how hot it got today. >> as you know, so far this summer, there have been very few hot days. back in july, we hit 94. today, we hit 94 as well. that's going to be the official high today. we're down to 93 today. the coolest spot, oakland had rain down to 70. but ocean city, still coming in in the upper 90s down there. they really had a horrible day down there. our heat index, right around 98. oakland, around the 74-degree mark. ocean city, over 100 -- 109 degrees. still have a heat advisory. bernadette in the outback after we take a look at radar real quick. i have to show you showers. we have shower activity going on across far western maryland, as you can see. the folks out there have been receiving decent rain. around the baltimore region, it's quiet. but out to the west, that's where we're seeing the showers and thunderstorms. tomorrow, that's what we expect to be in our region.

and with that, cooler temps. bernadette has a look at what we normally expect on this day and the records. >> as bob said, we just haven't had a whole lot of extreme heat this season. so we really felt it out there. actual air temperature was 94. and the average is 86. record, 100. so we weren't quite at the record, even though it felt over that this afternoon at times. and the reason for all of this, the jet stream has been very low, most of the season. today, it went back up into canada, which we see more typically in the summer. when that happens, we can get the pushes of tropical air, pulled up into our region. over the mid-atlantic. you can see all the way up into parts of the mideast. this was the hottest day are if a lot of -- day for a lot of people. it is going to be another hot one tomorrow. but we see relief on the way. and we'll have another one coming up. first warning weather coverage continues now with adal -- adam may, live to tell us which precautions you should

take. >> people looking to beat the heat any way they can. a lot of folks here walking around with ice water, ice cream. not too many people sitting outdoors. and an officer told me all day long, they have been kicking people out of the fountains at pratt and light streets. >> reporter: at a soccer camp being held this week at mercy high school, student athletes take numerous breaks in this advisory. >> they give us a lot of water breaks. so it's not that bad. >> reporter: so outdoor practice eventually moved indoors. >> you gotta get a feel for the kids. they're all at different levels. you can't assume that they're all ready to be intense in this type of heat. >> if your temperature obviously is over 105, that is heat stroke like. and that can cause pretty nasty consequences if not dealt with early. >> reporter: the blazing sun no stop for road crews. workers trying to stay cool. but some find it a losing battle. >> you going to work all day? >> not in this hot.

>> when it's hot like this, do you have to do anything special when you're celt-- setting concrete? >> they can either add ice or a chemical to slow down. >> they don't really have air conditioning. so they let us out. >> reporter: and city officials issue a warning for all residents. >> try not to be out in the heat. particularly if you have health issues. and we want people to check on their neighbors, particularly seniors and older neighbors. >> people are actually taking care of themselves. we have been checking in with local hospitals all day long, and none are reporting any major heat-related illnesses. >> thank you, adam. stay with eyewitness news for complete coverage of first warning weather. remember, wjz is always on. for instant updates on the forecast, heat advisories and a list of cooling centers and also any summer school sessions

closing early because of the heat, go to wjz.com. a major disruption in east baltimore as two suspects engage police in a five-hour standoff. baltimore city police say two men barricade themselves inside a home after they robbed a gas station and pistol-whipped an employee there. according to police, a resident was believed to be inside the home with the two men. the man was taken to the hospital as a precaution. one of the suspects was arrested by police. the other still is at large. at this hour, baltimore area residents are jumping into the healthcare fray in a town meeting hosted by senator ben cardin. political reporter pat warren talks to cardin about the controversial gathering today. and shoo talks -- she talks tonight about the big protest. >> reporter: protestors both for and against healthcare reform are lining the street. and we have been told that there has been a cutoff on the number of people who are allowed inside for what ben cardin has said he hopes will be a respectful discussion.

