captioning sponsored by macneil/lehrer productions >> woodruff: republican leaders outline their agenda for the new congress, from authorizing the keystone x.l. pipeline to revising the affordable care act. good evening, i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. also ahead this thursday, the u.s. expands airstrikes in syria to target rebel groups other than the islamic state. >> woodruff: a decade after a deadly tsunami devastated the coasts of indonesia how one community recovers once their world was washed away. >> ifill: plus, a renowned ballerina lifts up a new generation of dancers. >> being a dancer is easy

because you just have yourself to think about and when you're a teacher you have so many concerns for your students. >> woodruff: those are some of the stories we're covering on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: and... >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and... >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you.

thank you. >> ifill: republicans who will run the next congress talked up their to-do list today. house speaker john boehner also issued a warning to president obama especially on immigration. >> there is a bipartisan majority in the house and senate to take some of these issues out of obamacare. we need to put them on the president's desk and let him choose. >> ifill: we'll have more on today's events, and another look at what's behind the election results after the news summary. ohio, kentucky, michigan and tennessee. that conflicts with rulings by other appeals panels, making it

more likely the high court will have to issue a definitive decision. there's word today that president obama wrote last month to iran's supreme leader, ayatollah khamenei, about the fight against islamic state militants. "the wall street journal" reports the letter described iran's shared interest in battling the militants in iraq and syria. the white house declined to discuss the correspondence, except to say again there will be no military cooperation with iran. >> ifill: israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu tried today to quell a conflict around jerusalem's holiest site. it's known to jews as the temple mount and to muslims as the noble sanctuary. there's new unrest as jewish activists demand greater access. but today, netanyahu said he telephoned the king of jordan, who technically has custody of the site. >> i explained to him that we'll keep the status quo on the

temple mount, and that this includes jordan's traditional role there as consistent with the peace treaty between israel and jordan, we have to make every effort to restore calm, quiet and security. >> ifill: the tensions over the site have led to clashes there and elsewhere. there have also been several incidents of palestinians driving vehicles into groups of israelis in jerusalem. >> woodruff: libya's high court handed islamist militants a victory today and deepened the country's political turmoil. the court declared that elections held in june were unconstitutional. it said the new parliament and government that's been fighting the islamists should be dissolved. the ruling was handed down in tripoli, where the militants are in control. >> ifill: one of the longest- held terror detainees at guantanamo bay is back in his home country. fawzi al-odah arrived in kuwait early today. he'd been at guantanamo since 2002. last july, a review found al- odah may have fought against the u.s. in afghanistan but he had only low-level training and was

not in a leadership position. 148 prisoners remain at guantanamo. a retired navy seal cameed for to say he fired the shot that killed osama bin laden. he spoke out because his identity was being leaked anyway. o'neill cdges at least two other seals also fired shots during the raid at the pakistan home in 2011. >> ifill: a close adviser of russian president vladimir putin is now the target of a u.s. investigation involving money laundering. "the wall street journal" reports russian billionaire gennady timchenko is suspected of using the american financial system to wash money from corrupt deals in russia. the kremlin today condemned news of the federal investigation. a spokesman charged it's really aimed at putin himself. >> woodruff: the los angeles county museum of art announced its largest-ever donation of artwork today.

jerry perenchio, the former c.e.o. of the spanish language network univision pledged to donate 47 pieces. they include masterworks by pablo picasso, claude monet, and edgar degas. the bequest will take place after the 83-year-old billionaire's death. >> ifill: a union army officer in the civil war has finally received the medal of honor 151 years after he died at gettysburg. president obama today honored first lieutenant alonzo lon cushing of wisconsin. in july 1863, he commanded a small force that helped break the confederate assault known as pickett's charge. cushing was wounded repeatedly, but refused to leave the battle. >> lon ordered his men to continue firing at the advancing columns. he used his own thumb to stop his gun's vent, burning his fingers to the bone. when he was hit the final time,

as a poet later wrote, his gun spoke out for him once more before he fell to the ground. and alonzo cushing was just 22- years-old. >> ifill: the account of cushing's bravery was lost in the chaos after the battle. more than a century later, a historian in wisconsin rediscovered his story, but it took years of research and letters before congress awarded the medal. >> woodruff: on wall street today, upbeat economic reports helped lift the dow and the s&p to record highs. the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 70 points to close at 17,554; the nasdaq rose more than 17 points to close at 4,638; and the s&p 500 added seven points to close at 2,031. >> ifill: still to come on the newshour. breaking down the numbers on voter turnout in key races from the midterm elections. u.s. airstrikes target rebels in syria outside the islamic state group. rebuilding indonesia's cities to withstand forceful tsunamis. making yes means yes the

