. people have more uptake of health services. and of tools, innovative tools we are providing them like vaccinations, family planning. but we still have a long way to go. i prefer to focus on what we did not achieve then to focus on what we have achieved, because we still have a long way to go. >> rwinkwavu in eastern rwanda is a case in point. the local hospital is now less dependent on foreign aid. the american ngo partners in

health helps to build the facility. the ward's capacity has increased to 110 in patients. but most of the work here is now being taken care of by rwandan doctors. partners in health still sends regular donations, however, to ensure ongoing improvements to the system. >> it starts to help the population, bringing health care and social support. the community supports them to be financially capable because some patients are poor but we try to help them to sustain the economy by some support. >> we work hand-in-hand with the hospital to support them in areas they would like for us to support. as we discussed, medical education is one of the areas of need. for the time being, we are

supporting building the capacity of the health professionals. >> the dividends from that international cooperation are visible on the ground and in the statistics. infant mortality and childbirth- related competitions are declining. the proportion of children surviving their fifth birthday is increasing. >> people are receiving subsidized health. i think the government still has a lot of responsibility. it is a lot of people. the system is building up itself to be strong and autonomous. >> back to kibuye, on the shores of lake kivu. the government recently spent 500,000 euros on this water ambulance. >> we have a plan. what we are going to do next year. up to the time we take over. for the time being, we take over because the aid decreased.

the last two years, the aid decreased. but we have increased the quantity of care we are giving. so it is another way to take over. we recruit more than 1000 nurses the last two years. more than 200 doctors. with our money. >> the plan also includes making sure that patients in less accessible areas that as lake kivu can be picked up by the aquatic ambulance. >> we are now off to visit a special lady in nepal. she is a committed social worker who adores children. she talked to us about her hopes and aspirations just outside of the capital, kathmandu.

>> i am 30 years old and i live in the district. i run in orphanage and try to provide the children with the love of a mother. i don't know what globalization means. the children. when they come to me and call me mother, that makes me happy.

i am worried about the future of the children. i am worried about whether they will be able to find a job and live a good, normal life. typical nepali dhal. made with rice, lentils, potatoes, cauliflower, and curry. i spend a lot of my spare time with the children. we watched tv together.

i really like the orphanage. i hope a lot more children find a home here soon. i look forward to taking care of them, like a real mother. >> now we are off to south america in part why -- paraguay. in the capital, asuncion, garbage is a big problem. residence say that when it drains, the garbage seeps into the ground, polluting the area. this problem has inspired a new project in the country with the motto, the world sends us garbage, we send back music. an orchestra has been created using instruments made entirely from recycled rubbish.

>> it is rehearsal for a music video featuring a performance from what is probably the world's most unusual orchestra. the musicians have been joined for the recording by a famous paraguayan guitarist. but the real stars are the young people, teenagers from a slum area weighing instruments made from recycled trash. the young musicians have plenty of talent and a passion for playing, like maria. >> life would be awful without music. i love music. it is my life. it is the most beautiful thing that has happened to me. >> afterwards, maria and her friends had home to the outskirts of asuncion, the capital. extreme poverty is rife here.

maria's slum neighborhood is home to 2500 families with no electricity, no running water, no jobs, and zero prospects. residents -- essentially live on top of a landfill. two years ago, favio chavez had an idea for getting kids off the street, in orchestra. today he has come with a government official and u.s. visas for maria and other members of the orchestra. the teenagers have never left their home city. now they have passports allowing them to play concerts in the u.s. the orchestra has made headlines across the world thanks to its mix of recycled instruments and raw talent. >> you have to practice and make an effort. that is the only way to progress. otherwise you will not achieve

anything in life. ♪ >> there is one overwhelming priority for the girls -- music. the fact they have to play with instruments fashioned from the trash heap does not bother them. the paraguayan economy has been booming for years, but a third of the populations will lives below the poverty line. many eke out an existence from the refuse dump next-door. that is also where nicolas gomez finds everything he needs. he has been working th trash for 16 years now. nothing makes him happier than hearing what used to be fruit cans emuit -- emit the sweet sound of music. he loves the moment when he can hand over his creations to the children.