>> usa! usa! healthcare reform, we need it today! >> reporter: members of healthcare reform now try to encounter the numbers of people opposed to reforms considered by congress. >> it's the standard thing going on now with obama plan. i don't think the government or the administration is looking out after the interest of their constit wenlts. >> reporter: health -- constituents. >> reporter: democrats claim the shouting matches are a conservative campaign to set the legs out under the administration's race to put americans under equal programs. >> the program that i'm in helps the mothers. >> reporter: this program, healthy start got a visit from the president and senator

elijah cummings. >> i just ask people to be respectful. >> are you ready to deal with possible disruptions? are you prepared for that? >> we're looking forward to a town hall meeting where people will express their views and give me a chance to give them the information about what is happening in marsden. we're not trying to convince anybody tonight. we're just trying to get information out. >> reporter: they challenge the health reform package. >> we have been telling our members and encouraging all of the citizens to come out, be respectful, polite. let the senator have his word. that's why we're there. we want to are had what he has to say. he's representing us in washington. he's going to be voting on this program. we want to know what he has to say. >> reporter: now, all the people that you see lined up here outside the location of the town hall meeting at towson university, we are told, will not, will not be able to get in because there are so many people, several hundreds of them, will be standing outside.

reporting live from towson, i'm pat warren. now, back to you on television hill. >> of course, we'll have much more tonight at 11:00. and the deadly h1n1 virus is a key topic at a summit in mexico. the u.s., mexico, and canada make a plan for a cooperative effort to combat swine flu this fall. they're also covering issues. >> and today, the university of maryland takes center stage in the global fight against the h1n1 virus. the medical school is taking lead as one of eight test sites around the country. as derek valcourt explains now, researchers have begun testing on hundreds of volunteers. >> reporter: doctors here have been busy all day, injecting volunteers with a vaccine they hope will protect not just the country but the entire world from this emerging disease.

>> reporter: as a boy, arthur ferguson was part of the testing for the successful polio vaccine. now she's a vaccine test volunteer here again this time for the h1n1 virus. >> i'm not worried. and i don't think people should be worried. >> but health officials do worry. if a vaccine isn't developed now, they fear infections could grow more serear and -- severe and widespread. since its outbreak in mexico, it has affected hundreds of thousands worldwide. and been responsible for more than hundreds of deaths. >> the more they talk about, they think that this is something i should be concerned about. >> reporter: allison smith is one of dozens of volunteers. doctors briefed them about the vaccine. >> the same process that we make seasonal flu vaccines. >> reporter: doctors will be looking at how much vaccine the body needs. and whether it requires more than one dose. >> the intention is really to see when is the earliest time

we can expect the vaccine. >> reporter: it all sounds great to those like jennifer fisher. >> i don't know. you know, i don't know if i would have gone out and gotten a vaccine. especially with limited supplies and all of that. but you know, this is going to cover me this season. >> reporter: doctors leading this trial say they expect some results within the next few weeks, with hopes that the vaccination could be ready for widespread use by october. at the university of maryland medical center, i'm derek valcourt. eyewitness news. >> flu-like symptoms will be the only risk associated with the vaccine. each volunteer, by the way, will be paid $600 for their time. here's a story we'll be following all afternoon. here's a live picture from the great america theme park in santa clara, california. where at least two dozen people are stranded. you can see right there, firefighters are at work, trying to get those people

down. on the anniversary of an horrific crash on the bay bridge. engineers are working to make sure it doesn't happen again. one year ago today, 57-year-old truck driver john schwartz crashed into the barrier and into the bay, killing him. another car forced him off the road. an mdta safety panel discovered that the bridge did not meet safety standards. kai has renewed outrage from residents out there. >> the plan costs $1.6 billion and would cut off residents from the water front. last week, governor o'malley outlined the specific plans for the red line which would stretch 14 miles. even with federal funding, it would likely cost the state at leastat $ -- least $800 million.

but some are the most influential are supporters of the red line. both agree, blocking construction would delay rail improvements further. >> under the most optimistic, the red line wouldn't be finished until 2016. central scholarship bureau, based in baltimore is handing out $1 billion to 200 different students. recipients can use it for any post-grad plans. downtown baltimore is getting quite artsy. this morning, the mayor unveiled the inner harbor festival. it will bring upscale artists to the downtown area. two locations will showcase the art. one near the national aquarium, right on pratt street. and the other two blocks north of the harbor. >> another reason to go down to the harbor. still to come.

remembering a cyclist who was tragically lost. i'm mike schuh, wjz eyewitness news upon. this is called a dpoaft bike. it's a memor -- ghost bike. it's a memorial to a cyclist here. i'm alex demetrick. coming up, stopping a dangerous fungus, before it gets into the food chain. that story as eyewitness news continues. breast health breakthrough. the simple solution that could help you stay cancer-free. and take another look outside. how hot will it get tomorrow? bob is updating the first warning forecast.