standard to stop sexual assualts on college campuses. why ebola treatment in the u.s. saves more lives than treatment in west africa. and honoring ballerina patricia mcbride's career as a dancer and coach. >> ifill: the political earthquake from tuesday's elections continues to reverberate. today, it made its way to capitol hill where there were new questions about whether the president and the soon to be republican congress can really get anything done. >> my job is not to get along with the president just to get along with him. although we actually have a nice relationship. the fact is my job is to listen to my members and listen to the american people and make their priorities our priorities. >> ifill: a day after the post- election promises of cooperation, signs of sharper

edges were beginning to show. writing in the "wall street journal," house speaker john boehner and mitch mcconnell, the next senate majority leader outlined their objectives for the new congress. among them, authorize the keystone x.l. pipeline, overhaul the tax code, revise or repeal the affordable care act, and rein in the federal debt. there was no mention of immigration reform even though president obama threatened yesterday to act on his own by year's end. >> if they want to get a bill done, whether it's during the lame duck or next year, i'm eager to see what they have to offer. but what i'm not going to do is just wait. >> ifill: mcconnell had warned that's like waving a red flag at a bull. boehner chose his own metaphors today to make the same point. >> i believe that if the president continues to act on his own, he is going to poison the well. when you play with matches, you take the risk of burning yourself. and he's going to burn himself if he continues to go down this path.

>> ifill: as for keystone, white house spokesman josh earnest said the president will consider any bill congress sends him pending a court ruling. >> that's a process that currently is winding its ways through the state department and one that right now is at least going to be influenced by the decision from a nebraska judge about the proper route for that pipeline through that state. >> ifill: the president has called congressional leaders to the white house tomorrow, to discuss those issues and others directly. as the white house and congressional leaders retreat to their corners, we thought it might be worth taking one more look at who voted, what they thought they were voting for and whether the politicians heard. david winston is president of the winston group, a republican polling firm. over the years, he has advised republican congressional leadership. fred yang is a partner at the garin hart yang research group, a democratic polling firm. examine for us, gentlemen, the 2014 electorate, and tell me what stands out for you. >> well, i mean, first off, it was a very traditional off-year

electorate. what that means is younger voters did not participate in the same level they normally do in presidential years. there wasn't that much of a drop-off in terms of minority vote that was expected. african americans dropped off by one from an on year to an off year and the spanish dropped off by two, but this was in many ways a typical off-year elexerate. >> ifill: antidemocratic or washington. >> it's hard to argue given what happened on tuesday there wasn't some anti-democrat voting but i think it was ultimately anti-washington, and an electorate that had run out of patience with what they perceive is the status quo, and since the democrats have the white house, we were the status quo. >> ifill: this was, everybody agrees, an older, whiter, more male electorate, at least the republican electorate was, and we have three examples to show you that would demonstrate that. one is nationally. nationally we discovered white male republicans were up in 2012 to 64% from 62%, not a big

number. but look at the state of georgia where david purduring the senator-elect, got 79% of the white male vote, the republican there. and in michigan, white male republicans had grown five points since 2012 from 58% to 63%. so does that mean that the-- we've talked a lot on election night about the daefght obama coalition. does that mean there should be more focus on wooing back white males? >> i think the challenge to democrats at this point after seeing their coalition fall apart is not necessarily to start going cherry picking groups. it's thinking through the process of what day new majority coalition look like if the democrats are going to try to achieve it. i think on the republican side, we got there. we were certainly able to expand in terms of hispanic voters. we went from 29% to 36%. we did better with women this time. we did slightly better with younger voters as well, so we were able to grow that coalition. i think the challenge to

democrats at this point is what does the new coalition look like? it may include that demographic or it may not, but i think that's the challenge. >> ifill: that's what the republican tells a democrat, so you get to tell him as well. >> i'm taking notes. there is an obama coalition. it appears-- and in some respects, also, david, it is a presidential turnout coalition. >> agreed. >> and the challenge for democrats not just based on tuesday but in 2016, president obama won't be on the ballot. and sort of can we build on the obama coalition? can we make sure unmarried women, single women, minorities, young voters, one of the interesting statistics from the exit polls was in presidential elections, under age 30 voters s are a bigger share than over age 65. on tuesday night, two to one aged 65 over younger voters. so can we sustain our momentum with younger voters? look, ultimately, the democrats, like the republicans, are a

national party. and i think that as part of the postelection debriefing, i think we as a party need have,ob, messages and priorities that resonate with the entire electorate, including white voter disple you're talking about prioritys. both the president and mitch mcconnell and to some extent john boehner said america wants us to get stuff done. those were the president's words. does it matter what stuff or is it just getting something done. >> the electorate wasn't saying here are the 17 things we want done. they just ran out of patience with the president and turned to republicans and said you guys. we're going to give you the chance to govern. this is your opportunity to do it. and the one thing they want done is economy and jobs. this is not a situation where there are seven things that are going to occur. they want kind of a reset, and that means, by the way, the president's got to reset, as well. and i think you heard, reading the piece that mcconnell and boehner did in the "wall street journal," they're resetting as.