>> i can turn this piece of metal into the body of a violin. and these old cans into guitars. and this, this can be used for making drums. >> gomez still makes traditional instruments on order. but the 54-year-old specializes in recycling trash into string instruments. right now he has run out of raw materials, so he is off on another trip to the landfill to replenish his stock. around 1000 people can be found here every day sifting through the rubbish. most, however, are looking for things they can sell for cash or for leftover food.

we asked gomez to describe his most precious find and were somewhat taken aback by his answer. >> a newborn baby. suffocating, but still alive. >> the ritual reality of life in the suburban slums of asuncion. the baby survived. turning trash into music and despair into hope, the young performers are inspired and, in turn, inspirational. ♪ >> my instrument is made from an oil can. the neck is wood found on the street. there is a brush. a spoon. and a calm -- comb. here we have a meets tenderizer. >> kids from the slums laying scraps -- playing scraps transformed into stradivarii.

they have that invitations to play a broad and donations in the shape of funds and conventional instruments. 16-year-old maria has dreams of a professional career in music. ♪ performing in the orchestra gives these young people the recognition they otherwise lack. >> officially, these people do not exist. they do not even get a birth certificate. they die without ever having been registered. the orchestra is set to change that. we want to make the kids visible so that they are acknowledged as part of society. >> it is a big day in the lives of maria and her flow musicians. a reception at the french ambassador's residence. the young artists from the recycled orchestra had been invited to provide musical accompaniment for the event. ♪

the setting is another world for these kids, but one they are glad to be part of. [applause] >> people are watching me and applauding. that is so they are showing what we are capable of and our determination to succeed. ♪ >> that hard-won success has now taken center stage. >> that inspiring project wraps up the show for tonight. do not forget, you can always go to our website for more information on those and other reports. the address is dw.de/global3000. thank you very much for being with us. look forward to seeing you again next week. bye-bye.

ambassador francisco campbell francisco campbell our guest is -- our guest is ambassador francisco campbell. ambassador campbell formerly served as the ambassador to zimbabwe and was a member of the central american parliament. mr. ambassador, thank you for joining us today. what is happening in nicaragua? >> nicaragua is definitely on the road, i would say. is security situation excellent. our economy is doing well.

and we are involved in a number of very interesting and innovative programs. and we are very confident that we have finally brought together all the necessary elements that make us feel sure that we are now on the path towards development. >> the whole central america area. those countries have had a tough go. >> very, very difficult. in the 1980's, we were involved in wars. but i believe that we finally turned the corner. and now we are on a new track. the central american integration system is working. the various central american countries have found ways to begin to cooperate among

ourselves in dealing with some of the major threats. we believe that the most serious threat to the region right now is drug trafficking and organized crime. and the central american countries, through the regional security strategy, have begun to take steps to deal with that effectively. we feel that drug trafficking and organized crime is a hemispheric threat. that means we have to work together, not only among the central american countries, but also the united states has to become more involved. the countries in south america, where the drugs are produced, they have to become more involved. regional,to be a comprehensive effort in dealing with what is a regional threat. >> you talk about south america

getting involved with central america, with the united states, it is amazing that the number one customer for the drugs is america. >> that's true. that central america feel it is very important that the united states take steps to reduce the demand for drugs, that it takes steps to deal more effectively with drug trafficking within united oretes, that it become m effective in dealing with money laundering and also the illegal sales of firearms. we in central america, we may our territory is being used for the trafficking of drugs. so our role in this effort is to ourto make sure that territory is not used for drug trafficking. in the case of the countries of are south, where the drugs

produced, they have to take steps to find ways of reducing production but also dealing with trafficking within their territories. >> do you have an interdiction problem? >> no, we do not in nicaragua. and there is institutions have been doing a very, very good job at dealing with the issue of drugs in a conference of way. however, we do have to deal with any kind of manifestation of consumption. it is not significant, but it is a reality. hat povertyu say t and unhappiness, which go together of course, is at the heart of people's needing to use drugs? >> i am not sure, because where you have the greatest consumption of drugs is in the united states. the level, the demand here cannot be assigned