when a bicycle rider was killed downtown next week, it was emotional. and the creation was a memorial. but what emerged may be removed by the city. >> reporter: last night, a grass roots memorial was chained and lock at lafayette avenue. it's called a ghost bike. this one, honoring john yates. it's part an international movement to mark the spot where psyche lifts are killed to -- cyclists are killed to draw attention to motorists. >> immediately, my world just went -- you know, because i knew. >> reporter: the driver didn't know or didn't care to stop. >> he saw what he did and he took off, then it's on his conscience. god will take care of him. >> reporter: meanwhile, the strong biking community rolled into action with the placement of its first ghost bike.

though only six years old, the ghost bike project has spread to 86 cities. some allow these memorials to stay up while others take them down. the city's transportation department says the chain will be cut and this will be taken down within a week. but when i told that to another avid cyclist, the mayor, she had different ideas. >> we are going to talk about the potential of keeping it up. i think it's a great symbol to help people be aware and conscientious, then i would support it. >> police are still looking for any information about the driver of the large white delivery truck that hit yates. some are suffering as a serious outbreak threatened their crops. it's a toxic fungus, not safe for human consumpletionz. -- consumption. not all of the season's grains are going to make it to market. at the state department of

agriculture, sampling of harvested wheat has caused an outbreak of a toxic fungus, not normally widespread in maryland. >> some of the wheat is at low enough levels it can be used. but there is a significant amount of wheat that has the high levels that can't be used in feed or flour. >> reporter: for amounts low enough near flour, a farmer might get $5 a bushel. as it drops, it drops to $3.50 a barrel. any higher amounts, a farmer makes nothing. >> it is an economic loss for the farmer. >> reporter: the outbreak began when weeks of steady rain left the plants vulnerability to fungus. >> you get a yellowing of this plant tissue here. >> reporter: it takes lab results to spot it. according to fda guidelines, one part per million, or about

one grain in 80 pounds of wheat, is not considered safe for human consumption. >> we are seeing a lot of it. and fortunately, we have the resources here to do it all very quickly. >> before it gets into the food chain? >> before it getting into the food chain. >> reporter: outbreaks of this fungus happen periodically in the state. this time, the conditions were ripe for maryland. >> my history on the farm, this is the first time we've ever seen an outbreak like this here in maryland. >> reporter: and what can't be used is used only for this. >> and the fungus outbreak is also hitting delaware. >> i mean, april was like the second wettest month ever. we dry it out. but we got a lot of humidity today. the dew point today was like 70. back on friday. it was 50. that's the big difference. the moisture in the air makes you feel so uncomfortable. right now, it has dropped to a more comfortable level. 90 now.

dew point at 67. pretty high there. west, southwest winds. barometer holding steady. come back and take a look at one more pretty warm day. then cooler temps headed our way.

hey, look. the great place to be down all

the water. if you can get in the water. >> the only place to be. >> on the water or in the water was the place to be. or out in garrett county. up to 2,000 feet. it was only around 80 degrees this afternoon. we have a couple of showers out in washington county that made it across to garrett and allegheny county. if you're lucky enough to be out that way, you might see a shower or two in the next hour. folks out to the west of us. take a look at temperatures. it has dropped now to a more comfortable, 90 degrees. we get up to 94, which makes it actually be tied for the warmest day of the summer so far. back in july, we had a 94- degree reading. ocean city was really baking today. 96. the winds often the land. but you have got to remember, at ocean city at the airport, just west of the airport, there is some water. so it's very humid down there.

and the heat indexes were around 105, 109 degrees at one point. oakland, only at 71. the actual temperatures now. it feels more like 94. so basically, 90, 93, 94 degrees is what we feel like out there. oakland, feels like low 70s. ocean city, still coming in over 100 degrees. with the temperature and humidity combination. certainly wind chill in reverse, basically. out to the west, showers this afternoon. while in the mountain regions, a lot more off to our north and northwest. and that's what we're looking forward tomorrow to develop. along with the frontal boundary. behind that front, it is cooler. a little tryer. -- dryer. the front will be crossing tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon. they've had strong winds up here. with gusty winds primarily the biggest threat. and we could see strong winds this afternoon. with all of this heat, the front moving through the moist air mass. a pretty good shot of showers and storms tomorrow. the good news is, once the front goes through, by wednesday, it will be a little