weapon you're rightyou're rightt stuff done. >> and i think it would be a mistake to read the mandate as some kind of economic agenda. i do agree with david it was a mandate for impatience, that we sort of need to get things moving. i think the one opportunity, among many, fore democrats is i don't think the republican party articulated a positive agenda. it was anti-obama, anti-this, and i do think there's a chance for democrats to seize on the economic narrative. >> ifill: are we a center-right country, based on those results or is that just where we are today? >> we have been a center-right country for a while. if you look at the exit polls, moderates are the largest group and they're more conservative than liberals so center-right. but understanding where that center goes politically and ideological, sets up the friem for how you build your majority coalition. >> i agree with that. >> ifill: you agree with that?

>> people expect pollsters from different parties to disagree, but the numbers are the numbers. and, look, i think on tuesday night, the country might have shifted center-right. i think 2016 is a whole new ballgame with a different electorate. >> ifill: well, 2016 is it going to be right on our heels any moment now. we'll be back to talk to you about that as well. fred yang, david winston, thank you both very much. >> pleasure. >> woodruff: u.s. air campaign inside syria broadened again last night going beyond the targeting of the islamic state group. tonight, we take a closer look at the shifting dynamics on the ground in the war-torn nation. this video, posted by syrian activists, purports to show the aftermath of u.s. air strikes near aleppo overnight. targets included the al-nusra front, al-qaeda's syrian proxy, and the so-called khorasan

group, said to include al-nusra elements. over the weekend, nusra front fighters routed two u.s.-backed rebel groups in neighboring idlib province, and seized a major weapons cache. on the other hand, nusra has also often allied itself with so-called moderate rebels against the bashar al-assad regime. nusra and the islamic state group split with each other in february over tactics. the weekend losses were a blow to washington's effort to build up those rebels. at the white house yesterday, president obama said the u.s. and its allies must tread carefully in the syrian maze, to find someone who will battle the islamic state group. >> there are a lot of opposition groups in syria, they fight among each other, they are

fighting the regime. and what we're trying to do is to find a core group that we can work with that we have confidence in. >> woodruff: indeed, the dizzying array of groups fighting in syria, includes: the syrian army of bashar al- assad; the islamic state group; the al-nusra front. in addition, there are kurdish militia, and the free syrian army, or f.s.a., among others. they control different parts of syria. the regime holds sway in the western-central regions, parts of damascus and aleppo, and the coast. islamic state holds a band across northern and eastern syria, toward iraq. al-nusra is strong along the southern border near israel and in the northwest. and the kurds hold territory along the border with turkey. other groups and the f.s.a. are strongest in the south. the free syrian army and its allies still hold areas in the north, including a vital crossing into turkey called bab al-hawa. vital aid passes through here-- a lifeline to rebels and to

thousands of internally- displaced syrians. now, al-nusra forces are closing in on the border crossing, as alliances once again shuffle. but the u.s. central command was careful to say it did not target the nusra front as a whole. that's because in the syrian war, the group has sometimes allied with american-supported factions against the syrian government. and andrew tabler a senior fellow at the washington institute for near east policy. welcome both of you back to the program. andrew tabler, let me start with you. this is almost an alphabet-like collection of groups in suryoo so i'm going to keep it simple for my own sake. how significant is this latest news that al-nusra has routed the free syrian army, which the u.s., at least in part, has been supporting? >> i think it's significant in that it's routed two primary groups in the free syrian army, both of which the united states had supported in a covert program. it's a setback for the moderate

rebels. there are moderate rebels elsewhere in the country, so they're down but certainly not out. i think the bigger question is what the implications of this all are for a different program proposed by the obama administration, and that is the train and equip program that has been earmarked and is going ahead that will be organized in neighboring countries. >> woodruff: the same question to you, joshua landis, first of all, how significant do you see this development that al-nusra is gaining in parts of syria that the u.s. considers strategic? >> it underlines how difficult the u.s. is going to find trying to find partners in syria all together. our partners are not popular in syria. today, the broad sentiments amongst sunni arabs who support the rebellion is that the the united states is trying to find hired hands, and most syrians don't like them. we're bombing nusra-- this is the al qaeda groups-- and we've killed a number of people with

the islamic front who are applied lyde with them, a very popular, broadbased group. in the general sentiment, i think so, amongst the rebels is to turning against the united states, believe the united states is helping assad, and this is going to make life very difficult in trying to produce a syrian army that's going to have any effect on the real balance of power on the ground. and we've only spent-- we've only earmarked half a billion dollars. that's about a third of the endowment of the university of oklahoma. >> woodruff: he raises the question how does this affect what the u.s. is trying to accomplish? >> sure. the goal of training and equipping the opposition continues and will goed for. the overall allegations will depend, the initial allocations to train 5,000, that could be rapidly increased. the problem remains what are the forces that will take care of the jihadists spreading inside

of syria. the regime isn't the solution. that's the reason for the train and equip program and finding allies i think would be hard fer all syrians still lived inside of syria. but half of syrian syrians are y outside or in the border areas of their country. so actually in a way they could harness that power goinged for but it will be difficult, but it will be a key part of the u.s. strategy. >> woodruff: how clear is it what is the u.s. should be doing and who the u.s. should be helping? >> what we're going to see is the obama policy turns into really what he's doing in afghanistan, somalia, yemen, which is hitting -- degrading isis from the air, as he's doing presently with drones and airplanes, and not really trying to fix syria. that's the cheap method. what andrew is proposing and what many people are talking about in washington is building a syrian army that can take on isis and assad and put syria back together again. i just don't see any resolve to

do that on the part of the president or more importantly on the part of the american people. >> woodruff: and is that right? are you-- is that what you're suggesting? >> no, i think the president's plan is clear. the white house says it's clear. now, the speed at which they can ramp this up-- i think there's a recognition on the part of the white house not that they're not paying attention to syria, it's just the political solution isn't clear there. also, the indication is the war is going to go on for a very long time. so i think that, that to me indicates we could have a divided syria for quite some time and that would be where the f.s.a. enters first and goinged for-- >> woodruff: that's the free syrian army. >> yes, and they could have a settlement with the syrian army going forward, but that's in the future. >> woodruff: for anyone watching this who is wondering what is the united states' stake right now in syria? how do you see that? how do you answer the question why does this matter for the united states?

>> well, i think it matters because a few americans got their heads chopped off, and u.s. intelligence is telling us that there are people in al qaeda, in syria, who are trying to put together bombs and teams that will bomb the west. now, they're trying to run a counter-terrorism operation, and increasingly that looks like it's limited to that. they want to shove isis out of iraq, the president's been pretty clear about that. but syria, we have a muddled message. today, the free syrian army groups that america has been supporting maybe control 1% of syria, 2% eye don't know how much it is, but it's really nothing. and to imagine that america is going to somehow transform them into conquerors of half of syria or even the whole of syria begs the imagination-- >> woodruff: let me get andrew tabler for the last word here. why should americans believe there's any u.s. stake at this point? >> well, there is the terrorist

threat. you know, that's for sure. the other problem is that this is about a regional war that's been going on by proxy, which the president has talked about on a number of occasions, between iranian-backed machines and the sunni-backed rebels inside of syria, and that's a marge larger issue, given energy prices and a whole slew of other things given our treaty obligations. unless you solve syria, you can't not only degrade isis but i can't destroy it and without doing a deal with syria, we can't deal with the jihadists. >> woodruff: it's looking more and more complicated almost by the day. >> absolutely. >> woodruff: andrew tabler, and joshua landis, we thank you. >> ifill: we turn now to indonesia and the remarkable recovery of a community that was nearly wiped out by natural disaster. newshour special correspondent kira kay reports.

>> reporter: on a sunday morning, the villagers of lampuuk gather for a feast, celebrating the start of the harvest season. but lampuuk is also celebrating the life that has returned to it, a decade after a wall of water swept the village away. misran yusuf is the village's imam. he recalls a scene eerily like this one on dec 26, 2004. >> ( translated ): there was a wedding that day. we were preparing food and all of a sudden an earthquake hit. it was so strong people fell. we had no idea that the sea water would rise, we had never heard of a tsunami. >> reporter: the quake that hit offshore was a 9.1 on the magnitude scale. within 20 minutes, waves 60 feet high hit the region at hundreds of miles per hour. >> ( translated ): it sounded like thunder. i held my breath and the water came over the rooftops. when i surfaced i saw people clinging to a tree trunk.