cooler and a risk of more scattered showers possibly at the front. once the front gets down to the south, it stays hot down here. but we get a little cooler. it will still be rather humid. but compared to today, anything is better. and there will be a slight risk wednesday and again thursday. west winds on the bay, at 82 degrees bay temp. and winds tomorrow, only 5 to 10 knots. there's your forecast for tonight. looks like widely scattered showers to the west of us. otherwise, partly cloudy, humid night. 74. tomorrow, back up to 92. a little cooler than today. but not much. still humid and a chance of a thunderstorm tomorrow afternoon and again tomorrow night. could have showers. >> great. thanks, bob. you watch the price is right on wjz. now, here's your opportunity to be contestant on the popular cbs game show. you can take part in a contestant search. at the maryland spca on falls

road. there is a contestant form you nide to fill out first. click on the link at the top of the home page. and good luck. >> i haven't seen the selection process itself. and i'm telling you, it's very competitive. >> we are automatically disqualified. other than that, i would be right there. still to in. -- to come. tragedy in midair. late-breaking discoveries. what search crews are finding at this hour. new crews. a westminster woman, found dead. the coroner has spoken. what comes next in the michael jackson death investigation. the latest from today. >> this is mark viviano at the ballpark. baseball's dog days have arrived. the orioles are getting bitten by the health bug. plus a hot day of practice at westminster. that's ahead when eyewitness news continues.

partly sunny in badge. hello, everyone. thanks for staying with eyewitness news.

short time ago, new york city police say divers find a man's body in the wreckage of a plane's wreckage. drew levinson has the 911 calls from the crash. as they try to find the seconds after the single-engine plane crashed saturday, calls began pouring into 911. >> what is your emergency? >> i just saw an airplane hit a helicopter in the hudson river here. >> i saw something explode. and something fall after that. so i would hurry. >> i don't see anybody coming up. >> over the weekend, crews brought up the twisted wreckage of the helicopter and move today to a nearby pier. now they're hoping to pull out the single-engine piper lancer. >> we know they were on converging tact.

both were gaining altitude. >> the debris should help investigators consider how it collided. planes flying below used what they called visual navigation. a pilot's first responsibility is known as see and avoid. >> there is no radar operator looking at you all the time, warning you about other traffic. >> reporter: new york's mayor says the faa should decide whether new regulations should have accidents. he expressed condolences for the five tourists killed on board. divers are still looking for two members of the pennsylvania family on board the plane. in hoboken, new jersey, drew levinson, wjz eyewitness news. the army corps of engineers is being consulted about trying to pull the aircraft. new at 6:00. new developments into the investigation.

kai is live in the newsroom, as police release the sketch of who they hope. police discovered the remains of a female victim in westminster. they now have forensic artist rendering of what they believe she may have looked like. the discovery was made in an overground area off baltimore boulevard. investigators have been contacting police across the country. so far, they have not been able to identify the body of the victims. >> police are still unsure of when the victim was killed and they believed it could have been decades ago. a baltimore man gets three consecutive life sentences for killing a witness. he was convicted in murdering. they were both sentenced to several life terms last month. prosecutors say the trio was trying to protect its drug gang and to intimidate potential

witnesses. there is no doubt, we're smack dab in the middle of summer. felt like the hottest day. and to beat the heat, residents found, of course, water. here at home, the sun is getting lower in the sky. but it's still pretty warm out there. let's check in with bob in the first warning weather center. he's tracking some rain in the first warning doppler radar. take a look at radar. a few showers dying out. had is moving out to the east. right now, heavy showers. probably not going to make it much further to the east. not really planning on this getting to baltimore. but tomorrow, we have a better chance of get something of that activity. up to 90. new york now at 93. cool spot. look at that. syracuse. and nantucket.