they pulled me on board and we floated until we reached the next village. >> reporter: 130,000 people died and whole communities vanished. lampuuk's lone standing mosque became an iconic image of the disaster. ten years later it is hard to picture that destruction on the streets of the capital city, banda aceh. the once shattered downtown is now firmly back in business. the riverside, choked with debris, is a thriving waterfront again. people overall seem happy. the tsunami had carved a new shoreline, disappearing whole blocks of the community of ulee lee. but now it is a favorite beach destination for families, only small hints remain of what happened here. mayor illiza sa'aduddin says the region has built back better. >> ( translated ): the economy has improved, our poverty level has decreased to a rate that is below the national average. our infrastructure is better than even before the tsunami, roads are now reaching remote

villages. there are a lot of lessons that aceh can share about how we got back on our feet and how we were able to cooperate with many institutions. >> reporter: the international disaster response was a massive $7 billion in aid and reconstruction. while not entirely corruption free, the process was overall transparent and responsive to actual need. the biggest challenge was to provide housing for half a million newly homeless. but ten years on, nearly everyone who needed a permanent home has gotten one. >> ( translated ): the tsunami feels like it was only a month ago. but thank goodness, we have rebuilt our lives. >> reporter: murni and sakinah both lived in ulee lheue and managed to outrun the waves. after living in a displacement camp, they were given houses in a sprawling community overlooking banda aceh, known as jackie chan hill-- the action star helped fund the construction. >> ( translated ): we'd prefer to stay here, rather than in

ulee lheue where it's so close to the sea. i get frightened even where's wind like this, let alone an earthquake. >> reporter: in laampuuk, 800 of the 1,000 residents died, but survivors chose to return to their ancestral land. and they now have an action plan. >> ( translated ): if a quake is strong, we rush to the nearby hill. we also have people on lookout by the sea, if the level changes they will rush here and alert us. i'm so grateful for the help from other countries. a lot of countries came, even george bush and bill clinton came to my village! >> reporter: aceh's gratitude to the world is clear. banda aceh's central park has been turned into a monument of thanks, each donor country acknoweldged individually. a world class museum to the tsunami is a huge weekend draw, most of the visitors are acehnese, many too young to remember what happened here. the walls describe in detail the global response, and there are displays teaching the science at

the root of the disaster. and nearby, a startling site, a massive electricity barge that was carried three miles inland by a wave and dropped in the middle of a neighborhood. authorities decided to leave it in place. lina herlena is a certified tourguide. >> it shows our strength. it shows our strength that after the tsunami our lives have not stopped. our lives have not ended. it also teaches our generation lessons from what happened in the tsunami. >> reporter: these lessons extend to new emergency response procedures, implemented by the city's tsunami center. dr. ella meilianda manages the program. >> the road is wider now. and the coastal road has been designed in a way that it is quite far away from the coastline. and then they have clear marks of evacuation routes. >> reporter: tsunami sirens dot the skyline, they warn citizens

when an earthquake of seven or higher is detected out at sea. when they sound, residents should make their way to a vertical evacuation site-- water resistant high rises with a helipad pad on top. >> we have 17 junior high schools under our program. and for these schools, they know what to do. they have built their own evacuation route, where the meeting point for all these children, and how the parents should pick them up. >> reporter: but the first activation of the system didn't go very well. in 2012, an 8.6 earthquake hit the area and people panicked, not following evacuation procedure and jamming the streets with vehicles. meilianda agrees that more public training is still needed, but says the psychological legacy of 2004 is also to blame. >> suddenly it happened again and they got really traumatized and did not know what to do, it's just like a blank. what we have learned also

throughout almost ten years now, is that the recovery is more toward the physical recovery, reconstruction, but not really on the trauma healing itself. it still needs to be done in a more sustainable way. >> reporter: tour guide lina is also a survivor. she finds a form of therapy through her work. >> at the beginning of working here i felt like it was very hard to talk to other people, to answer the same questions about what happened to me at the time. i feel like i experienced flashbacks. but as time goes on, it really helps me to recover from the trauma. >> reporter: perhaps most startling in aceh's story of recovery is the perspective acehnese share: that the tsunami, for all its destruction, also had a silver lining. it ended 30 years of civil war that had already torn apart society, leaving thousands dead

and many people tortured by the occupying indonesian military. >> it was kind of like almost endless. i mean, we never thought that it would end at some point. but because of the tsunami, then everybody stopped to think, 'ok, we have to stop this conflict.' so this is really like a blessing in disguise for the acehnese community. >> reporter: within months of the tsunami, the indonesian government and separatist rebels signed a peace deal. the presence of aid organizations at the time kept aceh open to the world and ensured the peace would hold. on a beach that ten years ago was littered with the debris of people's lives, the palm trees sheared off at the stump, acehnese families today are enjoying a feeling of normality for the first time in decades. free from war, more prepared for disaster if it comes again, and grateful for the time they have now. >> woodruff: another result of the tsunami in aceh was the implementation of sharia law in the province.

you can watch kira's earlier report, where she gained special access to the area's religious police force, on our website. the stories were produced in partnership with the bureau for international reporting. >> ifill: there's been mounting pressure on college and university campuses to take new steps to curb sexual assault. one approach: to redefine the way sexual consent is given through an affirmative form of consent that shifts the focus from no, to yes. but that premise has jump started its own debate. hari sreenivasan has our look. >> sreenivasan: california recently made affirmative consent the law. and other states are considering similar moves while many schools have made it a part of their policy. here to discuss this are jaclyn friedman, editor of the book "yes means yes: visions of female sexual power and a world without rape." and shikha dalmia of the reason

foundation, a libertarian think tank. she is also a columnist for the magazine, "the week." miss friedman, i want to start with you. explain exactly what affirmative consent means and why do you think it's necessary? >> affirmative consent is the basic principle that all people participating in a sexual act or experience with each other have to make sure that their partner is not only not objecting but that they're actually actively into whatever is happening. it's really that simple. and if you can't tell, you have to ask. it's necessary because no means no, which we've all learned, is not adequate. there are a lot of situation where's if a person feels threatened or overpowered, they may freeze up and not protest, even though they don't want anything to happen to them. or that they might be incapacitated from drugs or alcohol and can't protest. and oftentimes these are used as defenses by rapists and they get away with it, and are left free to reoffend. we really need to move to a standard sathat says it's on all of us to make sure that our partners are actively enjoying

whatever is happening between us, which seems also like a pretty basic human principle. >> sreenivasan: that seems fairly logical. what's wrong with it. >> it does. consent is required under current law. no means no also means consent, that you cannot have sex with somebody who has not consented. the difference between no means no and yes means yes is it puts the burden of proof on the person to obtain consent. it changes the presumption in a very essential way that the person who is accused will no longer be sort of assumed innocent until proven guilty. it will be the other way around gla miss friedman, what about that switch, the presumption has switcheswitched from innocence o guilt? >> well, we don't say that when we say a kidnapper, when we ask a kidnapper, like, "did you have permission to take them somewhere?" right, so that doesn't create

presumption of guilt. so i don't know see why it would be different in sexual assault. what it does is changes the default assumption that if you're encountering someone sexually, currently under current rules and regulations the assumption is you can do whatever you want to their body until they stop you and this changes the default assumption which sucan't do anything to anybody else's body without their enthusiastic concept. >> sreenivasan: so? >> well,un, if you notice what jaclyn was saying, it shifted from consent to enthusiastic consent, which is kind of what the problem is. it ceend of mistakes how human sexuality actually works. people don't it's way the yes means yes standard will work is that you have to give your enthusiastic consent not just at the very beginning or at one point in the act. it has to be ongoing consent. so you move from kissing to fondling to other acts. it has to be achieved at every step. that's just not how human beings have sex. and, yet, this particular

standard will put the burden of proof on the accused to prove that they somehow obtained enthusiastic concept when that's just not how thengz work in the bedroom displar miss friedman without even the word "enthusiastic" how practical is the implementation of it? do couples have to have written consent have a text, or how do they prove this in court with things go back in their relationship? >> first of all, there is no court. the affirmative consent in california applies to college judicial boards. the question is can you remain part of the campus community or not? there are no courts involved. there are no jails involved. that's not what we're talking about. a campus community is a voluntary community that nobody has a right to join or remain in. i just want to clear that up. and campuses have an obligation under title ix to provide a safe environment for all students regardless of gender and the supreme court ruled a long time ago that applies to addressing rape and sexual violence on

campus. of course, we are not talking about written consent or you don't need a notary in the room to touch my left breast. it's very practical. i can tell you i practice it all the time and so do plenty of people. tall requires is that you pay attention to your partner. you can be enthusiastic about trying something. you can be enthusiastic about finding out how something goes. it's not like you have to be at a peak sexual appearance the whole time. if you're unsure whether or not your partner is actively into whatever is happening, you just have to make sure whether that's verbally, if you feel confident that you can read their body language, that's ow to feel confident. you can say, you know, these-- this is the body language they would point to. it's just about present and in communication with your sexual partner which is something that will make all of our sex lives better anyway. >> sreenivasan: are you concerned it impacts life beyond campuses? >> yes, you know, feminists have made no secret about this, the

campus yes means yes law is just a precursor to how they actually want to deal with rape cases in criminal settings, which is essentially changing the burden of proof from the person who is accusing to the person who is accused, which is actually very, very fundamental. we can claim that, well, you know, on campuses you're not actually throwing people in jail so it's okay. the fact of the matter is you are ruining lives. the central problem with yes means yes standard is, in my view, is that it will actually not do all that much to snag real rapists. it will go after people who actually didn't, you know, mean any harm. they were not intending to rape or they're not savvy enough to beat the system. they will essentially-- people who are predators and savvy enough to rape are also savvy enough to lie in campus investigations. and the problem with yes means yes is that it doesn't really essentially get over the he said/she said problem. so that problem remains the same. on the other hand, it will make it very, very difficult for