pleaseleave it. and we'll cool down beginning on wednesday. >> thanks, bob. stay with eyewitness news for complete coverage of first warning weather. for updates on the heat advisory and any summer school sessions, go to wjz.com. the investigation into michael jackson's death continues with news from the corknow -- coroner's office. it comes on a day revelations from the executors of jackson's will. >> reporter: the answers to what caused the death of michael jackson will have to wait. the los angeles county coroner's office says its office is ready. but they want to keep it shielded while the investigation continues. as for for the king of pop, lawyers are in court seeking

approvals. the judge gave a green light to a major motion picture deal between jackson's estate, columbia pictures and aeg live. the film would feature footage from jackson's final coverage. terms of various money-making ventures are laid out. everything from embossed decanters to a clothing line. >> and there's even a plan for itunes to release jermaine jackson's song "smile "sung at his brother's funeral. >> she wants the judge to keep a close eye on them. and to make sure that she is turning over all of the information she's entitled to. >> an international tribute concert for jackson is expected for next month. major entertainers and the jackson family are slated to

perform. the planned date was august 29th. but the official date has not yet been announced. further second straight month, home sales in the baltimore metro area rose. the average price fell by nearly 7% in the area. in tonight's eyewitness news healthwatch, new numbers show the economy may be affecting the u.s. population. there were nearly 70,000 fewer boths. the drop was the first annual decline. if you're a mom with risk for breast cancer, there is one way to reduce that risk. keeping you and your baby safe. teri okita has the results of a

new study. 33-year-old rachel roper is 5 and a half-months pregnant. and wants wants to make sure she's around. >> i have a strong cancer history. my mother passed away from breast cancer. >> if they ever breast-fed, their risk was 59% lower for developing breast cancer. >> it found the length of time a woman breast-fed did not matter. also, there was no major decrease in risk for women who exclusively breast-fed, versus women who supplemented breastmilk with formula and baby food. cancer experts say this would be a great preventive stiff for

any mom. >> it's something active that they can do when they're young to potentially modify. >> she says nursing her child is now a no-brainer. i'm very excited to hear it. because i said that's all i wanted to do is breast-feed my child. >> reporter: kerry okitta, wjz eyewitness news. >> experts say they have this. time now for a look at what you can expect to come up. why credit card companies are in a frenzy to try to sign new customers. for all of these stories and more, read tomorrow's baltimore sun. and remember to look for the updated forecast on the wjz first warning weather team. the life for former

washington, d.c. mayor marion berry. the nine lives of marion berry highlights the highs and lows of his election. after a preview last month, berry gave the film a thumbs up. hundreds unaccounted for. and rescue is impossible. a tifun strikes asia. dead or alive. a baby is declared dead. then wakes up crying. and that's only the first surprise for the family. a break from the high temperatures are headed our way. i'll have the exclusive first warning five-day forecast. wjz is always on. here are the top stories. for instant updates on all the day's news, log

a deadly typhoon is leaving a trail of drama. at least 180 people are unaccounted for in taiwan. military helicopters are unable to land. dropping food to desperate survivors is almost impossible. the typhoon inflicted the worst

flooding the island has seen in at least half a century. bombings in iraq leave more than a dozen injured. causing buildings and homes to crumble to the ground. it is still not known who is am responsible for the bombings. but the man is believed to be involved. george sandini matched the description of a man who had a grenade on a pittsburgh bus. however, he was let go writings found in his house referenced the incident. however, police did noting confirm finding. a baby in paraguay stunned. doctors said the child was dead with no vital signs. the child's father took the body home for a wake and was shocked when she heard crying.

the doctors also made another mistake, telling the family the baby was a girl, when in fact, it's a boy. >> horrible. katie couric has a preview of what's coming up tonight on the cbs evening news. he may be the first president to have the full support of the pharmaceutical industry? but what will president obama's alliance with them mean for

still around 90 this monday night. looking live outside right new. there is reley from the heat right now. eyewitness news is live with complete weather coverage. first, meteorologist bernadette woods is live in the outback with a more detailed look at what we can expect tomorrow. bernadette? well, we are still going to be hot tomorrow, but not quite as hot as today. we'll start out with temperatures in the 70s. as we head into the afternoon, we'll top out in the low 90s. about 92 degrees. there is a better chance tomorrow for scattered showers and thunderstorms as we head into the afternoon and evening showers. temperatures are going to start to head down. after tomorrow, 92. got to 92. it will still be humid, but

much cooler. 86, 84. 85 and 86 for friday and saturday. >> okay. thanks, bob. still to come tonight on eyewitness news. the heat is on at ravens' training camp. mark has the latest. plus a live report at camden yards. coming up next in sports.