innocent people to actually prove that they are innocent, so you will create a lot of victims in the course of actually solving a problem that isn't quite the way it should be solved. >> sreenivasan: okay shikha dalmia and jaclyn friedman, thank you both for your time. >> thank you for having me. >> absolutely, thank you. >> woodruff: in wesk, ebola has had a fatality rate of nearly 50%. in the u.s. there have been a hand full of cases so far, and the death rate has been far less. nine people have been treated, seven have recovered eone died, thomas eric duncan, and one remains hospitalized in new york in stable but improving condition. he's dr. craig spencer. what helps explain what's working differently in the u.s. and is it rep lickable? dr. bruce ribner has overseen the care of four ebola patients

at the emory university hospit hospital. mr. ribner, thank you very much for joining us. first, just quickly, is it accurate to say that the recovery rate at this point in the u.s. far better than it is in west africa? >> the recovery rate in the united states is substantially better than in west africa or the cases in central africa, yes. >> woodruff: and why is that? >> ebola virus disease basically ravishes every organ in the body, and what the patient needs is aggressive support until the body can control the virus and the functions of the various organs can recover. unfortunately, the infrastructure in most of africa is such that our colleagues over there are not capable of aggressive supportive measures. we have the luxury of very good infrastructure, and so we would anticipate that while our fatality rates in the u.s. would

not be zero, they would be substantially less than the rates we see in africa. >> woodruff: what do you mean by "infrastructure?" >> in other words, when we receive our patients from africa, more often than not, they have had no blood testing at all, no chemistries, no hematology tests, no platelet counts, any of that. they just don't have the capability of doing those tests in their facilities. at the other end of the spectrum, we have enormous support structure and we can do a lot of testing that they are unable to do and manage the different organs failing much better than they're able to do. >> woodruff: is it just a matter of sophisticated medicine? or are we talking about hydration? are there medicines available here that aren't available there? we know blood plasma of former ebola patients has been used in the u.s. >> it's really all of those. in many of those facilities, the

nursing support is such that they can give a limited amount of fluid, and as we have seen in our patients, patients during the most extreme form of illness are losing five to 10 liters a day, and they just can't keep up with that. in addition, because we have the ability to measure the patients' chemistries and fluid levels, we're much more capable of replacing those fluids exactly to the extent that the patient is losing them. and then finally, blood banks in the united states, whether it be platelets, whether it be plasma, whether it be transfusion, is just dramatically more sophisticate than what our colleagues in africa have access to. >> woodruff: and so my question then is what is done in the united states right now, to what extent can that be replicated in places like sieerie leone and elsewhere in west africa where ebola is still

raging? >> our colleagues in west africa have enormous hurdles to try and reach the level of sophistication that we have in the united states. many of their facilities are not even air conditioned. and in the heat and humidity that exists in many of their facilities, even if we bring some of our instrumentation over there, it rapidly fails within a few weeks to a couple of months. and so they-- they have enormous hurdles in terms of creating the type of infrastructure that we take for granted in the united states. >> woodruff: we are going to leave it there, but we thank you very much, dr. bruce ribner at emory university, thank you. >> thank you. >> ifill: finally tonight, a renowned ballerina raising the bar for young dancers will soon be honored by the kennedy center for her lifelong devotion to her work on stage and off.

>> brown: finally tonight, a renowned ballerina raises the bar for young dancers. and she's soon being honored by the kennedy center for her lifelong devotion to her work on stage and off. "the four temperaments," a dance choreographed by george balanchine in 1946. at the charlotte ballet recently, patricia mcbride taught it to her dancers. she should know. for 28 years, mcbride herself performed the work of balanchine. as a principal dancer for the new york city ballet. and often the master choreographer created dances specifically for her. >> if he said to jump off that bridge. we'd all jump, because we had so much trust in him. >> brown: in december, mcbride, now age 72, will follow in the footsteps of her mentor. as a kennedy center honoree for her life as a dancer and co director of a vibrant ballet company. patricia mcbride's story began as a young girl in teaneck, new