we always say that the o's don't like it when they're on the road. and they like it each less when they're coming back with injury. >> not pretty. >> they've been dealing with injuries. that's for sure. we have an injury update. we'll start with pitcher brad burgeson who did throw on the side today. still experiencing some pain in his left leg. you'll recall, he took a line drive to his left shin. well, it was a shin injury that did complete this. his first at bat. he fouled a ball off his leg. that injury caused him to hit out yesterday. but roberts is back in the lineup today. the swelling and the injury has gone down. roberts, though, will be probably wearing a shin guard.

in the seven-game home stand. for keeping an eye on the development of the rookie birds, pitcher brian matis made his second major league start. matis fell victim to the home run. the first off the bat of oriole, kevin millar. that's the first time matis has given up a home run as a big leaguer. he went on to allow two more. in what ended up as a 7-3 defeat. i was in toronto and heard from the rookie pitcher about his lessons learned. >> i'm upset about it. but i know what i did. and that's the one important thing. i know what i did wrong. and i know what i need to do to improve. like i said, i'm able to learn a lot from today. and hopefully get back to winning ways. >> reporter: matis was removed. in all, he gave up five runs and suffered his first big league defeat.

first game at camden yards for the rookie pitcher. it is a warm night for baseball. and equally hot this morning at mcdaniel college in westminster. a sizzling day for training camp football, with the ravens on the field. and even though they do practice in the morning, temps climbed into the 90s. the misting fan out to help bring relief to the players. lots of attention being paid to quarterback joe flacco. outstanding as a rookie. but there have been some concerns about his arcuracy -- accuracy in training camp. it's a good tuneup for the regular season. and whether it's troy smith or joe flacco throwing the passes. offensive coordinator cam cameron wants to see this moving the ball down the field. >> i want to see the plays up the field, sideline to sideline. we need to improve our offense. we've got to throw the football

better. and obviously it starts with the quarterback. now, among the passes completed in the training camp session this morning, derrick mason hauls one in, take its into the end zone. that would pay for one fan. one of the benefits to being at training camp. the ravens are back on the field tomorrow morning at 8:45. the first preseason game thursday night, against the redskins at ravens stadium. nascar racing on a monday on the road course at watkins, new york. mishap. sam hornish junior spun out of control. sweeps out across the road. a nasty crash, no injuries. joey also got caught up in that crash. meanwhile, tony stewart took the lead on that restart. and he led the way for the final 25 labs -- laps. he held off on marcos an dros. tony stewart, earning his third win of this season.

it's his seventh career road course win. o's have dropped eight straight against oakland, in a streak that goes back to last year. they'll try to stop that streak. tonight i'll have highlights back at 11:00. >> stay cool. we'll be right back.

just a reminder for you to be sure to tune in to the cbs prime time lineup. tonight at 10:00, it's another episode of csi miami. bartenders from around the world put their skills to the test at the 35th world cocktail competition in germany. bartenders were flipping bottles and mixing specials. remember that tom cruise movie? over 800 people from 56 countries came to compete. only 15 competitors will advance to the second round

tomorrow. and the dog days of summer have certainly hit. and each man's best friend has taken a dip to stay cool. these pups had a chance to go for a swim in colorado. the dogs got to jump in the pool and show off their best doggie paddle. one daring dog even went down the water slide. >> probably doesn't bother them much, huh? >> probably not. but wouldn't do them well to drink it. and while important -- >> shade and let them drink. >> and don't let them run around a lot. they can get the bloat thing. be careful of your pet during this heat wave. >> people, too. >> oh, yeah. that's it for us tonight. i'm sally thorner, for denise koch. >> thanks for watching eyewitness news on wjz 13, maryland's news station. we don't want you to rush ahead because -- rush away, because there's much more ahead with the cbs evening news with katie couric.

>> couric: tonight the leaders of the united states, canada and mexico unite to fight a common enemy the h1n1 flu virus. i'm katie couric. also tonight collision over the hudson. as divers find the wreckage of the plane involved in that deadly crash with the tourist helicopter, investigators tried to determine what happened. >> a flight from houston lands in the twilight zone. a plane load of passengers stuck on the tarmac all night long. >> and a right of passage, how riding a bike can put special needs children on a path to a better life. captioning sponsored by cbs this is the "cbs evening news" with katie couric. >> couric: good evening, everyone. it was three neighbors getting together to talk about their mutual problems and challenges. in this case,