jersey, when her mother, raising two children on her own, put her in a dance class. >> i think my mom and my grandma just thought it would be nice for little girls to do, it seemed like all little girls at that time were, ballet was one of the thing that they would do, and they bought me a pair of ballet slippers, and there i went. >> brown: you went along. >> and my mom just drove me every week, first once a week, then twice, then three times and then every day. and it started getting more serious as the years went on. >> brown: and it became a life. >> it became a wonder life, a wonderful life. >> brown: she joined balanchine's school of american ballet at 14 and at 18 became his company's youngest ever principal dancer. over the years, she debuted many roles and partnered with leading male dancers of the era, including edward vilella. here in tarantella. the new york city ballet is also where she met her husband, jean- pierre bonnefoux, a frenchmen

who had danced at the paris opera before coming to new york to work with balanchine. >> i just love that gesture. >> brown: they were already a couple but had never danced together when one night his partner fell ill and mcbride had to step in. >> we were in love and we were together but i had never done a pirouette with him, he had never laid his hands on me, and we have five minutes for intermission and there were dancing and it was wonderful, you know, but then later on we started, and we had some ballets together and it wasn't working too well because we'd have little you know how it is but we found. >> brown: wait, you know how it is? >> a couple, you know, usually ballerinas like to tell their partners, "oh, just push me a little more this way" or "get me on my leg." ( laughter ) they worked it out. and married in grand fashion in

paris. mcbride retired from the new york city ballet in 1989 at age 46. in a farewell performance that ended in ovations and flowers. the couple turned to teaching, first at indiana university and then, since 1996, running the charlotte ballet. becoming mentors to a new generation of dancers. >> she's kinda like my ballet mom, in a way. she's really raised me. >> brown: 25 year old anna gerberich means it she began working with mcbride at age 15. >> patti is an amazing woman. we would always watch her videos, so it was something, she was this goddess on this tv screen to me she's the most humble, down to earth person i have to say she's always right when she coaches you, and it's just incredible to learn from her.

>> brown: 23-year-old pete leo walker, who told us he was first into hip hop break dancing in his native brooklyn before taking up ballet, says that mcbride and bonnefoux are models in another way as well for him and anna who are partner both onstage and, yes, off as well. >> they're very caring for one another, you know, jean-pierre will still put an umbrella over her head if it's raining outside. i think is very beneficial for us to kind of see the maturity in their relationship. they have an incredible chemistry. >> brown: for her part, mcbride, a mother of two, now a grandmother of three, says she's enjoyed the transition from dancer to teacher though in some ways finds it even more nerve- wracking than being on the world's grand stages as a dancer.

>> being a dancer is easy because you just have yourself to think about, you know, it's all the glory, and it's for you, and when you're a teacher you have so many concerns for your students, and i think i'm more nervous when i do a performance for my students or for the company members. when i stage something i get more nervous for them because i want them to feel really good about themselves. >> brown: in addition to performances, the company has an academy that offers classes for adults and children. including a so-called reach program that provides scholarships to lower-income youth. it also hosts charlotte ballet two, featuring younger dancers who perform in local schools. we went along to a morning performance for elementary school children in kannapolis, north carolina. and when volunteers were needed to come onstage to dance, this was not a shy bunch. exterior, push in on names street or skyline scenes three years ago the company moved into a new building, named for its two leaders. and this year it changed its named from north carolina dance theater to charlotte ballet, reflecting its focus and, more

importantly, its attachment to this rapidly growing city. both ticket sales and donor gifts are up dramatically in recent years. as artistic director, jean- pierre bonnefoux says there are plenty of challenges but also plenty of pleasures: >> there's really exceptional choreographers and there's exceptional dancers. so it's a good time in america to see dance. it's like anything, dance can also be very boring. but when it's good and when people are committed to that, it can be sensational. >> brown: little ballerinas scampering near the sign these days, banners reflect the pride in the upcoming honor for mcbride a celebration of her life's work. >> i was astonished, and moved, and it's such a wonderful thing, it's been a dream, you know, and it's, i don't know how to describe it, it's just so amazing. i never in a million years would have thought that this was going to happen to me. >> brown: mcbride says she remain eager to keep passing on

her passion for many years to come. >> thank you, good job. >> woodruff: again, the major developments of the day, john boehner said president obama upon poison the well if heacs on immigration reform alone. it makes it more likely the supreme court will have to issue a >> ifill: on the newshour online right now, artist and activist mark strandquist wanted to give prisoners a voice to the outside world, postcards so he sent thousands of blank postcards to incarcerated people across the country with this request: if you could create a window into these walls, what would you want the world to see? the results may surprise you. we have a gallery of the postcard drawings on our homepage.

all that and more is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. >> woodruff: and again, to our honor roll of american service personnel killed in iraq and the afghanistan conflict. we add them as their deaths are made official and photographs become available. here, in silence, is one more. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday, we'll look at, detroit's grand bargain to get out of bankruptcy. i'm judy woodruff. >> ifill: and i'm gwen ifill. we'll see you on-line, and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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